MERS coronaviruses from camels in Africa exhibit region-dependent genetic diversity
Identifieur interne : 000545 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000544; suivant : 000546MERS coronaviruses from camels in Africa exhibit region-dependent genetic diversity
Auteurs : Daniel K. W. Chu [République populaire de Chine] ; Kenrie P. Y. Hui [République populaire de Chine] ; Ranawaka A. P. M. Perera [République populaire de Chine] ; Eve Miguel [France] ; Daniela Niemeyer [Allemagne] ; Jincun Zhao [République populaire de Chine] ; Rudragouda Channappanavar ; Gytis Dudas ; Jamiu O. Oladipo [République populaire de Chine, Nigeria] ; Amadou Traoré [Burkina Faso] ; Ouafaa Fassi-Fihri [Maroc] ; Abraham Ali [Éthiopie] ; Getnet F. Demissié [Éthiopie] ; Doreen Muth [Allemagne] ; Michael C. W. Chan [République populaire de Chine] ; John M. Nicholls [République populaire de Chine] ; David K. Meyerholz ; Sulyman A. Kuranga [Nigeria] ; Gezahegne Mamo [Éthiopie] ; Ziqi Zhou [République populaire de Chine] ; Ray T. Y. So [République populaire de Chine] ; Maged G. Hemida [Arabie saoudite, Égypte] ; Richard J. Webby ; Francois Roger [France, Thaïlande] ; Andrew Rambaut [Royaume-Uni] ; Leo L. M. Poon [République populaire de Chine] ; Stanley Perlman ; Christian Drosten [Allemagne] ; Veronique Chevalier [France, Cambodge] ; Malik Peiris [République populaire de Chine]Source :
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [ 0027-8424 ] ; 2018.
Abstract
Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a zoonotic disease of global health concern, and dromedary camels are the source of human infection. Although Africa has the largest number of dromedary camels, and MERS-coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is endemic in these camels, locally acquired zoonotic MERS is not reported from Africa. However, little is known of the genetic or phenotypic characterization of MERS-CoV from Africa. In this study we characterize MERS-CoV from Burkina Faso, Nigeria, Morocco, and Ethiopia. We demonstrate viral genetic and phenotypic differences in viruses from West Africa, which may be relevant to differences in zoonotic potential, highlighting the need for studies of MERS-CoV at the animal–human interface.
Url:
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1718769115
PubMed: 29507189
PubMed Central: 5866576
Affiliations:
- Allemagne, Arabie saoudite, Burkina Faso, Cambodge, France, Maroc, Nigeria, Royaume-Uni, République populaire de Chine, Thaïlande, Égypte, Éthiopie
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Oladipo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine,<institution>The University of Hong Kong</institution>, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,<country>Republic of China</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8">Department of Surgery, Faculty of Clinical Sciences,<institution>University of Ilorin</institution>, Ilorin,<country>Nigeria</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Nigeria</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Traore, Amadou" sort="Traore, Amadou" uniqKey="Traore A" first="Amadou" last="Traoré">Amadou Traoré</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9">Laboratoire de Biologie et Santé Animals,<institution>L'Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles du Burkina Faso/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique</institution>, 04 BP 8645 Ouagadougou 04,<country>Burkina Faso</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Burkina Faso</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fassi Fihri, Ouafaa" sort="Fassi Fihri, Ouafaa" uniqKey="Fassi Fihri O" first="Ouafaa" last="Fassi-Fihri">Ouafaa Fassi-Fihri</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10">Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire,<institution>Hassan II Université</institution>, B.P. 6202 Rabat-Instituts, Rabat,<country>Morocco</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Maroc</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ali, Abraham" sort="Ali, Abraham" uniqKey="Ali A" first="Abraham" last="Ali">Abraham Ali</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff11">Bacterial, Parasitic and Zoonotic Diseases Research Directorate,<institution>Ethiopian Public Health Institute</institution>, Addis Ababa,<country>Ethiopia</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Demissie, Getnet F" sort="Demissie, Getnet F" uniqKey="Demissie G" first="Getnet F." last="Demissié">Getnet F. Demissié</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff12">College of Veterinary Medecine,<institution>Haramaya University</institution>, Dire Dawa,<country>Ethiopia</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muth, Doreen" sort="Muth, Doreen" uniqKey="Muth D" first="Doreen" last="Muth">Doreen Muth</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Institute of Virology, Campus Charite Mitte,<institution>Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin</institution>, 10117 Berlin,<country>Germany</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, Michael C W" sort="Chan, Michael C W" uniqKey="Chan M" first="Michael C. W." last="Chan">Michael C. W. Chan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine,<institution>The University of Hong Kong</institution>, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,<country>Republic of China</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nicholls, John M" sort="Nicholls, John M" uniqKey="Nicholls J" first="John M." last="Nicholls">John M. Nicholls</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff13">Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine,<institution>The University of Hong Kong</institution>, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,<country>China</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meyerholz, David K" sort="Meyerholz, David K" uniqKey="Meyerholz D" first="David K." last="Meyerholz">David K. Meyerholz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff14">Department of Pathology,<institution>University of Iowa</institution>, Iowa City,<addr-line>IA</addr-line> 52242;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuranga, Sulyman A" sort="Kuranga, Sulyman A" uniqKey="Kuranga S" first="Sulyman