MERS coronaviruses from camels in Africa exhibit region-dependent genetic diversity
Identifieur interne : 001D50 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 001D49; suivant : 001D51MERS coronaviruses from camels in Africa exhibit region-dependent genetic diversity
Auteurs : Daniel K. W. Chu [République populaire de Chine] ; Kenrie P. Y. Hui [République populaire de Chine] ; Ranawaka A. P. M. Perera [République populaire de Chine] ; Eve Miguel [France] ; Daniela Niemeyer [Allemagne] ; Jincun Zhao [République populaire de Chine] ; Rudragouda Channappanavar ; Gytis Dudas ; Jamiu O. Oladipo [République populaire de Chine, Nigeria] ; Amadou Traoré [Burkina Faso] ; Ouafaa Fassi-Fihri [Maroc] ; Abraham Ali [Éthiopie] ; Getnet F. Demissié [Éthiopie] ; Doreen Muth [Allemagne] ; Michael C. W. Chan [République populaire de Chine] ; John M. Nicholls [République populaire de Chine] ; David K. Meyerholz ; Sulyman A. Kuranga [Nigeria] ; Gezahegne Mamo [Éthiopie] ; Ziqi Zhou [République populaire de Chine] ; Ray T. Y. So [République populaire de Chine] ; Maged G. Hemida [Arabie saoudite, Égypte] ; Richard J. Webby ; Francois Roger [France, Thaïlande] ; Andrew Rambaut [Royaume-Uni] ; Leo L. M. Poon [République populaire de Chine] ; Stanley Perlman ; Christian Drosten [Allemagne] ; Veronique Chevalier [France, Cambodge] ; Malik Peiris [République populaire de Chine]Source :
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [ 0027-8424 ] ; 2018.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Afrique, Animaux, Chameaux (virologie), Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (génétique), Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (pathogénicité), Femelle, Humains, Infections à coronavirus (médecine vétérinaire), Infections à coronavirus (virologie), Phylogénie, Poumon (virologie), Réplication virale, Souris de lignée C57BL, Variation génétique, Zoonoses (virologie).
- MESH :
- génétique : Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient.
- médecine vétérinaire : Infections à coronavirus.
- pathogénicité : Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient.
- virologie : Chameaux, Infections à coronavirus, Poumon, Zoonoses.
- Afrique, Animaux, Femelle, Humains, Phylogénie, Réplication virale, Souris de lignée C57BL, Variation génétique.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Africa, Animals, Camelus (virology), Coronavirus Infections (veterinary), Coronavirus Infections (virology), Female, Genetic Variation, Humans, Lung (virology), Mice, Inbred C57BL, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (genetics), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (pathogenicity), Phylogeny, Virus Replication, Zoonoses (virology).
- MESH :
- genetics : Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus.
- pathogenicity : Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus.
- veterinary : Coronavirus Infections.
- virology : Camelus, Coronavirus Infections, Lung, Zoonoses.
- Africa, Animals, Female, Genetic Variation, Humans, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Phylogeny, Virus Replication.
Abstract
Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a zoonotic disease of global health concern, and dromedary camels are the source of human infection. Although Africa has the largest number of dromedary camels, and MERS-coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is endemic in these camels, locally acquired zoonotic MERS is not reported from Africa. However, little is known of the genetic or phenotypic characterization of MERS-CoV from Africa. In this study we characterize MERS-CoV from Burkina Faso, Nigeria, Morocco, and Ethiopia. We demonstrate viral genetic and phenotypic differences in viruses from West Africa, which may be relevant to differences in zoonotic potential, highlighting the need for studies of MERS-CoV at the animal–human interface.
Url:
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1718769115
PubMed: 29507189
PubMed Central: 5866576
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PMC:5866576Le document en format XML
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<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
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, Kafrelsheikh,<country>Egypt</country>
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<country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Webby, Richard J" sort="Webby, Richard J" uniqKey="Webby R" first="Richard J." last="Webby">Richard J. Webby</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Poon, Leo L M" sort="Poon, Leo L M" uniqKey="Poon L" first="Leo L. M." last="Poon">Leo L. M. Poon</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Perlman, Stanley" sort="Perlman, Stanley" uniqKey="Perlman S" first="Stanley" last="Perlman">Stanley Perlman</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Drosten, Christian" sort="Drosten, Christian" uniqKey="Drosten C" first="Christian" last="Drosten">Christian Drosten</name>
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;</nlm:aff>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine,<institution>The University of Hong Kong</institution>
, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,<country>Republic of China</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">MERS coronaviruses from camels in Africa exhibit region-dependent genetic diversity</title>
<author><name sortKey="Chu, Daniel K W" sort="Chu, Daniel K W" uniqKey="Chu D" first="Daniel K. W." last="Chu">Daniel K. W. Chu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine,<institution>The University of Hong Kong</institution>
, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,<country>Republic of China</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hui, Kenrie P Y" sort="Hui, Kenrie P Y" uniqKey="Hui K" first="Kenrie P. Y." last="Hui">Kenrie P. Y. Hui</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine,<institution>The University of Hong Kong</institution>
, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,<country>Republic of China</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Perera, Ranawaka A P M" sort="Perera, Ranawaka A P M" uniqKey="Perera R" first="Ranawaka A. P. M." last="Perera">Ranawaka A. P. M. Perera</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine,<institution>The University of Hong Kong</institution>
, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,<country>Republic of China</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Miguel, Eve" sort="Miguel, Eve" uniqKey="Miguel E" first="Eve" last="Miguel">Eve Miguel</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique,<institution>Université de Montpellier</institution>
, F-34398 Montpellier,<country>France</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, L'Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, CNRS,<institution>Universitè de Montpellier</institution>
, F-34398 Montpellier,<country>France</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Niemeyer, Daniela" sort="Niemeyer, Daniela" uniqKey="Niemeyer D" first="Daniela" last="Niemeyer">Daniela Niemeyer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Institute of Virology, Campus Charite Mitte,<institution>Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin</institution>
, 10117 Berlin,<country>Germany</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhao, Jincun" sort="Zhao, Jincun" uniqKey="Zhao J" first="Jincun" last="Zhao">Jincun Zhao</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Department of Microbiology and Immunology,<institution>University of Iowa</institution>
, Iowa City,<addr-line>IA</addr-line>
52242;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6">State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease,<institution>The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University</institution>
, Guangdong,<country>Republic of China</country>
510000;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Channappanavar, Rudragouda" sort="Channappanavar, Rudragouda" uniqKey="Channappanavar R" first="Rudragouda" last="Channappanavar">Rudragouda Channappanavar</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Department of Microbiology and Immunology,<institution>University of Iowa</institution>
, Iowa City,<addr-line>IA</addr-line>
52242;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dudas, Gytis" sort="Dudas, Gytis" uniqKey="Dudas G" first="Gytis" last="Dudas">Gytis Dudas</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff7">Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division,<institution>Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center</institution>
, Seattle,<addr-line>WA</addr-line>
98109;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Oladipo, Jamiu O" sort="Oladipo, Jamiu O" uniqKey="Oladipo J" first="Jamiu O." last="Oladipo">Jamiu O. Oladipo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine,<institution>The University of Hong Kong</institution>
, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,<country>Republic of China</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8">Department of Surgery, Faculty of Clinical Sciences,<institution>University of Ilorin</institution>
, Ilorin,<country>Nigeria</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Nigeria</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Traore, Amadou" sort="Traore, Amadou" uniqKey="Traore A" first="Amadou" last="Traoré">Amadou Traoré</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9">Laboratoire de Biologie et Santé Animals,<institution>L'Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles du Burkina Faso/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique</institution>
