SidaSubSaharaV1, Main, Exploration, bibRecord, 000085

Transmission of Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in South Africa.

Identifieur interne : 000085 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000084; suivant : 000086

Transmission of Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in South Africa.

Auteurs : N Sarita Shah ; Sara C. Auld ; James C M. Brust ; Barun Mathema ; Nazir Ismail ; Pravi Moodley ; Koleka Mlisana ; Salim Allana ; Angela Campbell ; Thuli Mthiyane ; Natashia Morris ; Primrose Mpangase ; Hermina Van Der Meulen ; Shaheed V. Omar ; Tyler S. Brown ; Apurva Narechania ; Elena Shaskina ; Thandi Kapwata ; Barry Kreiswirth ; Neel R. Gandhi

Source :

The New England journal of medicine [ 1533-4406 ] ; 2017.

RBID : pubmed:28099825

Descripteurs français

English descriptors

KwdEn :
- AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections (drug therapy), AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections (epidemiology), AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections (transmission), Adolescent, Adult, Antitubercular Agents (therapeutic use), CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Child, Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (complications), Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (epidemiology), Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (microbiology), Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (transmission), Female, HIV Infections (complications), Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (genetics), Phylogeny, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Prospective Studies, Social Support, South Africa (epidemiology), Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant (drug therapy), Young Adult.
MESH :
- chemical , therapeutic use : Antitubercular Agents.
- complications : Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, HIV Infections.
- drug therapy : AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant.
- epidemiology : AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, South Africa.
- genetics : Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
- microbiology : Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis.
- transmission : AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis.
- Adolescent, Adult, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Phylogeny, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Prospective Studies, Social Support, Young Adult.

Abstract

Drug-resistant tuberculosis threatens recent gains in the treatment of tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection worldwide. A widespread epidemic of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis is occurring in South Africa, where cases have increased substantially since 2002. The factors driving this rapid increase have not been fully elucidated, but such knowledge is needed to guide public health interventions.

DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1604544
PubMed: 28099825

Affiliations:

Le document en format XML

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<author><name sortKey="Shah, N Sarita" sort="Shah, N Sarita" uniqKey="Shah N" first="N Sarita" last="Shah">N Sarita Shah</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
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<author><name sortKey="Auld, Sara C" sort="Auld, Sara C" uniqKey="Auld S" first="Sara C" last="Auld">Sara C. Auld</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
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<author><name sortKey="Brust, James C M" sort="Brust, James C M" uniqKey="Brust J" first="James C M" last="Brust">James C M. Brust</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
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<author><name sortKey="Mathema, Barun" sort="Mathema, Barun" uniqKey="Mathema B" first="Barun" last="Mathema">Barun Mathema</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ismail, Nazir" sort="Ismail, Nazir" uniqKey="Ismail N" first="Nazir" last="Ismail">Nazir Ismail</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moodley, Pravi" sort="Moodley, Pravi" uniqKey="Moodley P" first="Pravi" last="Moodley">Pravi Moodley</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mlisana, Koleka" sort="Mlisana, Koleka" uniqKey="Mlisana K" first="Koleka" last="Mlisana">Koleka Mlisana</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Allana, Salim" sort="Allana, Salim" uniqKey="Allana S" first="Salim" last="Allana">Salim Allana</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Campbell, Angela" sort="Campbell, Angela" uniqKey="Campbell A" first="Angela" last="Campbell">Angela Campbell</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mthiyane, Thuli" sort="Mthiyane, Thuli" uniqKey="Mthiyane T" first="Thuli" last="Mthiyane">Thuli Mthiyane</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Morris, Natashia" sort="Morris, Natashia" uniqKey="Morris N" first="Natashia" last="Morris">Natashia Morris</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mpangase, Primrose" sort="Mpangase, Primrose" uniqKey="Mpangase P" first="Primrose" last="Mpangase">Primrose Mpangase</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Der Meulen, Hermina" sort="Van Der Meulen, Hermina" uniqKey="Van Der Meulen H" first="Hermina" last="Van Der Meulen">Hermina Van Der Meulen</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Omar, Shaheed V" sort="Omar, Shaheed V" uniqKey="Omar S" first="Shaheed V" last="Omar">Shaheed V. Omar</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brown, Tyler S" sort="Brown, Tyler S" uniqKey="Brown T" first="Tyler S" last="Brown">Tyler S. Brown</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Narechania, Apurva" sort="Narechania, Apurva" uniqKey="Narechania A" first="Apurva" last="Narechania">Apurva Narechania</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shaskina, Elena" sort="Shaskina, Elena" uniqKey="Shaskina E" first="Elena" last="Shaskina">Elena Shaskina</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kapwata, Thandi" sort="Kapwata, Thandi" uniqKey="Kapwata T" first="Thandi" last="Kapwata">Thandi Kapwata</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kreiswirth, Barry" sort="Kreiswirth, Barry" uniqKey="Kreiswirth B" first="Barry" last="Kreiswirth">Barry Kreiswirth</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gandhi, Neel R" sort="Gandhi, Neel R" uniqKey="Gandhi N" first="Neel R" last="Gandhi">Neel R. Gandhi</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
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<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">003C79</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">000085</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000085</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000085</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Transmission of Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in South Africa.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Shah, N Sarita" sort="Shah, N Sarita" uniqKey="Shah N" first="N Sarita" last="Shah">N Sarita Shah</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Auld, Sara C" sort="Auld, Sara C" uniqKey="Auld S" first="Sara C" last="Auld">Sara C. Auld</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brust, James C M" sort="Brust, James C M" uniqKey="Brust J" first="James C M" last="Brust">James C M. Brust</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mathema, Barun" sort="Mathema, Barun" uniqKey="Mathema B" first="Barun" last="Mathema">Barun Mathema</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ismail, Nazir" sort="Ismail, Nazir" uniqKey="Ismail N" first="Nazir" last="Ismail">Nazir Ismail</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moodley, Pravi" sort="Moodley, Pravi" uniqKey="Moodley P" first="Pravi" last="Moodley">Pravi Moodley</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mlisana, Koleka" sort="Mlisana, Koleka" uniqKey="Mlisana K" first="Koleka" last="Mlisana">Koleka Mlisana</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Allana, Salim" sort="Allana, Salim" uniqKey="Allana S" first="Salim" last="Allana">Salim Allana</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Campbell, Angela" sort="Campbell, Angela" uniqKey="Campbell