A." last="Kuranga">Sulyman A. Kuranga</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8">Department of Surgery, Faculty of Clinical Sciences,<institution>University of Ilorin</institution>, Ilorin,<country>Nigeria</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Nigeria</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mamo, Gezahegne" sort="Mamo, Gezahegne" uniqKey="Mamo G" first="Gezahegne" last="Mamo">Gezahegne Mamo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff15">Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Immunology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture,<institution>Addis Ababa University</institution>, Bishoftu,<country>Ethiopia</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhou, Ziqi" sort="Zhou, Ziqi" uniqKey="Zhou Z" first="Ziqi" last="Zhou">Ziqi Zhou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine,<institution>The University of Hong Kong</institution>, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,<country>Republic of China</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="So, Ray T Y" sort="So, Ray T Y" uniqKey="So R" first="Ray T. Y." last="So">Ray T. Y. So</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine,<institution>The University of Hong Kong</institution>, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,<country>Republic of China</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hemida, Maged G" sort="Hemida, Maged G" uniqKey="Hemida M" first="Maged G." last="Hemida">Maged G. Hemida</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff16">Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary<institution>Medicine, King Faisal University</institution>, Al-Hasa,<country>Saudi Arabia</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff17">Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,<institution>Kafrelsheikh University</institution>, Kafrelsheikh,<country>Egypt</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Webby, Richard J" sort="Webby, Richard J" uniqKey="Webby R" first="Richard J." last="Webby">Richard J. Webby</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff18">Department of Infectious Diseases,<institution>St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital</institution>, Memphis,<addr-line>TN</addr-line> 38105;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roger, Francois" sort="Roger, Francois" uniqKey="Roger F" first="Francois" last="Roger">Francois Roger</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique,<institution>Université de Montpellier</institution>, F-34398 Montpellier,<country>France</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff19"><institution>Kasetsart University</institution>, 10900 Bangkok,<country>Thailand</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Thaïlande</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rambaut, Andrew" sort="Rambaut, Andrew" uniqKey="Rambaut A" first="Andrew" last="Rambaut">Andrew Rambaut</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff20">Institute of Evolutionary Biology,<institution>University of Edinburgh</institution>, EH9 2FL Edinburgh,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff21">Fogarty International Center,<institution>National Institutes of Health</institution>, Bethesda,<addr-line>MD</addr-line> 20892;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Poon, Leo L M" sort="Poon, Leo L M" uniqKey="Poon L" first="Leo L. M." last="Poon">Leo L. M. Poon</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine,<institution>The University of Hong Kong</institution>, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,<country>Republic of China</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perlman, Stanley" sort="Perlman, Stanley" uniqKey="Perlman S" first="Stanley" last="Perlman">Stanley Perlman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Department of Microbiology and Immunology,<institution>University of Iowa</institution>, Iowa City,<addr-line>IA</addr-line> 52242;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Drosten, Christian" sort="Drosten, Christian" uniqKey="Drosten C" first="Christian" last="Drosten">Christian Drosten</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Institute of Virology, Campus Charite Mitte,<institution>Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin</institution>, 10117 Berlin,<country>Germany</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chevalier, Veronique" sort="Chevalier, Veronique" uniqKey="Chevalier V" first="Veronique" last="Chevalier">Veronique Chevalier</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique,<institution>Université de Montpellier</institution>, F-34398 Montpellier,<country>France</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff22"><institution>Institut Pasteur du Cambodge</institution>, Phnom Penh,<country>Cambodia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Cambodge</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peiris, Malik" sort="Peiris, Malik" uniqKey="Peiris M" first="Malik" last="Peiris">Malik Peiris</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine,<institution>The University of Hong Kong</institution>, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,<country>Republic of China</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">29507189</idno><idno type="pmc">5866576</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5866576</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:5866576</idno><idno type="doi">10.1073/pnas.1718769115</idno><date when="2018">2018</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001127</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001127</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">001127</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">001127</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000545</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000545</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">MERS coronaviruses from camels in Africa exhibit region-dependent genetic diversity</title><author><name sortKey="Chu, Daniel K W" sort="Chu, Daniel K W" uniqKey="Chu D" first="Daniel K. W." last="Chu">Daniel K. W. Chu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine,<institution>The University