, 04 BP 8645 Ouagadougou 04,<country>Burkina Faso</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Burkina Faso</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fassi Fihri, Ouafaa" sort="Fassi Fihri, Ouafaa" uniqKey="Fassi Fihri O" first="Ouafaa" last="Fassi-Fihri">Ouafaa Fassi-Fihri</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10">Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire,<institution>Hassan II Université</institution>
, B.P. 6202 Rabat-Instituts, Rabat,<country>Morocco</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Maroc</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ali, Abraham" sort="Ali, Abraham" uniqKey="Ali A" first="Abraham" last="Ali">Abraham Ali</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff11">Bacterial, Parasitic and Zoonotic Diseases Research Directorate,<institution>Ethiopian Public Health Institute</institution>
, Addis Ababa,<country>Ethiopia</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Demissie, Getnet F" sort="Demissie, Getnet F" uniqKey="Demissie G" first="Getnet F." last="Demissié">Getnet F. Demissié</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff12">College of Veterinary Medecine,<institution>Haramaya University</institution>
, Dire Dawa,<country>Ethiopia</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Muth, Doreen" sort="Muth, Doreen" uniqKey="Muth D" first="Doreen" last="Muth">Doreen Muth</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Institute of Virology, Campus Charite Mitte,<institution>Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin</institution>
, 10117 Berlin,<country>Germany</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chan, Michael C W" sort="Chan, Michael C W" uniqKey="Chan M" first="Michael C. W." last="Chan">Michael C. W. Chan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine,<institution>The University of Hong Kong</institution>
, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,<country>Republic of China</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nicholls, John M" sort="Nicholls, John M" uniqKey="Nicholls J" first="John M." last="Nicholls">John M. Nicholls</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff13">Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine,<institution>The University of Hong Kong</institution>
, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,<country>China</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meyerholz, David K" sort="Meyerholz, David K" uniqKey="Meyerholz D" first="David K." last="Meyerholz">David K. Meyerholz</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff14">Department of Pathology,<institution>University of Iowa</institution>
, Iowa City,<addr-line>IA</addr-line>
52242;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kuranga, Sulyman A" sort="Kuranga, Sulyman A" uniqKey="Kuranga S" first="Sulyman A." last="Kuranga">Sulyman A. Kuranga</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8">Department of Surgery, Faculty of Clinical Sciences,<institution>University of Ilorin</institution>
, Ilorin,<country>Nigeria</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Nigeria</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mamo, Gezahegne" sort="Mamo, Gezahegne" uniqKey="Mamo G" first="Gezahegne" last="Mamo">Gezahegne Mamo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff15">Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Immunology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture,<institution>Addis Ababa University</institution>
, Bishoftu,<country>Ethiopia</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhou, Ziqi" sort="Zhou, Ziqi" uniqKey="Zhou Z" first="Ziqi" last="Zhou">Ziqi Zhou</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine,<institution>The University of Hong Kong</institution>
, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,<country>Republic of China</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="So, Ray T Y" sort="So, Ray T Y" uniqKey="So R" first="Ray T. Y." last="So">Ray T. Y. So</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine,<institution>The University of Hong Kong</institution>
, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,<country>Republic of China</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hemida, Maged G" sort="Hemida, Maged G" uniqKey="Hemida M" first="Maged G." last="Hemida">Maged G. Hemida</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff16">Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary<institution>Medicine, King Faisal University</institution>
, Al-Hasa,<country>Saudi Arabia</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff17">Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,<institution>Kafrelsheikh University</institution>
, Kafrelsheikh,<country>Egypt</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Webby, Richard J" sort="Webby, Richard J" uniqKey="Webby R" first="Richard J." last="Webby">Richard J. Webby</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff18">Department of Infectious Diseases,<institution>St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital</institution>
, Memphis,<addr-line>TN</addr-line>
38105;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Roger, Francois" sort="Roger, Francois" uniqKey="Roger F" first="Francois" last="Roger">Francois Roger</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique,<institution>Université de Montpellier</institution>
, F-34398 Montpellier,<country>France</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff19"><institution>Kasetsart University</institution>
, 10900 Bangkok,<country>Thailand</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Thaïlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rambaut, Andrew" sort="Rambaut, Andrew" uniqKey="Rambaut A" first="Andrew" last="Rambaut">Andrew Rambaut</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff20">Institute of Evolutionary Biology,<institution>University of Edinburgh</institution>
, EH9 2FL Edinburgh,<country>United Kingdom</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff21">Fogarty International Center,<institution>National Institutes of Health</institution>
, Bethesda,<addr-line>MD</addr-line>
20892;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Poon, Leo L M" sort="Poon, Leo L M" uniqKey="Poon L" first="Leo L. M." last="Poon">Leo L. M. Poon</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine,<institution>The University of Hong Kong</institution>
, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,<country>Republic of China</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Perlman, Stanley" sort="Perlman, Stanley" uniqKey="Perlman S" first="Stanley" last="Perlman">Stanley Perlman</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Department of Microbiology and Immunology,<institution>University of Iowa</institution>
, Iowa City,<addr-line>IA</addr-line>
52242;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Drosten, Christian" sort="Drosten, Christian" uniqKey="Drosten C" first="Christian" last="Drosten">Christian Drosten</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Institute of Virology, Campus Charite Mitte,<institution>Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin</institution>
, 10117 Berlin,<country>Germany</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chevalier, Veronique" sort="Chevalier, Veronique" uniqKey="Chevalier V" first="Veronique" last="Chevalier">Veronique Chevalier</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique,<institution>Université de Montpellier</institution>
, F-34398 Montpellier,<country>France</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff22"><institution>Institut Pasteur du Cambodge</institution>
, Phnom Penh,<country>Cambodia</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Cambodge</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peiris, Malik" sort="Peiris, Malik" uniqKey="Peiris M" first="Malik" last="Peiris">Malik Peiris</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine,<institution>The University of Hong Kong</institution>
, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,<country>Republic of China</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0027-8424</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1091-6490</idno>
<imprint><date when="2018">2018</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Africa</term>
<term>Animals</term>
<term>Camelus (virology)</term>
<term>Coronavirus Infections (veterinary)</term>
<term>Coronavirus Infections (virology)</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Genetic Variation</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Lung (virology)</term>
<term>Mice, Inbred C57BL</term>
<term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (genetics)</term>
<term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (pathogenicity)</term>
<term>Phylogeny</term>
<term>Virus Replication</term>
<term>Zoonoses (virology)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Afrique</term>
<term>Animaux</term>
<term>Chameaux (virologie)</term>
<term>Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (génétique)</term>
<term>Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (pathogénicité)</term>
<term>Femelle</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Infections à coronavirus (médecine vétérinaire)</term>
<term>Infections à coronavirus (virologie)</term>
<term>Phylogénie</term>
<term>Poumon (virologie)</term>
<term>Réplication virale</term>
<term>Souris de lignée C57BL</term>
<term>Variation génétique</term>
<term>Zoonoses (virologie)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="médecine vétérinaire" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à coronavirus</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathogenicity" xml:lang="en"><term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathogénicité" xml:lang="fr"><term>Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="veterinary" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Chameaux</term>
