MERS coronaviruses from camels in Africa exhibit region-dependent genetic diversity.
Identifieur interne : 000982 ( PubMed/Corpus ); précédent : 000981; suivant : 000983MERS coronaviruses from camels in Africa exhibit region-dependent genetic diversity.
Auteurs : Daniel K W. Chu ; Kenrie P Y. Hui ; Ranawaka A P M. Perera ; Eve Miguel ; Daniela Niemeyer ; Jincun Zhao ; Rudragouda Channappanavar ; Gytis Dudas ; Jamiu O. Oladipo ; Amadou Traoré ; Ouafaa Fassi-Fihri ; Abraham Ali ; Getnet F. Demissié ; Doreen Muth ; Michael C W. Chan ; John M. Nicholls ; David K. Meyerholz ; Sulyman A. Kuranga ; Gezahegne Mamo ; Ziqi Zhou ; Ray T Y. So ; Maged G. Hemida ; Richard J. Webby ; Francois Roger ; Andrew Rambaut ; Leo L M. Poon ; Stanley Perlman ; Christian Drosten ; Veronique Chevalier ; Malik PeirisSource :
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [ 1091-6490 ] ; 2018.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Africa, Animals, Camelus (virology), Coronavirus Infections (veterinary), Coronavirus Infections (virology), Female, Genetic Variation, Humans, Lung (virology), Mice, Inbred C57BL, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (genetics), Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (pathogenicity), Phylogeny, Virus Replication, Zoonoses (virology).
- MESH :
- genetics : Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus.
- pathogenicity : Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus.
- veterinary : Coronavirus Infections.
- virology : Camelus, Coronavirus Infections, Lung, Zoonoses.
- Africa, Animals, Female, Genetic Variation, Humans, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Phylogeny, Virus Replication.
Abstract
Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes a zoonotic respiratory disease of global public health concern, and dromedary camels are the only proven source of zoonotic infection. Although MERS-CoV infection is ubiquitous in dromedaries across Africa as well as in the Arabian Peninsula, zoonotic disease appears confined to the Arabian Peninsula. MERS-CoVs from Africa have hitherto been poorly studied. We genetically and phenotypically characterized MERS-CoV from dromedaries sampled in Morocco, Burkina Faso, Nigeria, and Ethiopia. Viruses from Africa (clade C) are phylogenetically distinct from contemporary viruses from the Arabian Peninsula (clades A and B) but remain antigenically similar in microneutralization tests. Viruses from West (Nigeria, Burkina Faso) and North (Morocco) Africa form a subclade, C1, that shares clade-defining genetic signatures including deletions in the accessory gene ORF4b Compared with human and camel MERS-CoV from Saudi Arabia, virus isolates from Burkina Faso (BF785) and Nigeria (Nig1657) had lower virus replication competence in Calu-3 cells and in ex vivo cultures of human bronchus and lung. BF785 replicated to lower titer in lungs of human DPP4-transduced mice. A reverse genetics-derived recombinant MERS-CoV (EMC) lacking ORF4b elicited higher type I and III IFN responses than the isogenic EMC virus in Calu-3 cells. However, ORF4b deletions may not be the major determinant of the reduced replication competence of BF785 and Nig1657. Genetic and phenotypic differences in West African viruses may be relevant to zoonotic potential. There is an urgent need for studies of MERS-CoV at the animal-human interface.