of Hong Kong</institution>, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,<country>Republic of China</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hui, Kenrie P Y" sort="Hui, Kenrie P Y" uniqKey="Hui K" first="Kenrie P. Y." last="Hui">Kenrie P. Y. Hui</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine,<institution>The University of Hong Kong</institution>, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,<country>Republic of China</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perera, Ranawaka A P M" sort="Perera, Ranawaka A P M" uniqKey="Perera R" first="Ranawaka A. P. M." last="Perera">Ranawaka A. P. M. Perera</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine,<institution>The University of Hong Kong</institution>, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,<country>Republic of China</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Miguel, Eve" sort="Miguel, Eve" uniqKey="Miguel E" first="Eve" last="Miguel">Eve Miguel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique,<institution>Université de Montpellier</institution>, F-34398 Montpellier,<country>France</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, L'Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, CNRS,<institution>Universitè de Montpellier</institution>, F-34398 Montpellier,<country>France</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Niemeyer, Daniela" sort="Niemeyer, Daniela" uniqKey="Niemeyer D" first="Daniela" last="Niemeyer">Daniela Niemeyer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Institute of Virology, Campus Charite Mitte,<institution>Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin</institution>, 10117 Berlin,<country>Germany</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, Jincun" sort="Zhao, Jincun" uniqKey="Zhao J" first="Jincun" last="Zhao">Jincun Zhao</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Department of Microbiology and Immunology,<institution>University of Iowa</institution>, Iowa City,<addr-line>IA</addr-line> 52242;</nlm:aff></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6">State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease,<institution>The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University</institution>, Guangdong,<country>Republic of China</country> 510000;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Channappanavar, Rudragouda" sort="Channappanavar, Rudragouda" uniqKey="Channappanavar R" first="Rudragouda" last="Channappanavar">Rudragouda Channappanavar</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Department of Microbiology and Immunology,<institution>University of Iowa</institution>, Iowa City,<addr-line>IA</addr-line> 52242;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dudas, Gytis" sort="Dudas, Gytis" uniqKey="Dudas G" first="Gytis" last="Dudas">Gytis Dudas</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff7">Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division,<institution>Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center</institution>, Seattle,<addr-line>WA</addr-line> 98109;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oladipo, Jamiu O" sort="Oladipo, Jamiu O" uniqKey="Oladipo J" first="Jamiu O." last="Oladipo">Jamiu O. Oladipo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine,<institution>The University of Hong Kong</institution>, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,<country>Republic of China</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8">Department of Surgery, Faculty of Clinical Sciences,<institution>University of Ilorin</institution>, Ilorin,<country>Nigeria</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Nigeria</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Traore, Amadou" sort="Traore, Amadou" uniqKey="Traore A" first="Amadou" last="Traoré">Amadou Traoré</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9">Laboratoire de Biologie et Santé Animals,<institution>L'Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles du Burkina Faso/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique</institution>, 04 BP 8645 Ouagadougou 04,<country>Burkina Faso</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Burkina Faso</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fassi Fihri, Ouafaa" sort="Fassi Fihri, Ouafaa" uniqKey="Fassi Fihri O" first="Ouafaa" last="Fassi-Fihri">Ouafaa Fassi-Fihri</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10">Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire,<institution>Hassan II Université</institution>, B.P. 6202 Rabat-Instituts, Rabat,<country>Morocco</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Maroc</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ali, Abraham" sort="Ali, Abraham" uniqKey="Ali A" first="Abraham" last="Ali">Abraham Ali</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff11">Bacterial, Parasitic and Zoonotic Diseases Research Directorate,<institution>Ethiopian Public Health Institute</institution>, Addis Ababa,<country>Ethiopia</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Demissie, Getnet F" sort="Demissie, Getnet F" uniqKey="Demissie G" first="Getnet F." last="Demissié">Getnet F. Demissié</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff12">College of Veterinary Medecine,<institution>Haramaya University</institution>, Dire Dawa,<country>Ethiopia</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muth, Doreen" sort="Muth, Doreen" uniqKey="Muth D" first="Doreen" last="Muth">Doreen Muth</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Institute of Virology, Campus Charite Mitte,<institution>Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin</institution>, 10117 Berlin,<country>Germany</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, Michael C W" sort="Chan, Michael C W" uniqKey="Chan M" first="Michael C. W." last="Chan">Michael C. W. Chan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine,<institution>The University of Hong Kong</institution>, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,<country>Republic of China</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nicholls, John M" sort="Nicholls, John M" uniqKey="Nicholls J" first="John M." last="Nicholls">John