<term>Infections à coronavirus</term>
<term>Poumon</term>
<term>Zoonoses</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virology" xml:lang="en"><term>Camelus</term>
<term>Coronavirus Infections</term>
<term>Lung</term>
<term>Zoonoses</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Africa</term>
<term>Animals</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Genetic Variation</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Mice, Inbred C57BL</term>
<term>Phylogeny</term>
<term>Virus Replication</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Afrique</term>
<term>Animaux</term>
<term>Femelle</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Phylogénie</term>
<term>Réplication virale</term>
<term>Souris de lignée C57BL</term>
<term>Variation génétique</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><title>Significance</title>
<p>Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a zoonotic disease of global health concern, and dromedary camels are the source of human infection. Although Africa has the largest number of dromedary camels, and MERS-coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is endemic in these camels, locally acquired zoonotic MERS is not reported from Africa. However, little is known of the genetic or phenotypic characterization of MERS-CoV from Africa. In this study we characterize MERS-CoV from Burkina Faso, Nigeria, Morocco, and Ethiopia. We demonstrate viral genetic and phenotypic differences in viruses from West Africa, which may be relevant to differences in zoonotic potential, highlighting the need for studies of MERS-CoV at the animal–human interface.</p>
</div>
</front>
<back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Al Tawfiq, Ja" uniqKey="Al Tawfiq J">JA Al-Tawfiq</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Perl, Tm" uniqKey="Perl T">TM Perl</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Haagmans, Bl" uniqKey="Haagmans B">BL Haagmans</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Reusken, Cb" uniqKey="Reusken C">CB Reusken</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Raj, Vs" uniqKey="Raj V">VS Raj</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Koopmans, Mp" uniqKey="Koopmans M">MP Koopmans</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Haagmans, Bl" uniqKey="Haagmans B">BL Haagmans</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chu, Dk" uniqKey="Chu D">DK Chu</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chu, Dk" uniqKey="Chu D">DK Chu</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Miguel, E" uniqKey="Miguel E">E Miguel</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ithete, Nl" uniqKey="Ithete N">NL Ithete</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Thornbrough, Jm" uniqKey="Thornbrough J">JM Thornbrough</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yang, Y" uniqKey="Yang Y">Y Yang</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Matthews, Kl" uniqKey="Matthews K">KL Matthews</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Coleman, Cm" uniqKey="Coleman C">CM Coleman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Der Meer, Y" uniqKey="Van Der Meer Y">Y van der Meer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Snijder, Ej" uniqKey="Snijder E">EJ Snijder</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Frieman, Mb" uniqKey="Frieman M">MB Frieman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Scobey, T" uniqKey="Scobey T">T Scobey</name>
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</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Haagmans, Bl" uniqKey="Haagmans B">BL Haagmans</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zhao, J" uniqKey="Zhao J">J Zhao</name>
</author>
</analytic>
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<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chan, Rw" uniqKey="Chan R">RW Chan</name>
</author>
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<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zielecki, F" uniqKey="Zielecki F">F Zielecki</name>
</author>
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</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Faye, B" uniqKey="Faye B">B Faye</name>
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</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Menachery, Vd" uniqKey="Menachery V">VD Menachery</name>
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</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cockrell, As" uniqKey="Cockrell A">AS Cockrell</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Li, K" uniqKey="Li K">K Li</name>
</author>
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</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lamers, Mm" uniqKey="Lamers M">MM Lamers</name>
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</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Siu, Kl" uniqKey="Siu K">KL Siu</name>
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</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Miguel, E" uniqKey="Miguel E">E Miguel</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Guindon, S" uniqKey="Guindon S">S Guindon</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hemida, Mg" uniqKey="Hemida M">MG Hemida</name>
</author>
</analytic>
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</TEI>
<double pmid="29507189"><pmc><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">MERS coronaviruses from camels in Africa exhibit region-dependent genetic diversity</title>
<author><name sortKey="Chu, Daniel K W" sort="Chu, Daniel K W" uniqKey="Chu D" first="Daniel K. W." last="Chu">Daniel K. W. Chu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine,<institution>The University of Hong Kong</institution>
, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,<country>Republic of China</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hui, Kenrie P Y" sort="Hui, Kenrie P Y" uniqKey="Hui K" first="Kenrie P. Y." last="Hui">Kenrie P. Y. Hui</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine,<institution>The University of Hong Kong</institution>
, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,<country>Republic of China</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Perera, Ranawaka A P M" sort="Perera, Ranawaka A P M" uniqKey="Perera R" first="Ranawaka A. P. M." last="Perera">Ranawaka A. P. M. Perera</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine,<institution>The University of Hong Kong</institution>
, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,<country>Republic of China</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Miguel, Eve" sort="Miguel, Eve" uniqKey="Miguel E" first="Eve" last="Miguel">Eve Miguel</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique,<institution>Université de Montpellier</institution>
, F-34398 Montpellier,<country>France</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, L'Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, CNRS,<institution>Universitè de Montpellier</institution>
, F-34398 Montpellier,<country>France</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Niemeyer, Daniela" sort="Niemeyer, Daniela" uniqKey="Niemeyer D" first="Daniela" last="Niemeyer">Daniela Niemeyer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Institute of Virology, Campus Charite Mitte,<institution>Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin</institution>
, 10117 Berlin,<country>Germany</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhao, Jincun" sort="Zhao, Jincun" uniqKey="Zhao J" first="Jincun" last="Zhao">Jincun Zhao</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Department of Microbiology and Immunology,<institution>University of Iowa</institution>
, Iowa City,<addr-line>IA</addr-line>
52242;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6">State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease,<institution>The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University</institution>
, Guangdong,<country>Republic of China</country>
510000;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Channappanavar, Rudragouda" sort="Channappanavar, Rudragouda" uniqKey="Channappanavar R" first="Rudragouda" last="Channappanavar">Rudragouda Channappanavar</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Department of Microbiology and Immunology,<institution>University of Iowa</institution>
, Iowa City,<addr-line>IA</addr-line>
52242;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dudas, Gytis" sort="Dudas, Gytis" uniqKey="Dudas G" first="Gytis" last="Dudas">Gytis Dudas</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff7">Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division,<institution>Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center</institution>
, Seattle,<addr-line>WA</addr-line>
98109;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Oladipo, Jamiu O" sort="Oladipo, Jamiu O" uniqKey="Oladipo J" first="Jamiu O." last="Oladipo">Jamiu O. Oladipo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine,<institution>The University of Hong Kong</institution>
, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,<country>Republic of China</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8">Department of Surgery, Faculty of Clinical Sciences,<institution>University of Ilorin</institution>
, Ilorin,<country>Nigeria</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Nigeria</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Traore, Amadou" sort="Traore, Amadou" uniqKey="Traore A" first="Amadou" last="Traoré">Amadou Traoré</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9">Laboratoire de Biologie et Santé Animals,<institution>L'Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles du Burkina Faso/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique</institution>
