Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. among School Children in a Rural Area of the Amhara Region, North-West Ethiopia
Identifieur interne : 000E66 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000E65; suivant : 000E67Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of Giardia duodenalis and Cryptosporidium spp. among School Children in a Rural Area of the Amhara Region, North-West Ethiopia
Auteurs : Aida De Lucio [Espagne] ; Aranzazu Amor-Aramendía [Espagne] ; Bego A Bailo [Espagne] ; José M. Saugar [Espagne] ; Melaku Anegagrie [Espagne] ; Ana Arroyo [Espagne] ; Beatriz L Pez-Quintana [Espagne] ; Derjew Zewdie [Éthiopie] ; Zimmam Ayehubizu [Éthiopie] ; Endalew Yizengaw [Éthiopie] ; Bayeh Abera [Éthiopie] ; Mulat Yimer [Éthiopie] ; Wondemagen Mulu [Éthiopie] ; Tadesse Hailu [Éthiopie] ; Zaida Herrador [Espagne] ; Isabel Fuentes [Espagne] ; David Carmena [Espagne]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
We report here the prevalence and genetic diversity of
The PCR-based prevalences of
Our data suggest an epidemiological scenario with an elevated transmission intensity of a wide range of
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0159992
PubMed: 27466809
PubMed Central: 4965151
Affiliations:
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Prevalence and Genetic Diversity of <italic>Giardia duodenalis</italic> and <italic>Cryptosporidium</italic> spp. among School Children in a Rural Area of the Amhara Region, North-West Ethiopia</title><author><name sortKey="De Lucio, Aida" sort="De Lucio, Aida" uniqKey="De Lucio A" first="Aida" last="De Lucio">Aida De Lucio</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Parasitology Service, National Centre for Microbiology, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Parasitology Service, National Centre for Microbiology, Majadahonda, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Amor Aramendia, Aranzazu" sort="Amor Aramendia, Aranzazu" uniqKey="Amor Aramendia A" first="Aranzazu" last="Amor-Aramendía">Aranzazu Amor-Aramendía</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>National Centre of Tropical Medicine, Madrid, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>National Centre of Tropical Medicine, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Mundo Sano Foundation, Madrid, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Mundo Sano Foundation, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bailo, Bego A" sort="Bailo, Bego A" uniqKey="Bailo B" first="Bego A" last="Bailo">Bego A Bailo</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Parasitology Service, National Centre for Microbiology, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Parasitology Service, National Centre for Microbiology, Majadahonda, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saugar, Jose M" sort="Saugar, Jose M" uniqKey="Saugar J" first="José M." last="Saugar">José M. Saugar</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Parasitology Service, National Centre for Microbiology, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Parasitology Service, National Centre for Microbiology, Majadahonda, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anegagrie, Melaku" sort="Anegagrie, Melaku" uniqKey="Anegagrie M" first="Melaku" last="Anegagrie">Melaku Anegagrie</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>National Centre of Tropical Medicine, Madrid, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>National Centre of Tropical Medicine, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Mundo Sano Foundation, Madrid, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Mundo Sano Foundation, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arroyo, Ana" sort="Arroyo, Ana" uniqKey="Arroyo A" first="Ana" last="Arroyo">Ana Arroyo</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>Microbiology and Parasitology Service, La Paz-Carlos III Hospital, Madrid, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Microbiology and Parasitology Service, La Paz-Carlos III Hospital, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="L Pez Quintana, Beatriz" sort="L Pez Quintana, Beatriz" uniqKey="L Pez Quintana B" first="Beatriz" last="L Pez-Quintana">Beatriz L Pez-Quintana</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>Microbiology and Parasitology Service, La Paz-Carlos III Hospital, Madrid, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Microbiology and Parasitology Service, La Paz-Carlos III Hospital, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zewdie, Derjew" sort="Zewdie, Derjew" uniqKey="Zewdie D" first="Derjew" last="Zewdie">Derjew Zewdie</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bahir Dar</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ayehubizu, Zimmam" sort="Ayehubizu, Zimmam" uniqKey="Ayehubizu Z" first="Zimmam" last="Ayehubizu">Zimmam Ayehubizu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bahir Dar</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yizengaw, Endalew" sort="Yizengaw, Endalew" uniqKey="Yizengaw E" first="Endalew" last="Yizengaw">Endalew Yizengaw</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bahir Dar</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abera, Bayeh" sort="Abera, Bayeh" uniqKey="Abera B" first="Bayeh" last="Abera">Bayeh