A" first="Angela" last="Campbell">Angela Campbell</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mthiyane, Thuli" sort="Mthiyane, Thuli" uniqKey="Mthiyane T" first="Thuli" last="Mthiyane">Thuli Mthiyane</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Morris, Natashia" sort="Morris, Natashia" uniqKey="Morris N" first="Natashia" last="Morris">Natashia Morris</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mpangase, Primrose" sort="Mpangase, Primrose" uniqKey="Mpangase P" first="Primrose" last="Mpangase">Primrose Mpangase</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Der Meulen, Hermina" sort="Van Der Meulen, Hermina" uniqKey="Van Der Meulen H" first="Hermina" last="Van Der Meulen">Hermina Van Der Meulen</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Omar, Shaheed V" sort="Omar, Shaheed V" uniqKey="Omar S" first="Shaheed V" last="Omar">Shaheed V. Omar</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brown, Tyler S" sort="Brown, Tyler S" uniqKey="Brown T" first="Tyler S" last="Brown">Tyler S. Brown</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Narechania, Apurva" sort="Narechania, Apurva" uniqKey="Narechania A" first="Apurva" last="Narechania">Apurva Narechania</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shaskina, Elena" sort="Shaskina, Elena" uniqKey="Shaskina E" first="Elena" last="Shaskina">Elena Shaskina</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kapwata, Thandi" sort="Kapwata, Thandi" uniqKey="Kapwata T" first="Thandi" last="Kapwata">Thandi Kapwata</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kreiswirth, Barry" sort="Kreiswirth, Barry" uniqKey="Kreiswirth B" first="Barry" last="Kreiswirth">Barry Kreiswirth</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gandhi, Neel R" sort="Gandhi, Neel R" uniqKey="Gandhi N" first="Neel R" last="Gandhi">Neel R. Gandhi</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">The New England journal of medicine</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1533-4406</idno>
<imprint><date when="2017" type="published">2017</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections (drug therapy)</term>
<term>AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections (epidemiology)</term>
<term>AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections (transmission)</term>
<term>Adolescent</term>
<term>Adult</term>
<term>Antitubercular Agents (therapeutic use)</term>
<term>CD4 Lymphocyte Count</term>
<term>Child</term>
<term>Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (complications)</term>
<term>Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (epidemiology)</term>
<term>Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (microbiology)</term>
<term>Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (transmission)</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>HIV Infections (complications)</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Male</term>
<term>Middle Aged</term>
<term>Mycobacterium tuberculosis (genetics)</term>
<term>Phylogeny</term>
<term>Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide</term>
<term>Prospective Studies</term>
<term>Social Support</term>
<term>South Africa (epidemiology)</term>
<term>Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant (drug therapy)</term>
<term>Young Adult</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adolescent</term>
<term>Adulte</term>
<term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term>
<term>Antituberculeux (usage thérapeutique)</term>
<term>Enfant</term>
<term>Femelle</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Infections opportunistes liées au SIDA (traitement médicamenteux)</term>
<term>Infections opportunistes liées au SIDA (transmission)</term>
<term>Infections opportunistes liées au SIDA (épidémiologie)</term>
<term>Infections à VIH ()</term>
<term>Jeune adulte</term>
<term>Mycobacterium tuberculosis (génétique)</term>
<term>Mâle</term>
<term>Numération des lymphocytes CD4</term>
<term>Phylogénie</term>
<term>Polymorphisme de nucléotide simple</term>
<term>République d'Afrique du Sud (épidémiologie)</term>
<term>Soutien social</term>
<term>Tuberculose multirésistante (traitement médicamenteux)</term>
<term>Tuberculose ultrarésistante aux médicaments ()</term>
<term>Tuberculose ultrarésistante aux médicaments (microbiologie)</term>
<term>Tuberculose ultrarésistante aux médicaments (transmission)</term>
<term>Tuberculose ultrarésistante aux médicaments (épidémiologie)</term>
<term>Études prospectives</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="therapeutic use" xml:lang="en"><term>Antitubercular Agents</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="complications" xml:lang="en"><term>Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis</term>
<term>HIV Infections</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections</term>
<term>Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections</term>
<term>Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis</term>
<term>South Africa</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Tuberculose ultrarésistante aux médicaments</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="traitement médicamenteux" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections opportunistes liées au SIDA</term>