, 04 BP 8645 Ouagadougou 04,<country>Burkina Faso</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Burkina Faso</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fassi Fihri, Ouafaa" sort="Fassi Fihri, Ouafaa" uniqKey="Fassi Fihri O" first="Ouafaa" last="Fassi-Fihri">Ouafaa Fassi-Fihri</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10">Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire,<institution>Hassan II Université</institution>
, B.P. 6202 Rabat-Instituts, Rabat,<country>Morocco</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Maroc</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ali, Abraham" sort="Ali, Abraham" uniqKey="Ali A" first="Abraham" last="Ali">Abraham Ali</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff11">Bacterial, Parasitic and Zoonotic Diseases Research Directorate,<institution>Ethiopian Public Health Institute</institution>
, Addis Ababa,<country>Ethiopia</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Demissie, Getnet F" sort="Demissie, Getnet F" uniqKey="Demissie G" first="Getnet F." last="Demissié">Getnet F. Demissié</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff12">College of Veterinary Medecine,<institution>Haramaya University</institution>
, Dire Dawa,<country>Ethiopia</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Muth, Doreen" sort="Muth, Doreen" uniqKey="Muth D" first="Doreen" last="Muth">Doreen Muth</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Institute of Virology, Campus Charite Mitte,<institution>Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin</institution>
, 10117 Berlin,<country>Germany</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chan, Michael C W" sort="Chan, Michael C W" uniqKey="Chan M" first="Michael C. W." last="Chan">Michael C. W. Chan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine,<institution>The University of Hong Kong</institution>
, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,<country>Republic of China</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nicholls, John M" sort="Nicholls, John M" uniqKey="Nicholls J" first="John M." last="Nicholls">John M. Nicholls</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff13">Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine,<institution>The University of Hong Kong</institution>
, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,<country>China</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meyerholz, David K" sort="Meyerholz, David K" uniqKey="Meyerholz D" first="David K." last="Meyerholz">David K. Meyerholz</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff14">Department of Pathology,<institution>University of Iowa</institution>
, Iowa City,<addr-line>IA</addr-line>
52242;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kuranga, Sulyman A" sort="Kuranga, Sulyman A" uniqKey="Kuranga S" first="Sulyman A." last="Kuranga">Sulyman A. Kuranga</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8">Department of Surgery, Faculty of Clinical Sciences,<institution>University of Ilorin</institution>
, Ilorin,<country>Nigeria</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Nigeria</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mamo, Gezahegne" sort="Mamo, Gezahegne" uniqKey="Mamo G" first="Gezahegne" last="Mamo">Gezahegne Mamo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff15">Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Immunology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture,<institution>Addis Ababa University</institution>
, Bishoftu,<country>Ethiopia</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhou, Ziqi" sort="Zhou, Ziqi" uniqKey="Zhou Z" first="Ziqi" last="Zhou">Ziqi Zhou</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine,<institution>The University of Hong Kong</institution>
, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,<country>Republic of China</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="So, Ray T Y" sort="So, Ray T Y" uniqKey="So R" first="Ray T. Y." last="So">Ray T. Y. So</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine,<institution>The University of Hong Kong</institution>
, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,<country>Republic of China</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hemida, Maged G" sort="Hemida, Maged G" uniqKey="Hemida M" first="Maged G." last="Hemida">Maged G. Hemida</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff16">Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary<institution>Medicine, King Faisal University</institution>
, Al-Hasa,<country>Saudi Arabia</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff17">Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,<institution>Kafrelsheikh University</institution>
, Kafrelsheikh,<country>Egypt</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Webby, Richard J" sort="Webby, Richard J" uniqKey="Webby R" first="Richard J." last="Webby">Richard J. Webby</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff18">Department of Infectious Diseases,<institution>St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital</institution>
, Memphis,<addr-line>TN</addr-line>
38105;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Roger, Francois" sort="Roger, Francois" uniqKey="Roger F" first="Francois" last="Roger">Francois Roger</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique,<institution>Université de Montpellier</institution>
, F-34398 Montpellier,<country>France</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff19"><institution>Kasetsart University</institution>
, 10900 Bangkok,<country>Thailand</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Thaïlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rambaut, Andrew" sort="Rambaut, Andrew" uniqKey="Rambaut A" first="Andrew" last="Rambaut">Andrew Rambaut</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff20">Institute of Evolutionary Biology,<institution>University of Edinburgh</institution>
, EH9 2FL Edinburgh,<country>United Kingdom</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff21">Fogarty International Center,<institution>National Institutes of Health</institution>
, Bethesda,<addr-line>MD</addr-line>
20892;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Poon, Leo L M" sort="Poon, Leo L M" uniqKey="Poon L" first="Leo L. M." last="Poon">Leo L. M. Poon</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine,<institution>The University of Hong Kong</institution>
, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,<country>Republic of China</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Perlman, Stanley" sort="Perlman, Stanley" uniqKey="Perlman S" first="Stanley" last="Perlman">Stanley Perlman</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Department of Microbiology and Immunology,<institution>University of Iowa</institution>
, Iowa City,<addr-line>IA</addr-line>
52242;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Drosten, Christian" sort="Drosten, Christian" uniqKey="Drosten C" first="Christian" last="Drosten">Christian Drosten</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Institute of Virology, Campus Charite Mitte,<institution>Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin</institution>
, 10117 Berlin,<country>Germany</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chevalier, Veronique" sort="Chevalier, Veronique" uniqKey="Chevalier V" first="Veronique" last="Chevalier">Veronique Chevalier</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique,<institution>Université de Montpellier</institution>
, F-34398 Montpellier,<country>France</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff22"><institution>Institut Pasteur du Cambodge</institution>
, Phnom Penh,<country>Cambodia</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Cambodge</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peiris, Malik" sort="Peiris, Malik" uniqKey="Peiris M" first="Malik" last="Peiris">Malik Peiris</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine,<institution>The University of Hong Kong</institution>
, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,<country>Republic of China</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">29507189</idno>
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<idno type="RBID">PMC:5866576</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1073/pnas.1718769115</idno>
<date when="2018">2018</date>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">MERS coronaviruses from camels in Africa exhibit region-dependent genetic diversity</title>
<author><name sortKey="Chu, Daniel K W" sort="Chu, Daniel K W" uniqKey="Chu D" first="Daniel K. W." last="Chu">Daniel K. W. Chu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine,<institution>The University of Hong Kong</institution>
, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,<country>Republic of China</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hui, Kenrie P Y" sort="Hui, Kenrie P Y" uniqKey="Hui K" first="Kenrie P. Y." last="Hui">Kenrie P. Y. Hui</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine,<institution>The University of Hong Kong</institution>
, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,<country>Republic of China</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Perera, Ranawaka A P M" sort="Perera, Ranawaka A P M" uniqKey="Perera R" first="Ranawaka A. P. M." last="Perera">Ranawaka A. P. M. Perera</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine,<institution>The University of Hong Kong</institution>
, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,<country>Republic of China</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Miguel, Eve" sort="Miguel, Eve" uniqKey="Miguel E" first="Eve" last="Miguel">Eve Miguel</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique,<institution>Université de Montpellier</institution>