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1718769115
PubMed: 29507189
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pubmed:29507189Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">MERS coronaviruses from camels in Africa exhibit region-dependent genetic diversity.</title><author><name sortKey="Chu, Daniel K W" sort="Chu, Daniel K W" uniqKey="Chu D" first="Daniel K W" last="Chu">Daniel K W. Chu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hui, Kenrie P Y" sort="Hui, Kenrie P Y" uniqKey="Hui K" first="Kenrie P Y" last="Hui">Kenrie P Y. Hui</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perera, Ranawaka A P M" sort="Perera, Ranawaka A P M" uniqKey="Perera R" first="Ranawaka A P M" last="Perera">Ranawaka A P M. Perera</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Miguel, Eve" sort="Miguel, Eve" uniqKey="Miguel E" first="Eve" last="Miguel">Eve Miguel</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Montpellier, F-34398 Montpellier, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Niemeyer, Daniela" sort="Niemeyer, Daniela" uniqKey="Niemeyer D" first="Daniela" last="Niemeyer">Daniela Niemeyer</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Virology, Campus Charite Mitte, Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, Jincun" sort="Zhao, Jincun" uniqKey="Zhao J" first="Jincun" last="Zhao">Jincun Zhao</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Channappanavar, Rudragouda" sort="Channappanavar, Rudragouda" uniqKey="Channappanavar R" first="Rudragouda" last="Channappanavar">Rudragouda Channappanavar</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dudas, Gytis" sort="Dudas, Gytis" uniqKey="Dudas G" first="Gytis" last="Dudas">Gytis Dudas</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oladipo, Jamiu O" sort="Oladipo, Jamiu O" uniqKey="Oladipo J" first="Jamiu O" last="Oladipo">Jamiu O. Oladipo</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Traore, Amadou" sort="Traore, Amadou" uniqKey="Traore A" first="Amadou" last="Traoré">Amadou Traoré</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laboratoire de Biologie et Santé Animals, L'Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles du Burkina Faso/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique, 04 BP 8645 Ouagadougou 04, Burkina Faso.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fassi Fihri, Ouafaa" sort="Fassi Fihri, Ouafaa" uniqKey="Fassi Fihri O" first="Ouafaa" last="Fassi-Fihri">Ouafaa Fassi-Fihri</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire, Hassan II Université, B.P. 6202 Rabat-Instituts, Rabat, Morocco.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ali, Abraham" sort="Ali, Abraham" uniqKey="Ali A" first="Abraham" last="Ali">Abraham Ali</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Bacterial, Parasitic and Zoonotic Diseases Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Demissie, Getnet F" sort="Demissie, Getnet F" uniqKey="Demissie G" first="Getnet F" last="Demissié">Getnet F. Demissié</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>College of Veterinary Medecine, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muth, Doreen" sort="Muth, Doreen" uniqKey="Muth D" first="Doreen" last="Muth">Doreen Muth</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Virology, Campus Charite Mitte, Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, Michael C W" sort="Chan, Michael C W" uniqKey="Chan M" first="Michael C W" last="Chan">Michael C W. Chan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nicholls, John M" sort="Nicholls, John M" uniqKey="Nicholls J" first="John M" last="Nicholls">John M. Nicholls</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meyerholz, David K" sort="Meyerholz, David K" uniqKey="Meyerholz D" first="David K" last="Meyerholz">David K. Meyerholz</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuranga, Sulyman A" sort="Kuranga, Sulyman A" uniqKey="Kuranga S" first="Sulyman A" last="Kuranga">Sulyman A. Kuranga</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mamo, Gezahegne" sort="Mamo, Gezahegne" uniqKey="Mamo G" first="Gezahegne" last="Mamo">Gezahegne Mamo</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Immunology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhou, Ziqi" sort="Zhou, Ziqi" uniqKey="Zhou Z" first="Ziqi" last="Zhou">Ziqi Zhou</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="So, Ray T Y" sort="So, Ray T Y" uniqKey="So R" first="Ray T Y" last="So">Ray T Y. So</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hemida, Maged G" sort="Hemida, Maged G" uniqKey="Hemida M" first="Maged G" last="Hemida">Maged G. Hemida</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hasa, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Webby, Richard J" sort="Webby, Richard J" uniqKey="Webby R" first="Richard J" last="Webby">Richard J. Webby</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roger, Francois" sort="Roger, Francois" uniqKey="Roger F" first="Francois" last="Roger">Francois Roger</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Montpellier, F-34398 Montpellier, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rambaut, Andrew" sort="Rambaut, Andrew" uniqKey="Rambaut A" first="Andrew" last="Rambaut">Andrew Rambaut</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, EH9 2FL Edinburgh, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Poon, Leo L M" sort="Poon, Leo L M" uniqKey="Poon L" first="Leo L M" last="Poon">Leo L