M. Nicholls</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff13">Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine,<institution>The University of Hong Kong</institution>, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,<country>China</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meyerholz, David K" sort="Meyerholz, David K" uniqKey="Meyerholz D" first="David K." last="Meyerholz">David K. Meyerholz</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff14">Department of Pathology,<institution>University of Iowa</institution>, Iowa City,<addr-line>IA</addr-line> 52242;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuranga, Sulyman A" sort="Kuranga, Sulyman A" uniqKey="Kuranga S" first="Sulyman A." last="Kuranga">Sulyman A. Kuranga</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8">Department of Surgery, Faculty of Clinical Sciences,<institution>University of Ilorin</institution>, Ilorin,<country>Nigeria</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Nigeria</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mamo, Gezahegne" sort="Mamo, Gezahegne" uniqKey="Mamo G" first="Gezahegne" last="Mamo">Gezahegne Mamo</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff15">Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Immunology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture,<institution>Addis Ababa University</institution>, Bishoftu,<country>Ethiopia</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhou, Ziqi" sort="Zhou, Ziqi" uniqKey="Zhou Z" first="Ziqi" last="Zhou">Ziqi Zhou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine,<institution>The University of Hong Kong</institution>, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,<country>Republic of China</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="So, Ray T Y" sort="So, Ray T Y" uniqKey="So R" first="Ray T. Y." last="So">Ray T. Y. So</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine,<institution>The University of Hong Kong</institution>, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,<country>Republic of China</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hemida, Maged G" sort="Hemida, Maged G" uniqKey="Hemida M" first="Maged G." last="Hemida">Maged G. Hemida</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff16">Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary<institution>Medicine, King Faisal University</institution>, Al-Hasa,<country>Saudi Arabia</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff17">Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,<institution>Kafrelsheikh University</institution>, Kafrelsheikh,<country>Egypt</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Égypte</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Webby, Richard J" sort="Webby, Richard J" uniqKey="Webby R" first="Richard J." last="Webby">Richard J. Webby</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff18">Department of Infectious Diseases,<institution>St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital</institution>, Memphis,<addr-line>TN</addr-line> 38105;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roger, Francois" sort="Roger, Francois" uniqKey="Roger F" first="Francois" last="Roger">Francois Roger</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique,<institution>Université de Montpellier</institution>, F-34398 Montpellier,<country>France</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff19"><institution>Kasetsart University</institution>, 10900 Bangkok,<country>Thailand</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Thaïlande</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rambaut, Andrew" sort="Rambaut, Andrew" uniqKey="Rambaut A" first="Andrew" last="Rambaut">Andrew Rambaut</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff20">Institute of Evolutionary Biology,<institution>University of Edinburgh</institution>, EH9 2FL Edinburgh,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff21">Fogarty International Center,<institution>National Institutes of Health</institution>, Bethesda,<addr-line>MD</addr-line> 20892;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Poon, Leo L M" sort="Poon, Leo L M" uniqKey="Poon L" first="Leo L. M." last="Poon">Leo L. M. Poon</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine,<institution>The University of Hong Kong</institution>, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,<country>Republic of China</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perlman, Stanley" sort="Perlman, Stanley" uniqKey="Perlman S" first="Stanley" last="Perlman">Stanley Perlman</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff5">Department of Microbiology and Immunology,<institution>University of Iowa</institution>, Iowa City,<addr-line>IA</addr-line> 52242;</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Drosten, Christian" sort="Drosten, Christian" uniqKey="Drosten C" first="Christian" last="Drosten">Christian Drosten</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Institute of Virology, Campus Charite Mitte,<institution>Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin</institution>, 10117 Berlin,<country>Germany</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chevalier, Veronique" sort="Chevalier, Veronique" uniqKey="Chevalier V" first="Veronique" last="Chevalier">Veronique Chevalier</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique,<institution>Université de Montpellier</institution>, F-34398 Montpellier,<country>France</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">France</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff22"><institution>Institut Pasteur du Cambodge</institution>, Phnom Penh,<country>Cambodia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Cambodge</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peiris, Malik" sort="Peiris, Malik" uniqKey="Peiris M" first="Malik" last="Peiris">Malik Peiris</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine,<institution>The University of Hong Kong</institution>, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,<country>Republic of China</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</title><idno type="ISSN">0027-8424</idno><idno type="eISSN">1091-6490</idno><imprint><date when="2018">2018</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><title>Significance</title><p>Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a zoonotic disease of global health concern, and dromedary camels are the source of human infection. Although Africa has the largest number of dromedary camels, and MERS-coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is endemic in these camels, locally acquired zoonotic MERS is not reported from Africa. However, little is known of the genetic or phenotypic characterization of MERS-CoV from Africa. In this study we characterize MERS-CoV from Burkina Faso, Nigeria, Morocco, and Ethiopia. We demonstrate viral genetic and phenotypic differences in viruses from West Africa, which may be relevant to differences in zoonotic potential, highlighting the need for studies of MERS-CoV at the animal–human interface.