, F-34398 Montpellier,<country>France</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, L'Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, CNRS,<institution>Universitè de Montpellier</institution>
, F-34398 Montpellier,<country>France</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Niemeyer, Daniela" sort="Niemeyer, Daniela" uniqKey="Niemeyer D" first="Daniela" last="Niemeyer">Daniela Niemeyer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Institute of Virology, Campus Charite Mitte,<institution>Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin</institution>
, 10117 Berlin,<country>Germany</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhao, Jincun" sort="Zhao, Jincun" uniqKey="Zhao J" first="Jincun" last="Zhao">Jincun Zhao</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Department of Microbiology and Immunology,<institution>University of Iowa</institution>
, Iowa City,<addr-line>IA</addr-line>
52242;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6">State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease,<institution>The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University</institution>
, Guangdong,<country>Republic of China</country>
510000;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Channappanavar, Rudragouda" sort="Channappanavar, Rudragouda" uniqKey="Channappanavar R" first="Rudragouda" last="Channappanavar">Rudragouda Channappanavar</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Department of Microbiology and Immunology,<institution>University of Iowa</institution>
, Iowa City,<addr-line>IA</addr-line>
52242;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dudas, Gytis" sort="Dudas, Gytis" uniqKey="Dudas G" first="Gytis" last="Dudas">Gytis Dudas</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff7">Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division,<institution>Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center</institution>
, Seattle,<addr-line>WA</addr-line>
98109;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Oladipo, Jamiu O" sort="Oladipo, Jamiu O" uniqKey="Oladipo J" first="Jamiu O." last="Oladipo">Jamiu O. Oladipo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine,<institution>The University of Hong Kong</institution>
, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,<country>Republic of China</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8">Department of Surgery, Faculty of Clinical Sciences,<institution>University of Ilorin</institution>
, Ilorin,<country>Nigeria</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Nigeria</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Traore, Amadou" sort="Traore, Amadou" uniqKey="Traore A" first="Amadou" last="Traoré">Amadou Traoré</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9">Laboratoire de Biologie et Santé Animals,<institution>L'Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles du Burkina Faso/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique</institution>
, 04 BP 8645 Ouagadougou 04,<country>Burkina Faso</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Burkina Faso</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fassi Fihri, Ouafaa" sort="Fassi Fihri, Ouafaa" uniqKey="Fassi Fihri O" first="Ouafaa" last="Fassi-Fihri">Ouafaa Fassi-Fihri</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10">Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire,<institution>Hassan II Université</institution>
, B.P. 6202 Rabat-Instituts, Rabat,<country>Morocco</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Maroc</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ali, Abraham" sort="Ali, Abraham" uniqKey="Ali A" first="Abraham" last="Ali">Abraham Ali</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff11">Bacterial, Parasitic and Zoonotic Diseases Research Directorate,<institution>Ethiopian Public Health Institute</institution>
, Addis Ababa,<country>Ethiopia</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Demissie, Getnet F" sort="Demissie, Getnet F" uniqKey="Demissie G" first="Getnet F." last="Demissié">Getnet F. Demissié</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff12">College of Veterinary Medecine,<institution>Haramaya University</institution>
, Dire Dawa,<country>Ethiopia</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Muth, Doreen" sort="Muth, Doreen" uniqKey="Muth D" first="Doreen" last="Muth">Doreen Muth</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Institute of Virology, Campus Charite Mitte,<institution>Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin</institution>
, 10117 Berlin,<country>Germany</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chan, Michael C W" sort="Chan, Michael C W" uniqKey="Chan M" first="Michael C. W." last="Chan">Michael C. W. Chan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine,<institution>The University of Hong Kong</institution>
, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,<country>Republic of China</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nicholls, John M" sort="Nicholls, John M" uniqKey="Nicholls J" first="John M." last="Nicholls">John M. Nicholls</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff13">Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine,<institution>The University of Hong Kong</institution>
, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,<country>China</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meyerholz, David K" sort="Meyerholz, David K" uniqKey="Meyerholz D" first="David K." last="Meyerholz">David K. Meyerholz</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff14">Department of Pathology,<institution>University of Iowa</institution>
, Iowa City,<addr-line>IA</addr-line>
52242;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kuranga, Sulyman A" sort="Kuranga, Sulyman A" uniqKey="Kuranga S" first="Sulyman A." last="Kuranga">Sulyman A. Kuranga</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8">Department of Surgery, Faculty of Clinical Sciences,<institution>University of Ilorin</institution>
, Ilorin,<country>Nigeria</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Nigeria</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mamo, Gezahegne" sort="Mamo, Gezahegne" uniqKey="Mamo G" first="Gezahegne" last="Mamo">Gezahegne Mamo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff15">Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Immunology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture,<institution>Addis Ababa University</institution>
, Bishoftu,<country>Ethiopia</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhou, Ziqi" sort="Zhou, Ziqi" uniqKey="Zhou Z" first="Ziqi" last="Zhou">Ziqi Zhou</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine,<institution>The University of Hong Kong</institution>
, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,<country>Republic of China</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="So, Ray T Y" sort="So, Ray T Y" uniqKey="So R" first="Ray T. Y." last="So">Ray T. Y. So</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine,<institution>The University of Hong Kong</institution>
, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,<country>Republic of China</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hemida, Maged G" sort="Hemida, Maged G" uniqKey="Hemida M" first="Maged G." last="Hemida">Maged G. Hemida</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff16">Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary<institution>Medicine, King Faisal University</institution>
, Al-Hasa,<country>Saudi Arabia</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff17">Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,<institution>Kafrelsheikh University</institution>
, Kafrelsheikh,<country>Egypt</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Webby, Richard J" sort="Webby, Richard J" uniqKey="Webby R" first="Richard J." last="Webby">Richard J. Webby</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff18">Department of Infectious Diseases,<institution>St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital</institution>
, Memphis,<addr-line>TN</addr-line>
38105;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Roger, Francois" sort="Roger, Francois" uniqKey="Roger F" first="Francois" last="Roger">Francois Roger</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique,<institution>Université de Montpellier</institution>
, F-34398 Montpellier,<country>France</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff19"><institution>Kasetsart University</institution>
, 10900 Bangkok,<country>Thailand</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Thaïlande</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rambaut, Andrew" sort="Rambaut, Andrew" uniqKey="Rambaut A" first="Andrew" last="Rambaut">Andrew Rambaut</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff20">Institute of Evolutionary Biology,<institution>University of Edinburgh</institution>
, EH9 2FL Edinburgh,<country>United Kingdom</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff21">Fogarty International Center,<institution>National Institutes of Health</institution>
, Bethesda,<addr-line>MD</addr-line>
20892;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Poon, Leo L M" sort="Poon, Leo L M" uniqKey="Poon L" first="Leo L. M." last="Poon">Leo L. M. Poon</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine,<institution>The University of Hong Kong</institution>
, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,<country>Republic of China</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Perlman, Stanley" sort="Perlman, Stanley" uniqKey="Perlman S" first="Stanley" last="Perlman">Stanley Perlman</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Department of Microbiology and Immunology,<institution>University of Iowa</institution>