M. Poon</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perlman, Stanley" sort="Perlman, Stanley" uniqKey="Perlman S" first="Stanley" last="Perlman">Stanley Perlman</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Drosten, Christian" sort="Drosten, Christian" uniqKey="Drosten C" first="Christian" last="Drosten">Christian Drosten</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Virology, Campus Charite Mitte, Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chevalier, Veronique" sort="Chevalier, Veronique" uniqKey="Chevalier V" first="Veronique" last="Chevalier">Veronique Chevalier</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Montpellier, F-34398 Montpellier, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peiris, Malik" sort="Peiris, Malik" uniqKey="Peiris M" first="Malik" last="Peiris">Malik Peiris</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Republic of China; malik@hku.hk.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2018">2018</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:29507189</idno><idno type="pmid">29507189</idno><idno type="doi">10.1073/pnas.1718769115</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000982</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000982</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">MERS coronaviruses from camels in Africa exhibit region-dependent genetic diversity.</title><author><name sortKey="Chu, Daniel K W" sort="Chu, Daniel K W" uniqKey="Chu D" first="Daniel K W" last="Chu">Daniel K W. Chu</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hui, Kenrie P Y" sort="Hui, Kenrie P Y" uniqKey="Hui K" first="Kenrie P Y" last="Hui">Kenrie P Y. Hui</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perera, Ranawaka A P M" sort="Perera, Ranawaka A P M" uniqKey="Perera R" first="Ranawaka A P M" last="Perera">Ranawaka A P M. Perera</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Miguel, Eve" sort="Miguel, Eve" uniqKey="Miguel E" first="Eve" last="Miguel">Eve Miguel</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Montpellier, F-34398 Montpellier, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Niemeyer, Daniela" sort="Niemeyer, Daniela" uniqKey="Niemeyer D" first="Daniela" last="Niemeyer">Daniela Niemeyer</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Virology, Campus Charite Mitte, Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, Jincun" sort="Zhao, Jincun" uniqKey="Zhao J" first="Jincun" last="Zhao">Jincun Zhao</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Channappanavar, Rudragouda" sort="Channappanavar, Rudragouda" uniqKey="Channappanavar R" first="Rudragouda" last="Channappanavar">Rudragouda Channappanavar</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dudas, Gytis" sort="Dudas, Gytis" uniqKey="Dudas G" first="Gytis" last="Dudas">Gytis Dudas</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Oladipo, Jamiu O" sort="Oladipo, Jamiu O" uniqKey="Oladipo J" first="Jamiu O" last="Oladipo">Jamiu O. Oladipo</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Traore, Amadou" sort="Traore, Amadou" uniqKey="Traore A" first="Amadou" last="Traoré">Amadou Traoré</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Laboratoire de Biologie et Santé Animals, L'Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles du Burkina Faso/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique, 04 BP 8645 Ouagadougou 04, Burkina Faso.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fassi Fihri, Ouafaa" sort="Fassi Fihri, Ouafaa" uniqKey="Fassi Fihri O" first="Ouafaa" last="Fassi-Fihri">Ouafaa Fassi-Fihri</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire, Hassan II Université, B.P. 6202 Rabat-Instituts, Rabat, Morocco.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ali, Abraham" sort="Ali, Abraham" uniqKey="Ali A" first="Abraham" last="Ali">Abraham Ali</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Bacterial, Parasitic and Zoonotic Diseases Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Demissie, Getnet F" sort="Demissie, Getnet F" uniqKey="Demissie G" first="Getnet F" last="Demissié">Getnet F. Demissié</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>College of Veterinary Medecine, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Muth, Doreen" sort="Muth, Doreen" uniqKey="Muth D" first="Doreen" last="Muth">Doreen Muth</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Virology, Campus Charite Mitte, Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, Michael C W" sort="Chan, Michael C W" uniqKey="Chan M" first="Michael C W" last="Chan">Michael C W. Chan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nicholls, John M" sort="Nicholls, John M" uniqKey="Nicholls J" first="John M" last="Nicholls">John M. Nicholls</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meyerholz, David K" sort="Meyerholz, David K" uniqKey="Meyerholz D" first="David K" last="Meyerholz">David K. Meyerholz</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuranga, Sulyman A" sort="Kuranga, Sulyman A" uniqKey="Kuranga S" first="Sulyman A" last="Kuranga">Sulyman A. Kuranga</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Surgery, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mamo, Gezahegne" sort="Mamo, Gezahegne" uniqKey="Mamo G" first="Gezahegne" last="Mamo">Gezahegne Mamo</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Immunology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zhou, Ziqi" sort="Zhou, Ziqi" uniqKey="Zhou Z" first="Ziqi" last="Zhou">Ziqi