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Al Tawfiq, Ja" uniqKey="Al Tawfiq J">JA Al-Tawfiq</name></author><author><name sortKey="Perl, Tm" uniqKey="Perl T">TM Perl</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Haagmans, Bl" uniqKey="Haagmans B">BL Haagmans</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Reusken, Cb" uniqKey="Reusken C">CB Reusken</name></author><author><name sortKey="Raj, Vs" uniqKey="Raj V">VS Raj</name></author><author><name sortKey="Koopmans, Mp" uniqKey="Koopmans M">MP Koopmans</name></author><author><name sortKey="Haagmans, Bl" uniqKey="Haagmans B">BL Haagmans</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chu, Dk" uniqKey="Chu D">DK Chu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chu, Dk" uniqKey="Chu D">DK Chu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Miguel, E" uniqKey="Miguel E">E Miguel</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ithete, Nl" uniqKey="Ithete N">NL Ithete</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Thornbrough, Jm" uniqKey="Thornbrough J">JM Thornbrough</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yang, Y" uniqKey="Yang Y">Y Yang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Matthews, Kl" uniqKey="Matthews K">KL Matthews</name></author><author><name sortKey="Coleman, Cm" uniqKey="Coleman C">CM Coleman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Der Meer, Y" uniqKey="Van Der Meer Y">Y van der Meer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Snijder, Ej" uniqKey="Snijder E">EJ Snijder</name></author><author><name sortKey="Frieman, Mb" uniqKey="Frieman M">MB Frieman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Scobey, T" uniqKey="Scobey T">T Scobey</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Haagmans, Bl" uniqKey="Haagmans B">BL Haagmans</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zhao, J" uniqKey="Zhao J">J Zhao</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chan, Rw" uniqKey="Chan R">RW Chan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zielecki, F" uniqKey="Zielecki F">F Zielecki</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Faye, B" uniqKey="Faye B">B Faye</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Menachery, Vd" uniqKey="Menachery V">VD Menachery</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cockrell, As" uniqKey="Cockrell A">AS Cockrell</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Li, K" uniqKey="Li K">K Li</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lamers, Mm" uniqKey="Lamers M">MM Lamers</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Siu, Kl" uniqKey="Siu K">KL Siu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Miguel, E" uniqKey="Miguel E">E Miguel</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Guindon, S" uniqKey="Guindon S">S Guindon</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hemida, Mg" uniqKey="Hemida M">MG Hemida</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">pnas</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">pnas</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">PNAS</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">0027-8424</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1091-6490</issn><publisher><publisher-name>National Academy of Sciences</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">29507189</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5866576</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">201718769</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1073/pnas.1718769115</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Biological Sciences</subject><subj-group><subject>Microbiology</subject></subj-group></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>MERS coronaviruses from camels in Africa exhibit region-dependent genetic diversity</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chu</surname><given-names>Daniel K. W.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hui</surname><given-names>Kenrie P. Y.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Perera</surname><given-names>Ranawaka A. P. M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Miguel</surname><given-names>Eve</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>b</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>c</sup></xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Niemeyer</surname><given-names>Daniela</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>d</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zhao</surname><given-names>Jincun</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>e</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff6"><sup>f</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Channappanavar</surname><given-names>Rudragouda</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>e</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dudas</surname><given-names>Gytis</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff7"><sup>g</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Oladipo</surname><given-names>Jamiu O.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"><sup>h</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Traoré</surname><given-names>Amadou</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff9"><sup>i</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Fassi-Fihri</surname><given-names>Ouafaa</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff10"><sup>j</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ali</surname><given-names>Abraham</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff11"><sup>k</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Demissié</surname><given-names>Getnet F.