, Iowa City,<addr-line>IA</addr-line>
52242;</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Drosten, Christian" sort="Drosten, Christian" uniqKey="Drosten C" first="Christian" last="Drosten">Christian Drosten</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Institute of Virology, Campus Charite Mitte,<institution>Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin</institution>
, 10117 Berlin,<country>Germany</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chevalier, Veronique" sort="Chevalier, Veronique" uniqKey="Chevalier V" first="Veronique" last="Chevalier">Veronique Chevalier</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique,<institution>Université de Montpellier</institution>
, F-34398 Montpellier,<country>France</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff22"><institution>Institut Pasteur du Cambodge</institution>
, Phnom Penh,<country>Cambodia</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Cambodge</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peiris, Malik" sort="Peiris, Malik" uniqKey="Peiris M" first="Malik" last="Peiris">Malik Peiris</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine,<institution>The University of Hong Kong</institution>
, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,<country>Republic of China</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0027-8424</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1091-6490</idno>
<imprint><date when="2018">2018</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><title>Significance</title>
<p>Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a zoonotic disease of global health concern, and dromedary camels are the source of human infection. Although Africa has the largest number of dromedary camels, and MERS-coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is endemic in these camels, locally acquired zoonotic MERS is not reported from Africa. However, little is known of the genetic or phenotypic characterization of MERS-CoV from Africa. In this study we characterize MERS-CoV from Burkina Faso, Nigeria, Morocco, and Ethiopia. We demonstrate viral genetic and phenotypic differences in viruses from West Africa, which may be relevant to differences in zoonotic potential, highlighting the need for studies of MERS-CoV at the animal–human interface.</p>
</div>
</front>
<back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct>
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<author><name sortKey="Perl, Tm" uniqKey="Perl T">TM Perl</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
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</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Reusken, Cb" uniqKey="Reusken C">CB Reusken</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Raj, Vs" uniqKey="Raj V">VS Raj</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Koopmans, Mp" uniqKey="Koopmans M">MP Koopmans</name>
</author>
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</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chu, Dk" uniqKey="Chu D">DK Chu</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chu, Dk" uniqKey="Chu D">DK Chu</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Miguel, E" uniqKey="Miguel E">E Miguel</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ithete, Nl" uniqKey="Ithete N">NL Ithete</name>
</author>
</analytic>
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<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Thornbrough, Jm" uniqKey="Thornbrough J">JM Thornbrough</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yang, Y" uniqKey="Yang Y">Y Yang</name>
</author>
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</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Matthews, Kl" uniqKey="Matthews K">KL Matthews</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Coleman, Cm" uniqKey="Coleman C">CM Coleman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Der Meer, Y" uniqKey="Van Der Meer Y">Y van der Meer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Snijder, Ej" uniqKey="Snijder E">EJ Snijder</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Frieman, Mb" uniqKey="Frieman M">MB Frieman</name>
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</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Scobey, T" uniqKey="Scobey T">T Scobey</name>
</author>
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</biblStruct>
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</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zhao, J" uniqKey="Zhao J">J Zhao</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chan, Rw" uniqKey="Chan R">RW Chan</name>
</author>
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<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zielecki, F" uniqKey="Zielecki F">F Zielecki</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Faye, B" uniqKey="Faye B">B Faye</name>
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<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Menachery, Vd" uniqKey="Menachery V">VD Menachery</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cockrell, As" uniqKey="Cockrell A">AS Cockrell</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Li, K" uniqKey="Li K">K Li</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lamers, Mm" uniqKey="Lamers M">MM Lamers</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Siu, Kl" uniqKey="Siu K">KL Siu</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Miguel, E" uniqKey="Miguel E">E Miguel</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Guindon, S" uniqKey="Guindon S">S Guindon</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hemida, Mg" uniqKey="Hemida M">MG Hemida</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
</listBibl>
</div1>
</back>
</TEI>
</pmc>
<pubmed><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">MERS coronaviruses from camels in Africa exhibit region-dependent genetic diversity.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Chu, Daniel K W" sort="Chu, Daniel K W" uniqKey="Chu D" first="Daniel K W" last="Chu">Daniel K W. Chu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hui, Kenrie P Y" sort="Hui, Kenrie P Y" uniqKey="Hui K" first="Kenrie P Y" last="Hui">Kenrie P Y. Hui</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Perera, Ranawaka A P M" sort="Perera, Ranawaka A P M" uniqKey="Perera R" first="Ranawaka A P M" last="Perera">Ranawaka A P M. Perera</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:regionArea>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Miguel, Eve" sort="Miguel, Eve" uniqKey="Miguel E" first="Eve" last="Miguel">Eve Miguel</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Montpellier, F-34398 Montpellier, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Montpellier, F-34398 Montpellier</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Occitanie (région administrative)</region>
<region type="old region" nuts="2">Languedoc-Roussillon</region>
<settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Niemeyer, Daniela" sort="Niemeyer, Daniela" uniqKey="Niemeyer D" first="Daniela" last="Niemeyer">Daniela Niemeyer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Virology, Campus Charite Mitte, Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Virology, Campus Charite Mitte, Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="3">Berlin</region>
<settlement type="city">Berlin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhao, Jincun" sort="Zhao, Jincun" uniqKey="Zhao J" first="Jincun" last="Zhao">Jincun Zhao</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Iowa</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Channappanavar, Rudragouda" sort="Channappanavar, Rudragouda" uniqKey="Channappanavar R" first="Rudragouda" last="Channappanavar">Rudragouda Channappanavar</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Iowa</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dudas, Gytis" sort="Dudas, Gytis" uniqKey="Dudas G" first="Gytis" last="Dudas">Gytis Dudas</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Oladipo, Jamiu O" sort="Oladipo, Jamiu O" uniqKey="Oladipo J" first="Jamiu O" last="Oladipo">Jamiu O. Oladipo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Traore, Amadou" sort="Traore, Amadou" uniqKey="Traore A" first="Amadou" last="Traoré">Amadou Traoré</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratoire de Biologie et Santé Animals, L'Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles du Burkina Faso/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique, 04 BP 8645 Ouagadougou 04, Burkina Faso.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Burkina Faso</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire de Biologie et Santé Animals, L'Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles du Burkina Faso/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique, 04 BP 8645 Ouagadougou 04</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>04 BP 8645 Ouagadougou 04</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fassi Fihri, Ouafaa" sort="Fassi Fihri, Ouafaa" uniqKey="Fassi Fihri O" first="Ouafaa" last="Fassi-Fihri">Ouafaa Fassi-Fihri</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire, Hassan II Université, B.P. 6202 Rabat-Instituts, Rabat, Morocco.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Maroc</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire, Hassan II Université, B.P. 6202 Rabat-Instituts, Rabat</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rabat</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Rabat-Salé-Kénitra</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ali, Abraham" sort="Ali, Abraham" uniqKey="Ali A" first="Abraham" last="Ali">Abraham Ali</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Bacterial, Parasitic and Zoonotic Diseases Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Bacterial, Parasitic and Zoonotic Diseases Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Addis Ababa</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Demissie, Getnet F" sort="Demissie, Getnet F" uniqKey="Demissie G" first="Getnet F" last="Demissié">Getnet F. Demissié</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Veterinary Medecine, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>College of Veterinary Medecine, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Dire Dawa</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Muth, Doreen" sort="Muth, Doreen" uniqKey="Muth D" first="Doreen" last="Muth">Doreen Muth</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Virology, Campus Charite Mitte, Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Virology, Campus Charite Mitte, Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="3">Berlin</region>