Zhou</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="So, Ray T Y" sort="So, Ray T Y" uniqKey="So R" first="Ray T Y" last="So">Ray T Y. So</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hemida, Maged G" sort="Hemida, Maged G" uniqKey="Hemida M" first="Maged G" last="Hemida">Maged G. Hemida</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hasa, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Webby, Richard J" sort="Webby, Richard J" uniqKey="Webby R" first="Richard J" last="Webby">Richard J. Webby</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Roger, Francois" sort="Roger, Francois" uniqKey="Roger F" first="Francois" last="Roger">Francois Roger</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Montpellier, F-34398 Montpellier, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rambaut, Andrew" sort="Rambaut, Andrew" uniqKey="Rambaut A" first="Andrew" last="Rambaut">Andrew Rambaut</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, EH9 2FL Edinburgh, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Poon, Leo L M" sort="Poon, Leo L M" uniqKey="Poon L" first="Leo L M" last="Poon">Leo L M. Poon</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Republic of China.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Perlman, Stanley" sort="Perlman, Stanley" uniqKey="Perlman S" first="Stanley" last="Perlman">Stanley Perlman</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Drosten, Christian" sort="Drosten, Christian" uniqKey="Drosten C" first="Christian" last="Drosten">Christian Drosten</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Virology, Campus Charite Mitte, Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chevalier, Veronique" sort="Chevalier, Veronique" uniqKey="Chevalier V" first="Veronique" last="Chevalier">Veronique Chevalier</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Montpellier, F-34398 Montpellier, France.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Peiris, Malik" sort="Peiris, Malik" uniqKey="Peiris M" first="Malik" last="Peiris">Malik Peiris</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Republic of China; malik@hku.hk.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</title><idno type="eISSN">1091-6490</idno><imprint><date when="2018" type="published">2018</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Africa</term><term>Animals</term><term>Camelus (virology)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (veterinary)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (virology)</term><term>Female</term><term>Genetic Variation</term><term>Humans</term><term>Lung (virology)</term><term>Mice, Inbred C57BL</term><term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (genetics)</term><term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (pathogenicity)</term><term>Phylogeny</term><term>Virus Replication</term><term>Zoonoses (virology)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathogenicity" xml:lang="en"><term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="veterinary" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="virology" xml:lang="en"><term>Camelus</term><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Lung</term><term>Zoonoses</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Africa</term><term>Animals</term><term>Female</term><term>Genetic Variation</term><term>Humans</term><term>Mice, Inbred C57BL</term><term>Phylogeny</term><term>Virus Replication</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes a zoonotic respiratory disease of global public health concern, and dromedary camels are the only proven source of zoonotic infection. Although MERS-CoV infection is ubiquitous in dromedaries across Africa as well as in the Arabian Peninsula, zoonotic disease appears confined to the Arabian Peninsula. MERS-CoVs from Africa have hitherto been poorly studied. We genetically and phenotypically characterized MERS-CoV from dromedaries sampled in Morocco, Burkina Faso, Nigeria, and Ethiopia. Viruses from Africa (clade C) are phylogenetically distinct from contemporary viruses from the Arabian Peninsula (clades A and B) but remain antigenically similar in microneutralization tests. Viruses from West (Nigeria, Burkina Faso) and North (Morocco) Africa form a subclade, C1, that shares clade-defining genetic signatures including deletions in the accessory gene <i>ORF4b</i> Compared with human and camel MERS-CoV from Saudi Arabia, virus isolates from Burkina Faso (BF785) and Nigeria (Nig1657) had lower virus replication competence in Calu-3 cells and in ex vivo cultures of human bronchus and lung. BF785 replicated to lower titer in lungs of human DPP4-transduced mice. A reverse genetics-derived recombinant MERS-CoV (EMC) lacking <i>ORF4b</i> elicited higher type I and III IFN responses than the isogenic EMC virus in Calu-3 cells. However, <i>ORF4b</i> deletions may not be the major determinant of the reduced replication competence of BF785 and Nig1657. Genetic and phenotypic differences in West African viruses may be relevant to zoonotic potential. There is an urgent need for studies of MERS-CoV at the animal-human interface.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">29507189</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2018</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>18</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2018</Year><Month>11</Month><Day>14</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1091-6490</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>115</Volume><Issue>12</Issue><PubDate><Year>2018</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>20</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>MERS coronaviruses from camels in Africa exhibit region-dependent genetic diversity.