Abera</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bahir Dar</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yimer, Mulat" sort="Yimer, Mulat" uniqKey="Yimer M" first="Mulat" last="Yimer">Mulat Yimer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bahir Dar</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mulu, Wondemagen" sort="Mulu, Wondemagen" uniqKey="Mulu W" first="Wondemagen" last="Mulu">Wondemagen Mulu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bahir Dar</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hailu, Tadesse" sort="Hailu, Tadesse" uniqKey="Hailu T" first="Tadesse" last="Hailu">Tadesse Hailu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bahir Dar</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Herrador, Zaida" sort="Herrador, Zaida" uniqKey="Herrador Z" first="Zaida" last="Herrador">Zaida Herrador</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff 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last="De Lucio">Aida De Lucio</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Parasitology Service, National Centre for Microbiology, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Parasitology Service, National Centre for Microbiology, Majadahonda, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Amor Aramendia, Aranzazu" sort="Amor Aramendia, Aranzazu" uniqKey="Amor Aramendia A" first="Aranzazu" last="Amor-Aramendía">Aranzazu Amor-Aramendía</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>National Centre of Tropical Medicine, Madrid, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>National Centre of Tropical Medicine, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Mundo Sano Foundation, Madrid, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Mundo Sano Foundation, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bailo, Bego A" sort="Bailo, Bego A" uniqKey="Bailo B" first="Bego A" last="Bailo">Bego A Bailo</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Parasitology Service, National Centre for Microbiology, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Parasitology Service, National Centre for Microbiology, Majadahonda, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saugar, Jose M" sort="Saugar, Jose M" uniqKey="Saugar J" first="José M." last="Saugar">José M. Saugar</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Parasitology Service, National Centre for Microbiology, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Parasitology Service, National Centre for Microbiology, Majadahonda, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Anegagrie, Melaku" sort="Anegagrie, Melaku" uniqKey="Anegagrie M" first="Melaku" last="Anegagrie">Melaku Anegagrie</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>National Centre of Tropical Medicine, Madrid, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>National Centre of Tropical Medicine, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff003"><addr-line>Mundo Sano Foundation, Madrid, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Mundo Sano Foundation, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Arroyo, Ana" sort="Arroyo, Ana" uniqKey="Arroyo A" first="Ana" last="Arroyo">Ana Arroyo</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>Microbiology and Parasitology Service, La Paz-Carlos III Hospital, Madrid, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Microbiology and Parasitology Service, La Paz-Carlos III Hospital, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="L Pez Quintana, Beatriz" sort="L Pez Quintana, Beatriz" uniqKey="L Pez Quintana B" first="Beatriz" last="L Pez-Quintana">Beatriz L Pez-Quintana</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff004"><addr-line>Microbiology and Parasitology Service, La Paz-Carlos III Hospital, Madrid, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Microbiology and Parasitology Service, La Paz-Carlos III Hospital, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zewdie, Derjew" sort="Zewdie, Derjew" uniqKey="Zewdie D" first="Derjew" last="Zewdie">Derjew Zewdie</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bahir Dar</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ayehubizu, Zimmam" sort="Ayehubizu, Zimmam" uniqKey="Ayehubizu Z" first="Zimmam" last="Ayehubizu">Zimmam Ayehubizu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bahir Dar</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yizengaw, Endalew" sort="Yizengaw, Endalew" uniqKey="Yizengaw E" first="Endalew" last="Yizengaw">Endalew Yizengaw</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bahir Dar</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abera, Bayeh" sort="Abera, Bayeh" uniqKey="Abera B" first="Bayeh" last="Abera">Bayeh Abera</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bahir Dar</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Yimer, Mulat" sort="Yimer, Mulat" uniqKey="Yimer M" first="Mulat" last="Yimer">Mulat Yimer</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bahir Dar</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mulu, Wondemagen" sort="Mulu, Wondemagen" uniqKey="Mulu W" first="Wondemagen" last="Mulu">Wondemagen Mulu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bahir Dar</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hailu, Tadesse" sort="Hailu, Tadesse" uniqKey="Hailu