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff12"><sup>l</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Muth</surname><given-names>Doreen</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>d</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chan</surname><given-names>Michael C. W.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Nicholls</surname><given-names>John M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff13"><sup>m</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Meyerholz</surname><given-names>David K.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff14"><sup>n</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kuranga</surname><given-names>Sulyman A.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff8"><sup>h</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Mamo</surname><given-names>Gezahegne</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff15"><sup>o</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zhou</surname><given-names>Ziqi</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>So</surname><given-names>Ray T. Y.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hemida</surname><given-names>Maged G.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff16"><sup>p</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff17"><sup>q</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Webby</surname><given-names>Richard J.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff18"><sup>r</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Roger</surname><given-names>Francois</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>b</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff19"><sup>s</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Rambaut</surname><given-names>Andrew</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff20"><sup>t</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff21"><sup>u</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Poon</surname><given-names>Leo L. M.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="false">http://orcid.org/0000-0003-4213-2354</contrib-id><name><surname>Perlman</surname><given-names>Stanley</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff5"><sup>e</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Drosten</surname><given-names>Christian</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>d</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chevalier</surname><given-names>Veronique</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>b</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff22"><sup>v</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Peiris</surname><given-names>Malik</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><aff id="aff1"><sup>a</sup>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine,<institution>The University of Hong Kong</institution>, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,<country>Republic of China</country>;</aff><aff id="aff2"><sup>b</sup>Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique,<institution>Université de Montpellier</institution>, F-34398 Montpellier,<country>France</country>;</aff><aff id="aff3"><sup>c</sup>Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, L'Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, CNRS,<institution>Universitè de Montpellier</institution>, F-34398 Montpellier,<country>France</country>;</aff><aff id="aff4"><sup>d</sup>Institute of Virology, Campus Charite Mitte,<institution>Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin</institution>, 10117 Berlin,<country>Germany</country>;</aff><aff id="aff5"><sup>e</sup>Department of Microbiology and Immunology,<institution>University of Iowa</institution>, Iowa City,<addr-line>IA</addr-line> 52242;</aff><aff id="aff6"><sup>f</sup>State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease,<institution>The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University</institution>, Guangdong,<country>Republic of China</country> 510000;</aff><aff id="aff7"><sup>g</sup>Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division,<institution>Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center</institution>, Seattle,<addr-line>WA</addr-line> 98109;</aff><aff id="aff8"><sup>h</sup>Department of Surgery, Faculty of Clinical Sciences,<institution>University of Ilorin</institution>, Ilorin,<country>Nigeria</country>;</aff><aff id="aff9"><sup>i</sup>Laboratoire de Biologie et Santé Animals,<institution>L'Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles du Burkina Faso/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique</institution>, 04 BP 8645 Ouagadougou 04,<country>Burkina Faso</country>;</aff><aff id="aff10"><sup>j</sup>Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire,<institution>Hassan II Université</institution>, B.P. 6202 Rabat-Instituts, Rabat,<country>Morocco</country>;</aff><aff id="aff11"><sup>k</sup>Bacterial, Parasitic and Zoonotic Diseases Research Directorate,<institution>Ethiopian Public Health Institute</institution>, Addis Ababa,<country>Ethiopia</country>;</aff><aff id="aff12"><sup>l</sup>College of Veterinary Medecine,<institution>Haramaya University</institution>, Dire Dawa,<country>Ethiopia</country>;</aff><aff id="aff13"><sup>m</sup>Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine,<institution>The University of Hong Kong</institution>, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region,<country>China</country>;</aff><aff id="aff14"><sup>n</sup>Department of Pathology,<institution>University of Iowa</institution>, Iowa City,<addr-line>IA</addr-line> 52242;</aff><aff id="aff15"><sup>o</sup>Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Immunology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture,<institution>Addis Ababa University</institution>, Bishoftu,<country>Ethiopia</country>;</aff><aff id="aff16"><sup>p</sup>Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary<institution>Medicine, King Faisal