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>3144-3149</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1073/pnas.1718769115</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) causes a zoonotic respiratory disease of global public health concern, and dromedary camels are the only proven source of zoonotic infection. Although MERS-CoV infection is ubiquitous in dromedaries across Africa as well as in the Arabian Peninsula, zoonotic disease appears confined to the Arabian Peninsula. MERS-CoVs from Africa have hitherto been poorly studied. We genetically and phenotypically characterized MERS-CoV from dromedaries sampled in Morocco, Burkina Faso, Nigeria, and Ethiopia. Viruses from Africa (clade C) are phylogenetically distinct from contemporary viruses from the Arabian Peninsula (clades A and B) but remain antigenically similar in microneutralization tests. Viruses from West (Nigeria, Burkina Faso) and North (Morocco) Africa form a subclade, C1, that shares clade-defining genetic signatures including deletions in the accessory gene <i>ORF4b</i> Compared with human and camel MERS-CoV from Saudi Arabia, virus isolates from Burkina Faso (BF785) and Nigeria (Nig1657) had lower virus replication competence in Calu-3 cells and in ex vivo cultures of human bronchus and lung. BF785 replicated to lower titer in lungs of human DPP4-transduced mice. A reverse genetics-derived recombinant MERS-CoV (EMC) lacking <i>ORF4b</i> elicited higher type I and III IFN responses than the isogenic EMC virus in Calu-3 cells. However, <i>ORF4b</i> deletions may not be the major determinant of the reduced replication competence of BF785 and Nig1657. Genetic and phenotypic differences in West African viruses may be relevant to zoonotic potential. There is an urgent need for studies of MERS-CoV at the animal-human interface.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>Copyright © 2018 the Author(s). Published by PNAS.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chu</LastName><ForeName>Daniel K W</ForeName><Initials>DKW</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hui</LastName><ForeName>Kenrie P Y</ForeName><Initials>KPY</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Perera</LastName><ForeName>Ranawaka A P M</ForeName><Initials>RAPM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Miguel</LastName><ForeName>Eve</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Montpellier, F-34398 Montpellier, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Maladies Infectieuses et Vecteurs: Ecologie, Génétique, Evolution et Contrôle, L'Institut de Recherche pour le Développement, CNRS, Universitè de Montpellier, F-34398 Montpellier, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Niemeyer</LastName><ForeName>Daniela</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Virology, Campus Charite Mitte, Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhao</LastName><ForeName>Jincun</ForeName><Initials>J</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangdong, Republic of China 510000.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Channappanavar</LastName><ForeName>Rudragouda</ForeName><Initials>R</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dudas</LastName><ForeName>Gytis</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Vaccine and Infectious Diseases Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Oladipo</LastName><ForeName>Jamiu O</ForeName><Initials>JO</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Traoré</LastName><ForeName>Amadou</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Laboratoire de Biologie et Santé Animals, L'Institut de l'Environnement et de Recherches Agricoles du Burkina Faso/Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique et Technologique, 04 BP 8645 Ouagadougou 04, Burkina Faso.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Fassi-Fihri</LastName><ForeName>Ouafaa</ForeName><Initials>O</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institut Agronomique et Vétérinaire, Hassan II Université, B.P. 6202 Rabat-Instituts, Rabat, Morocco.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ali</LastName><ForeName>Abraham</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Bacterial, Parasitic and Zoonotic Diseases Research Directorate, Ethiopian Public Health Institute, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Demissié</LastName><ForeName>Getnet F</ForeName><Initials>GF</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>College of Veterinary Medecine, Haramaya University, Dire Dawa, Ethiopia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Muth</LastName><ForeName>Doreen</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Virology, Campus Charite Mitte, Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chan</LastName><ForeName>Michael C W</ForeName><Initials>MCW</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Nicholls</LastName><ForeName>John M</ForeName><Initials>JM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Meyerholz</LastName><ForeName>David K</ForeName><Initials>DK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pathology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kuranga</LastName><ForeName>Sulyman A</ForeName><Initials>SA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Surgery, Faculty of Clinical Sciences, University of Ilorin, Ilorin, Nigeria.