Transmission of Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in South Africa.
Identifieur interne : 000948 ( PubMed/Curation ); précédent : 000947; suivant : 000949Transmission of Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in South Africa.
Auteurs : N Sarita Shah ; Sara C. Auld ; James C M. Brust ; Barun Mathema ; Nazir Ismail ; Pravi Moodley ; Koleka Mlisana ; Salim Allana ; Angela Campbell ; Thuli Mthiyane ; Natashia Morris ; Primrose Mpangase ; Hermina Van Der Meulen ; Shaheed V. Omar ; Tyler S. Brown ; Apurva Narechania ; Elena Shaskina ; Thandi Kapwata ; Barry Kreiswirth ; Neel R. GandhiSource :
- The New England journal of medicine [ 1533-4406 ] ; 2017.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Adolescent, Adulte, Adulte d'âge moyen, Antituberculeux (usage thérapeutique), Enfant, Femelle, Humains, Infections opportunistes liées au SIDA (traitement médicamenteux), Infections opportunistes liées au SIDA (transmission), Infections opportunistes liées au SIDA (épidémiologie), Infections à VIH (), Jeune adulte, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (génétique), Mâle, Numération des lymphocytes CD4, Phylogénie, Polymorphisme de nucléotide simple, République d'Afrique du Sud (épidémiologie), Soutien social, Tuberculose multirésistante (traitement médicamenteux), Tuberculose ultrarésistante aux médicaments (), Tuberculose ultrarésistante aux médicaments (microbiologie), Tuberculose ultrarésistante aux médicaments (transmission), Tuberculose ultrarésistante aux médicaments (épidémiologie), Études prospectives.
- MESH :
- génétique : Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
- microbiologie : Tuberculose ultrarésistante aux médicaments.
- traitement médicamenteux : Infections opportunistes liées au SIDA, Tuberculose multirésistante.
- usage thérapeutique : Antituberculeux, Infections opportunistes liées au SIDA, Tuberculose ultrarésistante aux médicaments.
- épidémiologie : Infections opportunistes liées au SIDA, République d'Afrique du Sud, Tuberculose ultrarésistante aux médicaments.
- Adolescent, Adulte, Adulte d'âge moyen, Enfant, Femelle, Humains, Infections à VIH, Jeune adulte, Mâle, Numération des lymphocytes CD4, Phylogénie, Polymorphisme de nucléotide simple, Soutien social, Tuberculose ultrarésistante aux médicaments, Études prospectives.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections (drug therapy), AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections (epidemiology), AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections (transmission), Adolescent, Adult, Antitubercular Agents (therapeutic use), CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Child, Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (complications), Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (epidemiology), Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (microbiology), Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (transmission), Female, HIV Infections (complications), Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Mycobacterium tuberculosis (genetics), Phylogeny, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Prospective Studies, Social Support, South Africa (epidemiology), Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant (drug therapy), Young Adult.
- MESH :
- chemical , therapeutic use : Antitubercular Agents.
- complications : Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, HIV Infections.
- drug therapy : AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant.
- epidemiology : AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis, South Africa.
- genetics : Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
- microbiology : Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis.
- transmission : AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis.
- Adolescent, Adult, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Phylogeny, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Prospective Studies, Social Support, Young Adult.
Abstract
Drug-resistant tuberculosis threatens recent gains in the treatment of tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection worldwide. A widespread epidemic of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis is occurring in South Africa, where cases have increased substantially since 2002. The factors driving this rapid increase have not been fully elucidated, but such knowledge is needed to guide public health interventions.