T" first="Tadesse" last="Hailu">Tadesse Hailu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff005"><addr-line>Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar, Ethiopia</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Éthiopie</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, College of Medicine and Health Science, Bahir Dar</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bahir Dar</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Herrador, Zaida" sort="Herrador, Zaida" uniqKey="Herrador Z" first="Zaida" last="Herrador">Zaida Herrador</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff002"><addr-line>National Centre of Tropical Medicine, Madrid, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>National Centre of Tropical Medicine, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fuentes, Isabel" sort="Fuentes, Isabel" uniqKey="Fuentes I" first="Isabel" last="Fuentes">Isabel Fuentes</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Parasitology Service, National Centre for Microbiology, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Parasitology Service, National Centre for Microbiology, Majadahonda, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Carmena, David" sort="Carmena, David" uniqKey="Carmena D" first="David" last="Carmena">David Carmena</name><affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:aff id="aff001"><addr-line>Parasitology Service, National Centre for Microbiology, Majadahonda, Madrid, Spain</addr-line></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Parasitology Service, National Centre for Microbiology, Majadahonda, Madrid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><settlement type="city">Madrid</settlement><region nuts="2" type="region">Communauté de Madrid</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title><idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno><imprint><date when="2016">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="sec001"><title>Backgroud</title><p><italic>Giardia duodenalis</italic> and <italic>Cryptosporidium</italic> spp. are enteric protozoan causing gastrointestinal illness in humans and animals. Giardiasis and cryptosporidiosis are not formally considered as neglected tropical diseases, but belong to the group of poverty-related infectious diseases that impair the development and socio-economic potential of infected individuals in developing countries.</p></sec><sec id="sec002"><title>Methods</title><p>We report here the prevalence and genetic diversity of <italic>G</italic>. <italic>duodenalis</italic> and <italic>Cryptosporidium</italic> spp. in children attending rural primary schools in the Bahir Dar district of the Amhara Region, Ethiopia. Stool samples were collected from 393 children and analysed by molecular methods. <italic>G</italic>. <italic>duodenalis</italic> was detected by real-time PCR, and the assemblages and sub-assemblages were determined by multilocus sequence-based genotyping of the glutamate dehydrogenase and β-giardin genes of the parasite. Detection and identification of <italic>Cryptosporidium</italic> species was carried out by sequencing of a partial fragment of the small-subunit ribosomal RNA gene.</p></sec><sec id="sec003"><title>Principal Findings</title><p>The PCR-based prevalences of <italic>G</italic>. <italic>duodenalis</italic> and <italic>Cryptosporidium</italic> spp. were 55.0% (216/393) and 4.6% (18/393), respectively. A total of 78 <italic>G</italic>. <italic>duodenalis</italic> isolates were successfully characterized, revealing the presence of sub-assemblages AII (10.3%), BIII (28.2%), and BIV (32.0%). Discordant typing results AII/AIII and BIII/BIV were identified in 7.7% and 15.4% of the isolates, respectively. An additional five (6.4%) isolates were assigned to assemblage B. No mixed infections of assemblages A+B were found. Extensive genetic variation at the nucleotide level was observed within assemblage B (but no within assemblage A), resulting in the identification of a large number of sub-types. <italic>Cryptosporidium</italic> diversity was demonstrated by the occurrence of <italic>C</italic>. <italic>hominis</italic>, <italic>C</italic>. <italic>parvum</italic>, and <italic>C</italic>. <italic>viatorum</italic> in the population under study.</p></sec><sec id="sec004"><title>Conclusions</title><p>Our data suggest an epidemiological scenario with an elevated transmission intensity of a wide range of <italic>G</italic>. <italic>duodenalis</italic> genetic variants. Importantly, the elevated degree of genetic diversity observed within assemblage B is consistent with the occurrence of intra-assemblage recombination in <italic>G</italic>. <italic>duodenalis</italic>.