<settlement type="city">Berlin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chan, Michael C W" sort="Chan, Michael C W" uniqKey="Chan M" first="Michael C W" last="Chan">Michael C W. Chan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nicholls, John M" sort="Nicholls, John M" uniqKey="Nicholls J" first="John M" last="Nicholls">John M. Nicholls</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meyerholz, David K" sort="Meyerholz, David K" uniqKey="Meyerholz D" first="David K" last="Meyerholz">David K. Meyerholz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Iowa</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kuranga, Sulyman A" sort="Kuranga, Sulyman A" uniqKey="Kuranga S" first="Sulyman A" last="Kuranga">Sulyman A. Kuranga</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Nigeria</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ilorin</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mamo, Gezahegne" sort="Mamo, Gezahegne" uniqKey="Mamo G" first="Gezahegne" last="Mamo">Gezahegne Mamo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Immunology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Immunology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bishoftu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhou, Ziqi" sort="Zhou, Ziqi" uniqKey="Zhou Z" first="Ziqi" last="Zhou">Ziqi Zhou</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="So, Ray T Y" sort="So, Ray T Y" uniqKey="So R" first="Ray T Y" last="So">Ray T Y. So</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hemida, Maged G" sort="Hemida, Maged G" uniqKey="Hemida M" first="Maged G" last="Hemida">Maged G. Hemida</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hasa, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hasa</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Al-Hasa</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Webby, Richard J" sort="Webby, Richard J" uniqKey="Webby R" first="Richard J" last="Webby">Richard J. Webby</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Tennessee</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Roger, Francois" sort="Roger, Francois" uniqKey="Roger F" first="Francois" last="Roger">Francois Roger</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Montpellier, F-34398 Montpellier, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Montpellier, F-34398 Montpellier</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Occitanie (région administrative)</region>
<region type="old region" nuts="2">Languedoc-Roussillon</region>
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</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rambaut, Andrew" sort="Rambaut, Andrew" uniqKey="Rambaut A" first="Andrew" last="Rambaut">Andrew Rambaut</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, EH9 2FL Edinburgh, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, EH9 2FL Edinburgh</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Poon, Leo L M" sort="Poon, Leo L M" uniqKey="Poon L" first="Leo L M" last="Poon">Leo L M. Poon</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Perlman, Stanley" sort="Perlman, Stanley" uniqKey="Perlman S" first="Stanley" last="Perlman">Stanley Perlman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Iowa</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Drosten, Christian" sort="Drosten, Christian" uniqKey="Drosten C" first="Christian" last="Drosten">Christian Drosten</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Virology, Campus Charite Mitte, Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Virology, Campus Charite Mitte, Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="3">Berlin</region>
<settlement type="city">Berlin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chevalier, Veronique" sort="Chevalier, Veronique" uniqKey="Chevalier V" first="Veronique" last="Chevalier">Veronique Chevalier</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Montpellier, F-34398 Montpellier, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Montpellier, F-34398 Montpellier</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Occitanie (région administrative)</region>
<region type="old region" nuts="2">Languedoc-Roussillon</region>
<settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peiris, Malik" sort="Peiris, Malik" uniqKey="Peiris M" first="Malik" last="Peiris">Malik Peiris</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Republic of China; malik@hku.hk.</nlm:affiliation>
<country wicri:rule="url">Hong Kong</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
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<date when="2018">2018</date>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">MERS coronaviruses from camels in Africa exhibit region-dependent genetic diversity.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Chu, Daniel K W" sort="Chu, Daniel K W" uniqKey="Chu D" first="Daniel K W" last="Chu">Daniel K W. Chu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hui, Kenrie P Y" sort="Hui, Kenrie P Y" uniqKey="Hui K" first="Kenrie P Y" last="Hui">Kenrie P Y. Hui</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Perera, Ranawaka A P M" sort="Perera, Ranawaka A P M" uniqKey="Perera R" first="Ranawaka A P M" last="Perera">Ranawaka A P M. Perera</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Miguel, Eve" sort="Miguel, Eve" uniqKey="Miguel E" first="Eve" last="Miguel">Eve Miguel</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Montpellier, F-34398 Montpellier</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Occitanie (région administrative)</region>
<region type="old region" nuts="2">Languedoc-Roussillon</region>
<settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Niemeyer, Daniela" sort="Niemeyer, Daniela" uniqKey="Niemeyer D" first="Daniela" last="Niemeyer">Daniela Niemeyer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Virology, Campus Charite Mitte, Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Virology, Campus Charite Mitte, Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="3">Berlin</region>
<settlement type="city">Berlin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhao, Jincun" sort="Zhao, Jincun" uniqKey="Zhao J" first="Jincun" last="Zhao">Jincun Zhao</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Iowa</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Channappanavar, Rudragouda" sort="Channappanavar, Rudragouda" uniqKey="Channappanavar R" first="Rudragouda" last="Channappanavar">Rudragouda Channappanavar</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Iowa</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dudas, Gytis" sort="Dudas, Gytis" uniqKey="Dudas G" first="Gytis" last="Dudas">Gytis Dudas</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Oladipo, Jamiu O" sort="Oladipo, Jamiu O" uniqKey="Oladipo J" first="Jamiu O" last="Oladipo">Jamiu O. Oladipo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Traore, Amadou" sort="Traore, Amadou" uniqKey="Traore A" first="Amadou" last="Traoré">Amadou Traoré</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Laboratoire de Biologie et Santé Animals, L'Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles du Burkina Faso/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique, 04 BP 8645 Ouagadougou 04, Burkina Faso.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Burkina Faso</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Laboratoire de Biologie et Santé Animals, L'Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles du Burkina Faso/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique, 04 BP 8645 Ouagadougou 04</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>04 BP 8645 Ouagadougou 04</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fassi Fihri, Ouafaa" sort="Fassi Fihri, Ouafaa" uniqKey="Fassi Fihri O" first="Ouafaa" last="Fassi-Fihri">Ouafaa Fassi-Fihri</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire, Hassan II Université, B.P. 6202 Rabat-Instituts, Rabat, Morocco.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Maroc</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire, Hassan II Université, B.P. 6202 Rabat-Instituts, Rabat</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Rabat</settlement>
<region nuts="2">Rabat-Salé-Kénitra</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ali, Abraham" sort="Ali, Abraham" uniqKey="Ali A" first="Abraham" last="Ali">Abraham Ali</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Bacterial, Parasitic and Zoonotic Diseases Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Bacterial, Parasitic and Zoonotic Diseases Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Addis Ababa</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Demissie, Getnet F" sort="Demissie, Getnet F" uniqKey="Demissie G" first="Getnet F" last="Demissié">Getnet F. Demissié</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>College of Veterinary Medecine, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>College of Veterinary Medecine, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Dire Dawa</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Muth, Doreen" sort="Muth, Doreen" uniqKey="Muth D" first="Doreen" last="Muth">Doreen Muth</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Virology, Campus Charite Mitte, Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Virology, Campus Charite Mitte, Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="3">Berlin</region>