DOI: 10.1056/NEJMoa1604544
PubMed: 28099825
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N Sarita Shah<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
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<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
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<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
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<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Transmission of Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in South Africa.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Shah, N Sarita" sort="Shah, N Sarita" uniqKey="Shah N" first="N Sarita" last="Shah">N Sarita Shah</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Auld, Sara C" sort="Auld, Sara C" uniqKey="Auld S" first="Sara C" last="Auld">Sara C. Auld</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
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<author><name sortKey="Brust, James C M" sort="Brust, James C M" uniqKey="Brust J" first="James C M" last="Brust">James C M. Brust</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mathema, Barun" sort="Mathema, Barun" uniqKey="Mathema B" first="Barun" last="Mathema">Barun Mathema</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ismail, Nazir" sort="Ismail, Nazir" uniqKey="Ismail N" first="Nazir" last="Ismail">Nazir Ismail</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moodley, Pravi" sort="Moodley, Pravi" uniqKey="Moodley P" first="Pravi" last="Moodley">Pravi Moodley</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mlisana, Koleka" sort="Mlisana, Koleka" uniqKey="Mlisana K" first="Koleka" last="Mlisana">Koleka Mlisana</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Allana, Salim" sort="Allana, Salim" uniqKey="Allana S" first="Salim" last="Allana">Salim Allana</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Campbell, Angela" sort="Campbell, Angela" uniqKey="Campbell A" first="Angela" last="Campbell">Angela Campbell</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mthiyane, Thuli" sort="Mthiyane, Thuli" uniqKey="Mthiyane T" first="Thuli" last="Mthiyane">Thuli Mthiyane</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Morris, Natashia" sort="Morris, Natashia" uniqKey="Morris N" first="Natashia" last="Morris">Natashia Morris</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mpangase, Primrose" sort="Mpangase, Primrose" uniqKey="Mpangase P" first="Primrose" last="Mpangase">Primrose Mpangase</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Der Meulen, Hermina" sort="Van Der Meulen, Hermina" uniqKey="Van Der Meulen H" first="Hermina" last="Van Der Meulen">Hermina Van Der Meulen</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Omar, Shaheed V" sort="Omar, Shaheed V" uniqKey="Omar S" first="Shaheed V" last="Omar">Shaheed V. Omar</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brown, Tyler S" sort="Brown, Tyler S" uniqKey="Brown T" first="Tyler S" last="Brown">Tyler S. Brown</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Narechania, Apurva" sort="Narechania, Apurva" uniqKey="Narechania A" first="Apurva" last="Narechania">Apurva Narechania</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shaskina, Elena" sort="Shaskina, Elena" uniqKey="Shaskina E" first="Elena" last="Shaskina">Elena Shaskina</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kapwata, Thandi" sort="Kapwata, Thandi" uniqKey="Kapwata T" first="Thandi" last="Kapwata">Thandi Kapwata</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kreiswirth, Barry" sort="Kreiswirth, Barry" uniqKey="Kreiswirth B" first="Barry" last="Kreiswirth">Barry Kreiswirth</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gandhi, Neel R" sort="Gandhi, Neel R" uniqKey="Gandhi N" first="Neel R" last="Gandhi">Neel R. Gandhi</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno>
<date when="2017">2017</date>
<idno type="RBID">pubmed:28099825</idno>
<idno type="pmid">28099825</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1056/NEJMoa1604544</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000948</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000948</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">000948</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">000948</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Transmission of Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in South Africa.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Shah, N Sarita" sort="Shah, N Sarita" uniqKey="Shah N" first="N Sarita" last="Shah">N Sarita Shah</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Auld, Sara C" sort="Auld, Sara C" uniqKey="Auld S" first="Sara C" last="Auld">Sara C. Auld</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brust, James C M" sort="Brust, James C M" uniqKey="Brust J" first="James C M" last="Brust">James C M. Brust</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mathema, Barun" sort="Mathema, Barun" uniqKey="Mathema B" first="Barun" last="Mathema">Barun Mathema</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ismail, Nazir" sort="Ismail, Nazir" uniqKey="Ismail N" first="Nazir" last="Ismail">Nazir Ismail</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moodley, Pravi" sort="Moodley, Pravi" uniqKey="Moodley P" first="Pravi" last="Moodley">Pravi Moodley</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mlisana, Koleka" sort="Mlisana, Koleka" uniqKey="Mlisana K" first="Koleka" last="Mlisana">Koleka Mlisana</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Allana, Salim" sort="Allana, Salim" uniqKey="Allana