University</institution>, Al-Hasa,<country>Saudi Arabia</country>;</aff><aff id="aff17"><sup>q</sup>Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine,<institution>Kafrelsheikh University</institution>, Kafrelsheikh,<country>Egypt</country>;</aff><aff id="aff18"><sup>r</sup>Department of Infectious Diseases,<institution>St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital</institution>, Memphis,<addr-line>TN</addr-line> 38105;</aff><aff id="aff19"><sup>s</sup><institution>Kasetsart University</institution>, 10900 Bangkok,<country>Thailand</country>;</aff><aff id="aff20"><sup>t</sup>Institute of Evolutionary Biology,<institution>University of Edinburgh</institution>, EH9 2FL Edinburgh,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</aff><aff id="aff21"><sup>u</sup>Fogarty International Center,<institution>National Institutes of Health</institution>, Bethesda,<addr-line>MD</addr-line> 20892;</aff><aff id="aff22"><sup>v</sup><institution>Institut Pasteur du Cambodge</institution>, Phnom Penh,<country>Cambodia</country></aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><sup>2</sup>To whom correspondence should be addressed. Email: <email>malik@hku.hk</email>.</corresp><fn fn-type="edited-by"><p>Contributed by Malik Peiris, February 6, 2018 (sent for review November 3, 2017; reviewed by Stephen S. Morse and Vincent J. Munster)</p></fn><fn fn-type="con"><p>Author contributions: R.J.W., F.R., L.L.M.P., S.P., V.C., and M.P. designed research; D.K.W.C., K.P.Y.H., R.A.P.M.P., E.M., D.N., J.Z., R.C., J.O.O., A.T., O.F.-F., A.A., G.F.D., D.M., M.C.W.C., J.M.N., D.K.M., S.A.K., G.M., Z.Z., R.T.Y.S., M.G.H., and C.D. performed research; C.D. contributed new reagents/analytic tools; G.D., A.R., and M.P. analyzed data; and L.L.M.P., S.P., and M.P. wrote the paper.</p></fn><fn fn-type="con"><p>Reviewers: S.S.M., Columbia University; and V.J.M., National Institutes of Health.</p></fn><fn fn-type="equal" id="fn1"><p><sup>1</sup>D.K.W.C., K.P.Y.H., R.A.P.M.P., and E.M. contributed equally to this work.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>20</day><month>3</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>5</day><month>3</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>5</day><month>3</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 0 months and 0 days and was based on the
<volume>115</volume><issue>12</issue><fpage>3144</fpage><lpage>3149</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2018 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"><ali:license_ref specific-use="vor"></ali:license_ref><license-p>This open access article is distributed under <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/">Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License 4.0 (CC BY-NC-ND)</ext-link>.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:title="pdf" xlink:href="pnas.201718769.pdf"></self-uri><abstract abstract-type="executive-summary"><title>Significance</title><p>Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS) is a zoonotic disease of global health concern, and dromedary camels are the source of human infection. Although Africa has the largest number of dromedary camels, and MERS-coronavirus (MERS-CoV) is endemic in these camels, locally acquired zoonotic MERS is not reported from Africa. However, little is known of the genetic or phenotypic characterization of MERS-CoV from Africa. In this study we characterize MERS-CoV from Burkina Faso, Nigeria, Morocco, and Ethiopia. We demonstrate viral genetic and phenotypic differences in viruses from West Africa, which may be relevant to differences in zoonotic potential, highlighting the need for studies of MERS-CoV at the animal–human interface.</p></abstract><abstract><p>Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes a zoonotic respiratory disease of global public health concern, and dromedary camels are the only proven source of zoonotic infection. Although MERS-CoV infection is ubiquitous in dromedaries across Africa as well as in the Arabian Peninsula, zoonotic disease appears confined to the Arabian Peninsula. MERS-CoVs from Africa have hitherto been poorly studied. We genetically and phenotypically characterized MERS-CoV from dromedaries sampled in Morocco, Burkina Faso, Nigeria, and Ethiopia. Viruses from Africa (clade C) are phylogenetically distinct from contemporary viruses from the Arabian Peninsula (clades A and B) but remain antigenically similar in microneutralization tests. Viruses from West (Nigeria, Burkina Faso) and North (Morocco) Africa form a subclade, C1, that shares clade-defining genetic signatures including deletions in the accessory gene <italic>ORF4b</italic>. Compared with human and camel MERS-CoV from Saudi Arabia, virus isolates from Burkina Faso (BF785) and Nigeria (Nig1657) had lower virus replication competence in Calu-3 cells and in ex vivo cultures of human bronchus and lung. BF785 replicated to lower titer in lungs of human DPP4-transduced mice. A reverse genetics-derived recombinant MERS-CoV (EMC) lacking <italic>ORF4b</italic> elicited higher type I and III IFN responses than the isogenic EMC virus in Calu-3 cells. However, <italic>ORF4b</italic> deletions may not be the major determinant of the reduced replication competence of BF785 and Nig1657. Genetic and phenotypic differences in West African viruses may be relevant to zoonotic potential. There is an urgent need for studies of MERS-CoV at the animal–human interface.