Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 and Type I Interferons—Where Sex Makes a Difference
Identifieur interne : 000674 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000673; suivant : 000675Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 and Type I Interferons—Where Sex Makes a Difference
Auteurs : Susanne Maria Ziegler [Allemagne] ; Marcus Altfeld [Allemagne]Source :
- Frontiers in Immunology [ 1664-3224 ] ; 2017.
Abstract
The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 epidemic continues to represent a global health problem that is over-proportionally affecting women from sub-Saharan Africa. Besides social and environmental factors, the modulation of immunological pathways by sex hormones and gene dosage effects of X chromosomal-encoded genes have been suggested to lead to differential outcomes in HIV-1 disease. Women present with lower HIV-1 loads early in infection. However, the progression to AIDS for the same level of viremia is faster in women than in men. Type I interferons (IFNs) play a prominent role in the control of HIV-1 transmission and replication. Continuous stimulation of type I IFNs in chronic viral infections can lead to increased levels of immune activation, which can be higher in HIV-1-infected women than in men. A role of steroid hormone signaling in regulating viral replication has been postulated, which might further account for sex differences observed in HIV-1 infections. Here, we review recent findings and current knowledge on sex-specific differences in HIV-1 infections.
Url:
DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01224
PubMed: 29033943
PubMed Central: 5625005
Affiliations:
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 epidemic continues to represent a global health problem that is over-proportionally affecting women from sub-Saharan Africa. Besides social and environmental factors, the modulation of immunological pathways by sex hormones and gene dosage effects of X chromosomal-encoded genes have been suggested to lead to differential outcomes in HIV-1 disease. Women present with lower HIV-1 loads early in infection. However, the progression to AIDS for the same level of viremia is faster in women than in men. Type I interferons (IFNs) play a prominent role in the control of HIV-1 transmission and replication. Continuous stimulation of type I IFNs in chronic viral infections can lead to increased levels of immune activation, which can be higher in HIV-1-infected women than in men. A role of steroid hormone signaling in regulating viral replication has been postulated, which might further account for sex differences observed in HIV-1 infections. Here, we review recent findings and current knowledge on sex-specific differences in HIV-1 infections.</p>
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</TEI>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li>
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<tree><country name="Allemagne"><noRegion><name sortKey="Ziegler, Susanne Maria" sort="Ziegler, Susanne Maria" uniqKey="Ziegler S" first="Susanne Maria" last="Ziegler">Susanne Maria Ziegler</name>
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