S" first="Salim" last="Allana">Salim Allana</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Campbell, Angela" sort="Campbell, Angela" uniqKey="Campbell A" first="Angela" last="Campbell">Angela Campbell</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mthiyane, Thuli" sort="Mthiyane, Thuli" uniqKey="Mthiyane T" first="Thuli" last="Mthiyane">Thuli Mthiyane</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Morris, Natashia" sort="Morris, Natashia" uniqKey="Morris N" first="Natashia" last="Morris">Natashia Morris</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mpangase, Primrose" sort="Mpangase, Primrose" uniqKey="Mpangase P" first="Primrose" last="Mpangase">Primrose Mpangase</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Der Meulen, Hermina" sort="Van Der Meulen, Hermina" uniqKey="Van Der Meulen H" first="Hermina" last="Van Der Meulen">Hermina Van Der Meulen</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Omar, Shaheed V" sort="Omar, Shaheed V" uniqKey="Omar S" first="Shaheed V" last="Omar">Shaheed V. Omar</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Brown, Tyler S" sort="Brown, Tyler S" uniqKey="Brown T" first="Tyler S" last="Brown">Tyler S. Brown</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Narechania, Apurva" sort="Narechania, Apurva" uniqKey="Narechania A" first="Apurva" last="Narechania">Apurva Narechania</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shaskina, Elena" sort="Shaskina, Elena" uniqKey="Shaskina E" first="Elena" last="Shaskina">Elena Shaskina</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kapwata, Thandi" sort="Kapwata, Thandi" uniqKey="Kapwata T" first="Thandi" last="Kapwata">Thandi Kapwata</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kreiswirth, Barry" sort="Kreiswirth, Barry" uniqKey="Kreiswirth B" first="Barry" last="Kreiswirth">Barry Kreiswirth</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gandhi, Neel R" sort="Gandhi, Neel R" uniqKey="Gandhi N" first="Neel R" last="Gandhi">Neel R. Gandhi</name>
<affiliation><nlm:affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</nlm:affiliation>
<wicri:noCountry code="subField">B.K.).</wicri:noCountry>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">The New England journal of medicine</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1533-4406</idno>
<imprint><date when="2017" type="published">2017</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections (drug therapy)</term>
<term>AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections (epidemiology)</term>
<term>AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections (transmission)</term>
<term>Adolescent</term>
<term>Adult</term>
<term>Antitubercular Agents (therapeutic use)</term>
<term>CD4 Lymphocyte Count</term>
<term>Child</term>
<term>Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (complications)</term>
<term>Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (epidemiology)</term>
<term>Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (microbiology)</term>
<term>Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis (transmission)</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>HIV Infections (complications)</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Male</term>
<term>Middle Aged</term>
<term>Mycobacterium tuberculosis (genetics)</term>
<term>Phylogeny</term>
<term>Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide</term>
<term>Prospective Studies</term>
<term>Social Support</term>
<term>South Africa (epidemiology)</term>
<term>Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant (drug therapy)</term>
<term>Young Adult</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adolescent</term>
<term>Adulte</term>
<term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term>
<term>Antituberculeux (usage thérapeutique)</term>
<term>Enfant</term>
<term>Femelle</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Infections opportunistes liées au SIDA (traitement médicamenteux)</term>
<term>Infections opportunistes liées au SIDA (transmission)</term>
<term>Infections opportunistes liées au SIDA (épidémiologie)</term>
<term>Infections à VIH ()</term>
<term>Jeune adulte</term>
<term>Mycobacterium tuberculosis (génétique)</term>
<term>Mâle</term>
<term>Numération des lymphocytes CD4</term>
<term>Phylogénie</term>
<term>Polymorphisme de nucléotide simple</term>
<term>République d'Afrique du Sud (épidémiologie)</term>
<term>Soutien social</term>
<term>Tuberculose multirésistante (traitement médicamenteux)</term>
<term>Tuberculose ultrarésistante aux médicaments ()</term>
<term>Tuberculose ultrarésistante aux médicaments (microbiologie)</term>
<term>Tuberculose ultrarésistante aux médicaments (transmission)</term>
<term>Tuberculose ultrarésistante aux médicaments (épidémiologie)</term>
<term>Études prospectives</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="therapeutic use" xml:lang="en"><term>Antitubercular Agents</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="complications" xml:lang="en"><term>Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis</term>
<term>HIV Infections</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug therapy" xml:lang="en"><term>AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections</term>
<term>Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections</term>
<term>Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis</term>
<term>South Africa</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Tuberculose ultrarésistante aux médicaments</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="traitement médicamenteux" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections opportunistes liées au SIDA</term>