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>MERS</kwd><kwd>coronavirus</kwd><kwd>evolution</kwd><kwd>Africa</kwd><kwd>zoonosis</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group id="gs1"><funding-source id="sp1">US National Institutes of Health</funding-source><award-id rid="sp1">HHSN272201400006C</award-id></award-group><award-group id="gs2"><funding-source id="sp2">US National Institutes of Health</funding-source><award-id rid="sp2">PO1 AI060699</award-id></award-group><award-group id="gs3"><funding-source id="sp3">Commisioned Grant from the Health and Medical Research Fund, Food & Health Bureau, Hong Kong</funding-source><award-id rid="sp3">Nil</award-id></award-group><award-group id="gs4"><funding-source id="sp4">Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)<named-content content-type="funder-id">501100001659</named-content></funding-source><award-id rid="sp4">DR772/12-1</award-id></award-group><award-group id="gs5"><funding-source id="sp5">Wellcome Trust</funding-source><award-id rid="sp5">206298</award-id></award-group><award-group id="gs6"><funding-source id="sp6">Mahen Postdoctoral Fellowship, Fred Huthinson Cancer Center</funding-source><award-id rid="sp6">Nil</award-id></award-group></funding-group><counts><page-count count="6"></page-count></counts></article-meta></front></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li><li>Arabie saoudite</li><li>Burkina Faso</li><li>Cambodge</li><li>France</li><li>Maroc</li><li>Nigeria</li><li>Royaume-Uni</li><li>République populaire de Chine</li><li>Thaïlande</li><li>Égypte</li><li>Éthiopie</li></country></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Channappanavar, Rudragouda" sort="Channappanavar, Rudragouda" uniqKey="Channappanavar R" first="Rudragouda" last="Channappanavar">Rudragouda Channappanavar</name><name sortKey="Dudas, Gytis" sort="Dudas, Gytis" uniqKey="Dudas G" first="Gytis" last="Dudas">Gytis Dudas</name><name sortKey="Meyerholz, David K" sort="Meyerholz, David K" uniqKey="Meyerholz D" first="David K." last="Meyerholz">David K. Meyerholz</name><name sortKey="Perlman, Stanley" sort="Perlman, Stanley" uniqKey="Perlman S" first="Stanley" last="Perlman">Stanley Perlman</name><name sortKey="Webby, Richard J" sort="Webby, Richard J" uniqKey="Webby R" first="Richard J." last="Webby">Richard J. Webby</name></noCountry><country name="République populaire de Chine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Chu, Daniel K W" sort="Chu, Daniel K W" uniqKey="Chu D" first="Daniel K. W." last="Chu">Daniel K. W. Chu</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Chan, Michael C W" sort="Chan, Michael C W" uniqKey="Chan M" first="Michael C. W." last="Chan">Michael C. W. Chan</name><name sortKey="Hui, Kenrie P Y" sort="Hui, Kenrie P Y" uniqKey="Hui K" first="Kenrie P. Y." last="Hui">Kenrie P. Y. Hui</name><name sortKey="Nicholls, John M" sort="Nicholls, John M" uniqKey="Nicholls J" first="John M." last="Nicholls">John M. Nicholls</name><name sortKey="Oladipo, Jamiu O" sort="Oladipo, Jamiu O" uniqKey="Oladipo J" first="Jamiu O." last="Oladipo">Jamiu O. Oladipo</name><name sortKey="Peiris, Malik" sort="Peiris, Malik" uniqKey="Peiris M" first="Malik" last="Peiris">Malik Peiris</name><name sortKey="Perera, Ranawaka A P M" sort="Perera, Ranawaka A P M" uniqKey="Perera R" first="Ranawaka A. P. M." last="Perera">Ranawaka A. P. M. Perera</name><name sortKey="Poon, Leo L M" sort="Poon, Leo L M" uniqKey="Poon L" first="Leo L. M." last="Poon">Leo L. M. Poon</name><name sortKey="So, Ray T Y" sort="So, Ray T Y" uniqKey="So R" first="Ray T. Y." last="So">Ray T. Y. So</name><name sortKey="Zhao, Jincun" sort="Zhao, Jincun" uniqKey="Zhao J" first="Jincun" last="Zhao">Jincun Zhao</name><name sortKey="Zhou, Ziqi" sort="Zhou, Ziqi" uniqKey="Zhou Z" first="Ziqi" last="Zhou">Ziqi Zhou</name></country><country name="France"><noRegion><name sortKey="Miguel, Eve" sort="Miguel, Eve" uniqKey="Miguel E" first="Eve" last="Miguel">Eve Miguel</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Chevalier, Veronique" sort="Chevalier, Veronique" uniqKey="Chevalier V" first="Veronique" last="Chevalier">Veronique Chevalier</name><name sortKey="Miguel, Eve" sort="Miguel, Eve" uniqKey="Miguel E" first="Eve" last="Miguel">Eve Miguel</name><name sortKey="Roger, Francois" sort="Roger, Francois" uniqKey="Roger F" first="Francois" last="Roger">Francois Roger</name></country><country name="Allemagne"><noRegion><name sortKey="Niemeyer, Daniela" sort="Niemeyer, Daniela" uniqKey="Niemeyer D" first="Daniela" last="Niemeyer">Daniela Niemeyer</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Drosten, Christian" sort="Drosten, Christian" uniqKey="Drosten C" first="Christian" last="Drosten">Christian Drosten</name><name sortKey="Muth, Doreen" sort="Muth, Doreen" uniqKey="Muth D" first="Doreen" last="Muth">Doreen Muth</name></country><country name="Nigeria"><noRegion><name sortKey="Oladipo, Jamiu O" sort="Oladipo, Jamiu O" uniqKey="Oladipo J" first="Jamiu O." last="Oladipo">Jamiu O. Oladipo</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Kuranga, Sulyman A" sort="Kuranga, Sulyman A" uniqKey="Kuranga S" first="Sulyman A." last="Kuranga">Sulyman A. Kuranga</name></country><country name="Burkina Faso"><noRegion><name sortKey="Traore, Amadou" sort="Traore, Amadou" uniqKey="Traore A" first="Amadou" last="Traoré">Amadou Traoré</name></noRegion></country><country name="Maroc"><noRegion><name sortKey="Fassi Fihri, Ouafaa" sort="Fassi Fihri, Ouafaa" uniqKey="Fassi Fihri O" first="Ouafaa" last="Fassi-Fihri">Ouafaa Fassi-Fihri</name></noRegion></country><country name="Éthiopie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Ali, Abraham" sort="Ali, Abraham" uniqKey="Ali A" first="Abraham" last="Ali">Abraham Ali</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Demissie, Getnet F" sort="Demissie, Getnet F" uniqKey="Demissie G" first="Getnet F." last="Demissié">Getnet F. Demissié</name><name sortKey="Mamo, Gezahegne" sort="Mamo, Gezahegne" uniqKey="Mamo G" first="Gezahegne" last="Mamo">Gezahegne Mamo</name></country><country name="Arabie saoudite"><noRegion><name sortKey="Hemida, Maged G" sort="Hemida, Maged G" uniqKey="Hemida M" first="Maged G." last="Hemida">Maged G. Hemida</name></noRegion></country><country name="Égypte"><noRegion><name sortKey="Hemida, Maged G" sort="Hemida, Maged G" uniqKey="Hemida M" first="Maged G." last="Hemida">Maged G. Hemida</name></noRegion></country><country name="Thaïlande"><noRegion><name sortKey="Roger, Francois" sort="Roger, Francois" uniqKey="Roger F" first="Francois" last="Roger">Francois Roger</name></noRegion></country><country name="Royaume-Uni"><noRegion><name sortKey="Rambaut, Andrew" sort="Rambaut, Andrew" uniqKey="Rambaut A" first="Andrew" last="Rambaut">Andrew Rambaut</name></noRegion></country><country name="Cambodge"><noRegion><name sortKey="Chevalier, Veronique" sort="Chevalier, Veronique" uniqKey="Chevalier V" first="Veronique" last="Chevalier">Veronique Chevalier</name></noRegion></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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