<settlement type="city">Berlin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chan, Michael C W" sort="Chan, Michael C W" uniqKey="Chan M" first="Michael C W" last="Chan">Michael C W. Chan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nicholls, John M" sort="Nicholls, John M" uniqKey="Nicholls J" first="John M" last="Nicholls">John M. Nicholls</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Meyerholz, David K" sort="Meyerholz, David K" uniqKey="Meyerholz D" first="David K" last="Meyerholz">David K. Meyerholz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Iowa</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kuranga, Sulyman A" sort="Kuranga, Sulyman A" uniqKey="Kuranga S" first="Sulyman A" last="Kuranga">Sulyman A. Kuranga</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Nigeria</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Surgery, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ilorin</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mamo, Gezahegne" sort="Mamo, Gezahegne" uniqKey="Mamo G" first="Gezahegne" last="Mamo">Gezahegne Mamo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Immunology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Immunology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Bishoftu</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhou, Ziqi" sort="Zhou, Ziqi" uniqKey="Zhou Z" first="Ziqi" last="Zhou">Ziqi Zhou</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="So, Ray T Y" sort="So, Ray T Y" uniqKey="So R" first="Ray T Y" last="So">Ray T Y. So</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hemida, Maged G" sort="Hemida, Maged G" uniqKey="Hemida M" first="Maged G" last="Hemida">Maged G. Hemida</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hasa, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hasa</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Al-Hasa</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Webby, Richard J" sort="Webby, Richard J" uniqKey="Webby R" first="Richard J" last="Webby">Richard J. Webby</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Tennessee</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Roger, Francois" sort="Roger, Francois" uniqKey="Roger F" first="Francois" last="Roger">Francois Roger</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Montpellier, F-34398 Montpellier, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Montpellier, F-34398 Montpellier</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Occitanie (région administrative)</region>
<region type="old region" nuts="2">Languedoc-Roussillon</region>
<settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rambaut, Andrew" sort="Rambaut, Andrew" uniqKey="Rambaut A" first="Andrew" last="Rambaut">Andrew Rambaut</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, EH9 2FL Edinburgh, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, EH9 2FL Edinburgh</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Édimbourg</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Édimbourg</settlement>
<region type="country">Écosse</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Poon, Leo L M" sort="Poon, Leo L M" uniqKey="Poon L" first="Leo L M" last="Poon">Leo L M. Poon</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Perlman, Stanley" sort="Perlman, Stanley" uniqKey="Perlman S" first="Stanley" last="Perlman">Stanley Perlman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Iowa</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Drosten, Christian" sort="Drosten, Christian" uniqKey="Drosten C" first="Christian" last="Drosten">Christian Drosten</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Virology, Campus Charite Mitte, Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Virology, Campus Charite Mitte, Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="3">Berlin</region>
<settlement type="city">Berlin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chevalier, Veronique" sort="Chevalier, Veronique" uniqKey="Chevalier V" first="Veronique" last="Chevalier">Veronique Chevalier</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Montpellier, F-34398 Montpellier, France.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Montpellier, F-34398 Montpellier</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="region" nuts="2">Occitanie (région administrative)</region>
<region type="old region" nuts="2">Languedoc-Roussillon</region>
<settlement type="city">Montpellier</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Peiris, Malik" sort="Peiris, Malik" uniqKey="Peiris M" first="Malik" last="Peiris">Malik Peiris</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Republic of China; malik@hku.hk.</nlm:affiliation>
<country wicri:rule="url">Hong Kong</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1091-6490</idno>
<imprint><date when="2018" type="published">2018</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Africa</term>
<term>Animals</term>
<term>Camelus (virology)</term>
<term>Coronavirus Infections (veterinary)</term>
<term>Coronavirus Infections (virology)</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Genetic Variation</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Lung (virology)</term>
<term>Mice, Inbred C57BL</term>
<term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (genetics)</term>
<term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (pathogenicity)</term>
<term>Phylogeny</term>
<term>Virus Replication</term>
<term>Zoonoses (virology)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Afrique</term>
<term>Animaux</term>
<term>Chameaux (virologie)</term>
<term>Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (génétique)</term>
<term>Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (pathogénicité)</term>
<term>Femelle</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Infections à coronavirus (médecine vétérinaire)</term>
<term>Infections à coronavirus (virologie)</term>
<term>Phylogénie</term>
<term>Poumon (virologie)</term>
<term>Réplication virale</term>
<term>Souris de lignée C57BL</term>
<term>Variation génétique</term>
<term>Zoonoses (virologie)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="médecine vétérinaire" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections à coronavirus</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathogenicity" xml:lang="en"><term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathogénicité" xml:lang="fr"><term>Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="veterinary" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Chameaux</term>
<term>Infections à coronavirus</term>
<term>Poumon</term>
<term>Zoonoses</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virology" xml:lang="en"><term>Camelus</term>
<term>Coronavirus Infections</term>
<term>Lung</term>
<term>Zoonoses</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Africa</term>
<term>Animals</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Genetic Variation</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Mice, Inbred C57BL</term>
<term>Phylogeny</term>
<term>Virus Replication</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Afrique</term>
<term>Animaux</term>
<term>Femelle</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Phylogénie</term>
<term>Réplication virale</term>
<term>Souris de lignée C57BL</term>
<term>Variation génétique</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
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</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes a zoonotic respiratory disease of global public health concern, and dromedary camels are the only proven source of zoonotic infection. Although MERS-CoV infection is ubiquitous in dromedaries across Africa as well as in the Arabian Peninsula, zoonotic disease appears confined to the Arabian Peninsula. MERS-CoVs from Africa have hitherto been poorly studied. We genetically and phenotypically characterized MERS-CoV from dromedaries sampled in Morocco, Burkina Faso, Nigeria, and Ethiopia. Viruses from Africa (clade C) are phylogenetically distinct from contemporary viruses from the Arabian Peninsula (clades A and B) but remain antigenically similar in microneutralization tests. Viruses from West (Nigeria, Burkina Faso) and North (Morocco) Africa form a subclade, C1, that shares clade-defining genetic signatures including deletions in the accessory gene <i>ORF4b</i>
Compared with human and camel MERS-CoV from Saudi Arabia, virus isolates from Burkina Faso (BF785) and Nigeria (Nig1657) had lower virus replication competence in Calu-3 cells and in ex vivo cultures of human bronchus and lung. BF785 replicated to lower titer in lungs of human DPP4-transduced mice. A reverse genetics-derived recombinant MERS-CoV (EMC) lacking <i>ORF4b</i>
elicited higher type I and III IFN responses than the isogenic EMC virus in Calu-3 cells. However, <i>ORF4b</i>
deletions may not be the major determinant of the reduced replication competence of BF785 and Nig1657. Genetic and phenotypic differences in West African viruses may be relevant to zoonotic potential. There is an urgent need for studies of MERS-CoV at the animal-human interface.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
</pubmed>
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