<term>Tuberculose multirésistante</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="transmission" xml:lang="en"><term>AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections</term>
<term>Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="usage thérapeutique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Antituberculeux</term>
<term>Infections opportunistes liées au SIDA</term>
<term>Tuberculose ultrarésistante aux médicaments</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="épidémiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Infections opportunistes liées au SIDA</term>
<term>République d'Afrique du Sud</term>
<term>Tuberculose ultrarésistante aux médicaments</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent</term>
<term>Adult</term>
<term>CD4 Lymphocyte Count</term>
<term>Child</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Male</term>
<term>Middle Aged</term>
<term>Phylogeny</term>
<term>Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide</term>
<term>Prospective Studies</term>
<term>Social Support</term>
<term>Young Adult</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adolescent</term>
<term>Adulte</term>
<term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term>
<term>Enfant</term>
<term>Femelle</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Infections à VIH</term>
<term>Jeune adulte</term>
<term>Mâle</term>
<term>Numération des lymphocytes CD4</term>
<term>Phylogénie</term>
<term>Polymorphisme de nucléotide simple</term>
<term>Soutien social</term>
<term>Tuberculose ultrarésistante aux médicaments</term>
<term>Études prospectives</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Drug-resistant tuberculosis threatens recent gains in the treatment of tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection worldwide. A widespread epidemic of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis is occurring in South Africa, where cases have increased substantially since 2002. The factors driving this rapid increase have not been fully elucidated, but such knowledge is needed to guide public health interventions.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">28099825</PMID>
<DateCreated><Year>2017</Year>
<Month>01</Month>
<Day>18</Day>
</DateCreated>
<DateCompleted><Year>2017</Year>
<Month>02</Month>
<Day>07</Day>
</DateCompleted>
<DateRevised><Year>2017</Year>
<Month>10</Month>
<Day>21</Day>
</DateRevised>
<Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1533-4406</ISSN>
<JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>376</Volume>
<Issue>3</Issue>
<PubDate><Year>2017</Year>
<Month>01</Month>
<Day>19</Day>
</PubDate>
</JournalIssue>
<Title>The New England journal of medicine</Title>
<ISOAbbreviation>N. Engl. J. Med.</ISOAbbreviation>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>Transmission of Extensively Drug-Resistant Tuberculosis in South Africa.</ArticleTitle>
<Pagination><MedlinePgn>243-253</MedlinePgn>
</Pagination>
<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1056/NEJMoa1604544</ELocationID>
<Abstract><AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND">Drug-resistant tuberculosis threatens recent gains in the treatment of tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection worldwide. A widespread epidemic of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) tuberculosis is occurring in South Africa, where cases have increased substantially since 2002. The factors driving this rapid increase have not been fully elucidated, but such knowledge is needed to guide public health interventions.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="METHODS">We conducted a prospective study involving 404 participants in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa, with a diagnosis of XDR tuberculosis between 2011 and 2014. Interviews and medical-record reviews were used to elicit information on the participants' history of tuberculosis and HIV infection, hospitalizations, and social networks. Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates underwent insertion sequence (IS)6110 restriction-fragment-length polymorphism analysis, targeted gene sequencing, and whole-genome sequencing. We used clinical and genotypic case definitions to calculate the proportion of cases of XDR tuberculosis that were due to inadequate treatment of multidrug-resistant (MDR) tuberculosis (i.e., acquired resistance) versus those that were due to transmission (i.e., transmitted resistance). We used social-network analysis to identify community and hospital locations of transmission.</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="RESULTS">Of the 404 participants, 311 (77%) had HIV infection; the median CD4+ count was 340 cells per cubic millimeter (interquartile range, 117 to 431). A total of 280 participants (69%) had never received treatment for MDR tuberculosis. Genotypic analysis in 386 participants revealed that 323 (84%) belonged to 1 of 31 clusters. Clusters ranged from 2 to 14 participants, except for 1 large cluster of 212 participants (55%) with a LAM4/KZN strain. Person-to-person or hospital-based epidemiologic links were identified in 123 of 404 participants (30%).</AbstractText>
<AbstractText Label="CONCLUSIONS">The majority of cases of XDR tuberculosis in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa, an area with a high tuberculosis burden, were probably due to transmission rather than to inadequate treatment of MDR tuberculosis. These data suggest that control of the epidemic of drug-resistant tuberculosis requires an increased focus on interrupting transmission. (Funded by the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases and others.).</AbstractText>