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mamo</LastName><ForeName>Gezahegne</ForeName><Initials>G</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Immunology and Public Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Agriculture, Addis Ababa University, Bishoftu, Ethiopia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Zhou</LastName><ForeName>Ziqi</ForeName><Initials>Z</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>So</LastName><ForeName>Ray T Y</ForeName><Initials>RTY</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hemida</LastName><ForeName>Maged G</ForeName><Initials>MG</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, College of Veterinary Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Hasa, Saudi Arabia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Webby</LastName><ForeName>Richard J</ForeName><Initials>RJ</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Roger</LastName><ForeName>Francois</ForeName><Initials>F</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Montpellier, F-34398 Montpellier, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Kasetsart University, 10900 Bangkok, Thailand.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rambaut</LastName><ForeName>Andrew</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Evolutionary Biology, University of Edinburgh, EH9 2FL Edinburgh, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Poon</LastName><ForeName>Leo L M</ForeName><Initials>LLM</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Republic of China.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Perlman</LastName><ForeName>Stanley</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0003-4213-2354</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Drosten</LastName><ForeName>Christian</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Virology, Campus Charite Mitte, Charite-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Germany.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Chevalier</LastName><ForeName>Veronique</ForeName><Initials>V</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Animal, Santé, Territoires, Risques et Ecosystèmes, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Université de Montpellier, F-34398 Montpellier, France.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institut Pasteur du Cambodge, Phnom Penh, Cambodia.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Peiris</LastName><ForeName>Malik</ForeName><Initials>M</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, Republic of China; malik@hku.hk.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><DataBankList 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Support, N.I.H., Extramural</PublicationType><PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList><ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2018</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>05</Day></ArticleDate></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country><MedlineTA>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>7505876</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0027-8424</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000349" MajorTopicYN="N">Africa</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000818" MajorTopicYN="N">Animals</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002162" MajorTopicYN="N">Camelus</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000821" MajorTopicYN="Y">virology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018352" MajorTopicYN="N">Coronavirus Infections</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000662" MajorTopicYN="N">veterinary</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000821" MajorTopicYN="N">virology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014644" MajorTopicYN="Y">Genetic Variation</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008168" MajorTopicYN="N">Lung</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000821" MajorTopicYN="N">virology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008810" MajorTopicYN="N">Mice, Inbred C57BL</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D065207" MajorTopicYN="N">Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="Y">genetics</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000472" MajorTopicYN="Y">pathogenicity</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D010802" MajorTopicYN="N">Phylogeny</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014779" MajorTopicYN="N">Virus Replication</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015047" MajorTopicYN="N">Zoonoses</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000821" MajorTopicYN="N">virology</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">Africa</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">MERS</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">coronavirus</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">evolution</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="Y">zoonosis</Keyword></KeywordList><CoiStatement>The authors declare no conflict of interest.</CoiStatement></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2018</Year><Month>3</Month><Day>7</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate 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