<term>Tuberculose multirésistante</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="transmission" xml:lang="en"><term>AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections</term>
<term>Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="usage thérapeutique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Antituberculeux</term>
<term>Infections opportunistes liées au SIDA</term>
<term>Tuberculose ultrarésistante aux médicaments</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="épidémiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections opportunistes liées au SIDA</term>
<term>République d'Afrique du Sud</term>
<term>Tuberculose ultrarésistante aux médicaments</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent</term>
<term>Adult</term>
<term>CD4 Lymphocyte Count</term>
<term>Child</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Male</term>
<term>Middle Aged</term>
<term>Phylogeny</term>
<term>Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide</term>
<term>Prospective Studies</term>
<term>Social Support</term>
<term>Young Adult</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adolescent</term>
<term>Adulte</term>
<term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term>
<term>Enfant</term>
<term>Femelle</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Infections à VIH</term>
<term>Jeune adulte</term>
<term>Mâle</term>
<term>Numération des lymphocytes CD4</term>
<term>Phylogénie</term>
<term>Polymorphisme de nucléotide simple</term>
<term>Soutien social</term>
<term>Tuberculose ultrarésistante aux médicaments</term>
<term>Études prospectives</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Drug-resistant tuberculosis threatens recent gains in the treatment of tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection worldwide. A widespread epidemic of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis is occurring in South Africa, where cases have increased substantially since 2002. The factors driving this rapid increase have not been fully elucidated, but such knowledge is needed to guide public health interventions.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<affiliations><list></list>
<tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Allana, Salim" sort="Allana, Salim" uniqKey="Allana S" first="Salim" last="Allana">Salim Allana</name>
<name sortKey="Auld, Sara C" sort="Auld, Sara C" uniqKey="Auld S" first="Sara C" last="Auld">Sara C. Auld</name>
<name sortKey="Brown, Tyler S" sort="Brown, Tyler S" uniqKey="Brown T" first="Tyler S" last="Brown">Tyler S. Brown</name>
<name sortKey="Brust, James C M" sort="Brust, James C M" uniqKey="Brust J" first="James C M" last="Brust">James C M. Brust</name>
<name sortKey="Campbell, Angela" sort="Campbell, Angela" uniqKey="Campbell A" first="Angela" last="Campbell">Angela Campbell</name>
<name sortKey="Gandhi, Neel R" sort="Gandhi, Neel R" uniqKey="Gandhi N" first="Neel R" last="Gandhi">Neel R. Gandhi</name>
<name sortKey="Ismail, Nazir" sort="Ismail, Nazir" uniqKey="Ismail N" first="Nazir" last="Ismail">Nazir Ismail</name>
<name sortKey="Kapwata, Thandi" sort="Kapwata, Thandi" uniqKey="Kapwata T" first="Thandi" last="Kapwata">Thandi Kapwata</name>
<name sortKey="Kreiswirth, Barry" sort="Kreiswirth, Barry" uniqKey="Kreiswirth B" first="Barry" last="Kreiswirth">Barry Kreiswirth</name>
<name sortKey="Mathema, Barun" sort="Mathema, Barun" uniqKey="Mathema B" first="Barun" last="Mathema">Barun Mathema</name>
<name sortKey="Mlisana, Koleka" sort="Mlisana, Koleka" uniqKey="Mlisana K" first="Koleka" last="Mlisana">Koleka Mlisana</name>
<name sortKey="Moodley, Pravi" sort="Moodley, Pravi" uniqKey="Moodley P" first="Pravi" last="Moodley">Pravi Moodley</name>
<name sortKey="Morris, Natashia" sort="Morris, Natashia" uniqKey="Morris N" first="Natashia" last="Morris">Natashia Morris</name>
<name sortKey="Mpangase, Primrose" sort="Mpangase, Primrose" uniqKey="Mpangase P" first="Primrose" last="Mpangase">Primrose Mpangase</name>
<name sortKey="Mthiyane, Thuli" sort="Mthiyane, Thuli" uniqKey="Mthiyane T" first="Thuli" last="Mthiyane">Thuli Mthiyane</name>
<name sortKey="Narechania, Apurva" sort="Narechania, Apurva" uniqKey="Narechania A" first="Apurva" last="Narechania">Apurva Narechania</name>
<name sortKey="Omar, Shaheed V" sort="Omar, Shaheed V" uniqKey="Omar S" first="Shaheed V" last="Omar">Shaheed V. Omar</name>
<name sortKey="Shah, N Sarita" sort="Shah, N Sarita" uniqKey="Shah N" first="N Sarita" last="Shah">N Sarita Shah</name>
<name sortKey="Shaskina, Elena" sort="Shaskina, Elena" uniqKey="Shaskina E" first="Elena" last="Shaskina">Elena Shaskina</name>
<name sortKey="Van Der Meulen, Hermina" sort="Van Der Meulen, Hermina" uniqKey="Van Der Meulen H" first="Hermina" last="Van Der Meulen">Hermina Van Der Meulen</name>
</noCountry>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>

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Le SIDA en Afrique subsaharienne (serveur d'exploration)

Transmission of Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in South Africa.

Transmission of Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in South Africa.

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