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Walker, Cl" uniqKey="Walker C">CL Walker</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rudan, I" uniqKey="Rudan I">I Rudan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, L" uniqKey="Liu L">L Liu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nair, H" uniqKey="Nair H">H Nair</name></author><author><name sortKey="Theodoratou, E" uniqKey="Theodoratou E">E Theodoratou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bhutta, Za" uniqKey="Bhutta Z">ZA Bhutta</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mosier, Da" uniqKey="Mosier D">DA Mosier</name></author><author><name sortKey="Oberst, Rd" uniqKey="Oberst R">RD 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Robinson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Crouch, Nd" uniqKey="Crouch N">ND Crouch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chalmers, Rm" uniqKey="Chalmers R">RM Chalmers</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Insulander, M" uniqKey="Insulander M">M Insulander</name></author><author><name sortKey="Silverl S, C" uniqKey="Silverl S C">C Silverlås</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lebbad, M" uniqKey="Lebbad M">M Lebbad</name></author><author><name sortKey="Karlsson, L" uniqKey="Karlsson L">L Karlsson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mattsson, Jg" uniqKey="Mattsson J">JG Mattsson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Svenungsson, B" uniqKey="Svenungsson B">B Svenungsson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lebbad, M" uniqKey="Lebbad M">M Lebbad</name></author><author><name sortKey="Beser, J" uniqKey="Beser J">J Beser</name></author><author><name sortKey="Insulander, M" uniqKey="Insulander M">M Insulander</name></author><author><name sortKey="Karlsson, L" uniqKey="Karlsson L">L Karlsson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mattsson, Jg" uniqKey="Mattsson J">JG Mattsson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Svenungsson, B" uniqKey="Svenungsson B">B Svenungsson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Adamu, H" uniqKey="Adamu H">H Adamu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Petros, B" uniqKey="Petros B">B Petros</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, G" uniqKey="Zhang G">G Zhang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kassa, H" uniqKey="Kassa H">H Kassa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Amer, S" uniqKey="Amer S">S Amer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ye, J" uniqKey="Ye J">J Ye</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ayinmode, Ab" uniqKey="Ayinmode A">AB Ayinmode</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, H" uniqKey="Zhang H">H Zhang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dada Adegbola, Ho" uniqKey="Dada Adegbola H">HO Dada-Adegbola</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xiao, L" uniqKey="Xiao L">L Xiao</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>Espagne</li><li>Éthiopie</li></country><region><li>Communauté de Madrid</li></region><settlement><li>Madrid</li></settlement></list><tree><country name="Espagne"><region name="Communauté de Madrid"><name sortKey="De Lucio, Aida" sort="De Lucio, Aida" uniqKey="De Lucio A" first="Aida" last="De Lucio">Aida De Lucio</name></region><name sortKey="Amor Aramendia, Aranzazu" sort="Amor Aramendia, Aranzazu" uniqKey="Amor Aramendia A" first="Aranzazu" last="Amor-Aramendía">Aranzazu Amor-Aramendía</name><name sortKey="Amor Aramendia, Aranzazu" sort="Amor Aramendia, Aranzazu" uniqKey="Amor Aramendia A" first="Aranzazu" last="Amor-Aramendía">Aranzazu Amor-Aramendía</name><name sortKey="Anegagrie, Melaku" sort="Anegagrie, Melaku" uniqKey="Anegagrie M" first="Melaku" last="Anegagrie">Melaku Anegagrie</name><name sortKey="Anegagrie, Melaku" sort="Anegagrie, Melaku" uniqKey="Anegagrie M" first="Melaku" last="Anegagrie">Melaku Anegagrie</name><name sortKey="Arroyo, Ana" sort="Arroyo, Ana" uniqKey="Arroyo A" first="Ana" last="Arroyo">Ana Arroyo</name><name sortKey="Bailo, Bego A" sort="Bailo, Bego A" uniqKey="Bailo B" first="Bego A" last="Bailo">Bego A Bailo</name><name sortKey="Carmena, David" sort="Carmena, David" uniqKey="Carmena D" first="David" last="Carmena">David Carmena</name><name sortKey="Fuentes, Isabel" sort="Fuentes, Isabel" uniqKey="Fuentes I" first="Isabel" last="Fuentes">Isabel Fuentes</name><name sortKey="Herrador, Zaida" sort="Herrador, Zaida" uniqKey="Herrador Z" first="Zaida" last="Herrador">Zaida Herrador</name><name sortKey="L Pez Quintana, Beatriz" sort="L Pez Quintana, Beatriz" uniqKey="L Pez Quintana B" first="Beatriz" last="L Pez-Quintana">Beatriz L Pez-Quintana</name><name sortKey="Saugar, Jose M" sort="Saugar, Jose M" uniqKey="Saugar J" first="José M." last="Saugar">José M. Saugar</name></country><country name="Éthiopie"><noRegion><name sortKey="Zewdie, Derjew" sort="Zewdie, Derjew" uniqKey="Zewdie D" first="Derjew" last="Zewdie">Derjew Zewdie</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Abera, Bayeh" sort="Abera, Bayeh" uniqKey="Abera B" first="Bayeh" last="Abera">Bayeh Abera</name><name sortKey="Ayehubizu, Zimmam" sort="Ayehubizu, Zimmam" uniqKey="Ayehubizu Z" first="Zimmam" last="Ayehubizu">Zimmam Ayehubizu</name><name sortKey="Hailu, Tadesse" sort="Hailu, Tadesse" uniqKey="Hailu T" first="Tadesse" last="Hailu">Tadesse Hailu</name><name sortKey="Mulu, Wondemagen" sort="Mulu, Wondemagen" uniqKey="Mulu W" first="Wondemagen" last="Mulu">Wondemagen Mulu</name><name sortKey="Yimer, Mulat" sort="Yimer, Mulat" uniqKey="Yimer M" first="Mulat" last="Yimer">Mulat Yimer</name><name sortKey="Yizengaw, Endalew" sort="Yizengaw, Endalew" uniqKey="Yizengaw E" first="Endalew" last="Yizengaw">Endalew Yizengaw</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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