Ancient Leishmaniasis in a Highland Desert of Northern Chile
Identifieur interne : 000926 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000925; suivant : 000927Ancient Leishmaniasis in a Highland Desert of Northern Chile
Auteurs : Maria Antonietta Costa [Chili] ; Carney Matheson [Canada] ; Lucia Iachetta [Canada] ; Agustín Llagostera [Chili] ; Otto Appenzeller [États-Unis]Source :
- PLoS ONE [ 1932-6203 ] ; 2009.
Descripteurs français
- Wicri :
- geographic : Chili.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- geographic : Chile.
- diagnosis : Leishmaniasis.
- history : Leishmaniasis.
- injuries : Skull.
- parasitology : Skull.
- transmission : Leishmaniasis.
- Animals, Climate, Cultural Characteristics, Emigration and Immigration, Female, Geography, History, Ancient, Humans, Male, Paleopathology.
Abstract
Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease endemic today in many areas of South America.
We discovered morphologic and molecular evidence of ancient infections in 4 female skulls in the archaeological cemetery of Coyo Oriente, in the desert of San Pedro de Atacama, Northern Chile. The boney facial lesions visible in the skulls could have been caused by a number of chronic infections including chronic Leishmaniasis. This diagnosis was confirmed using PCR-sequenced analyses of bone fragments from the skulls of the affected individuals.Leishmaniasis is not normally found in the high-altitude desert of Northern Chile; where the harsh climate does not allow the parasite to complete its life cycle. The presence of Leishmaniasis in ancient skulls from the region implies infection by the protozoan in an endemic area–likely, in our subjects, to have been the lowlands of North-Eastern Argentina or in Southern Bolivia.
We propose that the presence of the disease in ancient times in the high altitude desert of San Pedro de Atacama is the result of an exogamic system of patrilocal marriages, where women from different cultures followed their husbands to their ancestral homes, allowing immigrant women, infected early in life, to be incorporated in the Atacama desert society before they became disfigured by the disease. The present globalization of goods and services and the extraordinary facile movement of people across borders and continents have lead to a resurgence of infectious diseases and re-emergence of infections such as Leishmaniasis. We show here that such factors were already present millennia ago, shaping demographic trends and the epidemiology of infections just as they do today.
Url:
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0006983
PubMed: 19746163
PubMed Central: 2735183
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream Pmc, to step Corpus: 000386
- to stream Pmc, to step Curation: 000386
- to stream Pmc, to step Checkpoint: 000211
- to stream PubMed, to step Corpus: 000402
- to stream PubMed, to step Curation: 000402
- to stream PubMed, to step Checkpoint: 000402
- to stream Ncbi, to step Merge: 000972
- to stream Ncbi, to step Curation: 000972
- to stream Ncbi, to step Checkpoint: 000972
- to stream Main, to step Merge: 000938
- to stream Main, to step Curation: 000926
Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Ancient Leishmaniasis in a Highland Desert of Northern Chile</title>
<author><name sortKey="Costa, Maria Antonietta" sort="Costa, Maria Antonietta" uniqKey="Costa M" first="Maria Antonietta" last="Costa">Maria Antonietta Costa</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Instituto Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Museo, Universidad Católica del Norte, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Chili</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Instituto Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Museo, Universidad Católica del Norte, San Pedro de Atacama</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>San Pedro de Atacama</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Matheson, Carney" sort="Matheson, Carney" uniqKey="Matheson C" first="Carney" last="Matheson">Carney Matheson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Paleo-DNA Research, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Paleo-DNA Research, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ontario</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Iachetta, Lucia" sort="Iachetta, Lucia" uniqKey="Iachetta L" first="Lucia" last="Iachetta">Lucia Iachetta</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Department of Anthropology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Anthropology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ontario</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Llagostera, Agustin" sort="Llagostera, Agustin" uniqKey="Llagostera A" first="Agustín" last="Llagostera">Agustín Llagostera</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Instituto Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Museo, Universidad Católica del Norte, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Chili</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Instituto Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Museo, Universidad Católica del Norte, San Pedro de Atacama</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>San Pedro de Atacama</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Appenzeller, Otto" sort="Appenzeller, Otto" uniqKey="Appenzeller O" first="Otto" last="Appenzeller">Otto Appenzeller</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>New Mexico Health Enhancement and Marathon Clinics Research Foundation, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>New Mexico Health Enhancement and Marathon Clinics Research Foundation, Albuquerque, New Mexico</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Nouveau-Mexique</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">19746163</idno>
<idno type="pmc">2735183</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2735183</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:2735183</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.pone.0006983</idno>
<date when="2009">2009</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000386</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000386</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000386</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000386</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000211</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000211</idno>
<idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000402</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000402</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">000402</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">000402</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">000402</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">000402</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">000972</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">000972</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">000972</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">000938</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000926</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000926</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Ancient Leishmaniasis in a Highland Desert of Northern Chile</title>