</Abstract>
<AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Shah</LastName>
<ForeName>N Sarita</ForeName>
<Initials>NS</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Auld</LastName>
<ForeName>Sara C</ForeName>
<Initials>SC</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Brust</LastName>
<ForeName>James C M</ForeName>
<Initials>JC</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mathema</LastName>
<ForeName>Barun</ForeName>
<Initials>B</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ismail</LastName>
<ForeName>Nazir</ForeName>
<Initials>N</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Moodley</LastName>
<ForeName>Pravi</ForeName>
<Initials>P</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mlisana</LastName>
<ForeName>Koleka</ForeName>
<Initials>K</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Allana</LastName>
<ForeName>Salim</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Campbell</LastName>
<ForeName>Angela</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mthiyane</LastName>
<ForeName>Thuli</ForeName>
<Initials>T</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Morris</LastName>
<ForeName>Natashia</ForeName>
<Initials>N</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mpangase</LastName>
<ForeName>Primrose</ForeName>
<Initials>P</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>van der Meulen</LastName>
<ForeName>Hermina</ForeName>
<Initials>H</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Omar</LastName>
<ForeName>Shaheed V</ForeName>
<Initials>SV</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Brown</LastName>
<ForeName>Tyler S</ForeName>
<Initials>TS</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Narechania</LastName>
<ForeName>Apurva</ForeName>
<Initials>A</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Shaskina</LastName>
<ForeName>Elena</ForeName>
<Initials>E</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kapwata</LastName>
<ForeName>Thandi</ForeName>
<Initials>T</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kreiswirth</LastName>
<ForeName>Barry</ForeName>
<Initials>B</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gandhi</LastName>
<ForeName>Neel R</ForeName>
<Initials>NR</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>From the Emory University Rollins School of Public Health and School of Medicine (N.S.S., S.C.A., S.A., A.C., N.R.G.) and the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (N.S.S.) - both in Atlanta; Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Montefiore Medical Center (N.S.S., J.C.M.B., N.R.G.), Columbia University Mailman School of Public Health (B.M., T.S.B.), and the American Museum of Natural History (A.N.) - all in New York; the National Institute for Communicable Diseases, Johannesburg (N.I., H.M., S.V.O.), University of KwaZulu-Natal and National Health Laboratory Service, Durban (P. Moodley, K.M., T.M., P. Mpangase), and the South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town (N.M., T.K.) - all in South Africa; and the Public Health Research Institute, New Jersey Medical School-Rutgers University, Newark (E.S., B.K.).</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
</AuthorList>
<Language>eng</Language>
<GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>T32 HL116271</GrantID>
<Acronym>HL</Acronym>
<Agency>NHLBI NIH HHS</Agency>
<Country>United States</Country>
</Grant>
<Grant><GrantID>P30 AI050409</GrantID>
<Acronym>AI</Acronym>
<Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency>
<Country>United States</Country>
</Grant>
<Grant><GrantID>P30 AI051519</GrantID>
<Acronym>AI</Acronym>
<Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency>
<Country>United States</Country>
</Grant>
<Grant><GrantID>R01 AI089349</GrantID>
<Acronym>AI</Acronym>
<Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency>
<Country>United States</Country>
</Grant>
<Grant><GrantID>UL1 TR000454</GrantID>
<Acronym>TR</Acronym>
<Agency>NCATS NIH HHS</Agency>
<Country>United States</Country>
</Grant>
<Grant><GrantID>UL1 TR001073</GrantID>
<Acronym>TR</Acronym>
<Agency>NCATS NIH HHS</Agency>
<Country>United States</Country>
</Grant>
<Grant><GrantID>R01 AI087465</GrantID>
<Acronym>AI</Acronym>
<Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency>
<Country>United States</Country>
</Grant>
<Grant><GrantID>K24 AI114444</GrantID>
<Acronym>AI</Acronym>
<Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency>
<Country>United States</Country>
</Grant>
<Grant><GrantID>K23 AI083088</GrantID>
<Acronym>AI</Acronym>
<Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency>
<Country>United States</Country>
</Grant>
</GrantList>
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<PublicationType UI="D052061">Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural</PublicationType>
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<MedlineTA>N Engl J Med</MedlineTA>
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<ISSNLinking>0028-4793</ISSNLinking>
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<CitationSubset>AIM</CitationSubset>
<CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset>
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<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008875" MajorTopicYN="N">Middle Aged</DescriptorName>
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<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D009169" MajorTopicYN="N">Mycobacterium tuberculosis</DescriptorName>
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