<author><name sortKey="Costa, Maria Antonietta" sort="Costa, Maria Antonietta" uniqKey="Costa M" first="Maria Antonietta" last="Costa">Maria Antonietta Costa</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Instituto Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Museo, Universidad Católica del Norte, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Chili</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Instituto Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Museo, Universidad Católica del Norte, San Pedro de Atacama</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>San Pedro de Atacama</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Matheson, Carney" sort="Matheson, Carney" uniqKey="Matheson C" first="Carney" last="Matheson">Carney Matheson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><addr-line>Paleo-DNA Research, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario, Canada</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Paleo-DNA Research, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Ontario</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ontario</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Iachetta, Lucia" sort="Iachetta, Lucia" uniqKey="Iachetta L" first="Lucia" last="Iachetta">Lucia Iachetta</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><addr-line>Department of Anthropology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Anthropology, The University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ontario</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Llagostera, Agustin" sort="Llagostera, Agustin" uniqKey="Llagostera A" first="Agustín" last="Llagostera">Agustín Llagostera</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><addr-line>Instituto Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Museo, Universidad Católica del Norte, San Pedro de Atacama, Chile</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Chili</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Instituto Investigaciones Arqueológicas y Museo, Universidad Católica del Norte, San Pedro de Atacama</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>San Pedro de Atacama</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Appenzeller, Otto" sort="Appenzeller, Otto" uniqKey="Appenzeller O" first="Otto" last="Appenzeller">Otto Appenzeller</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><addr-line>New Mexico Health Enhancement and Marathon Clinics Research Foundation, Albuquerque, New Mexico, United States of America</addr-line>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>New Mexico Health Enhancement and Marathon Clinics Research Foundation, Albuquerque, New Mexico</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Nouveau-Mexique</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">PLoS ONE</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1932-6203</idno>
<imprint><date when="2009">2009</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term>
<term>Chile</term>
<term>Climate</term>
<term>Cultural Characteristics</term>
<term>Emigration and Immigration</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Geography</term>
<term>History, Ancient</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Leishmaniasis (diagnosis)</term>
<term>Leishmaniasis (history)</term>
<term>Leishmaniasis (transmission)</term>
<term>Male</term>
<term>Paleopathology</term>
<term>Skull (injuries)</term>
<term>Skull (parasitology)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" xml:lang="en"><term>Chile</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="diagnosis" xml:lang="en"><term>Leishmaniasis</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="history" xml:lang="en"><term>Leishmaniasis</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="injuries" xml:lang="en"><term>Skull</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="parasitology" xml:lang="en"><term>Skull</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="transmission" xml:lang="en"><term>Leishmaniasis</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term>
<term>Climate</term>
<term>Cultural Characteristics</term>
<term>Emigration and Immigration</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Geography</term>
<term>History, Ancient</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Male</term>
<term>Paleopathology</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Wicri" type="geographic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Chili</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title>
<p>Leishmaniasis is an infectious disease endemic today in many areas of South America.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Methodology</title>
<p>We discovered morphologic and molecular evidence of ancient infections in 4 female skulls in the archaeological cemetery of Coyo Oriente, in the desert of San Pedro de Atacama, Northern Chile. The boney facial lesions visible in the skulls could have been caused by a number of chronic infections including chronic Leishmaniasis. This diagnosis was confirmed using PCR-sequenced analyses of bone fragments from the skulls of the affected individuals.Leishmaniasis is not normally found in the high-altitude desert of Northern Chile; where the harsh climate does not allow the parasite to complete its life cycle. The presence of Leishmaniasis in ancient skulls from the region implies infection by the protozoan in an endemic area–likely, in our subjects, to have been the lowlands of North-Eastern Argentina or in Southern Bolivia.</p>
</sec>
<sec><title>Conclusions</title>
<p>We propose that the presence of the disease in ancient times in the high altitude desert of San Pedro de Atacama is the result of an exogamic system of patrilocal marriages, where women from different cultures followed their husbands to their ancestral homes, allowing immigrant women, infected early in life, to be incorporated in the Atacama desert society before they became disfigured by the disease. The present globalization of goods and services and the extraordinary facile movement of people across borders and continents have lead to a resurgence of infectious diseases and re-emergence of infections such as Leishmaniasis. We show here that such factors were already present millennia ago, shaping demographic trends and the epidemiology of infections just as they do today.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
<back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Llagostera, A" uniqKey="Llagostera A">A Llagostera</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Llagostera, A" uniqKey="Llagostera A">A Llagostera</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Torres, Cm" uniqKey="Torres C">CM Torres</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Repke, Db" uniqKey="Repke D">DB Repke</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chan, K" uniqKey="Chan K">K Chan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mckenna, D" uniqKey="Mckenna D">D Mckenna</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Llagostera, A" uniqKey="Llagostera A">A Llagostera</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tello, Jc" uniqKey="Tello J">JC Tello</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hrdlicka, A" uniqKey="Hrdlicka A">A Hrdlicka</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Weiss, Ph" uniqKey="Weiss P">PH Weiss</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Weiss, Ph" uniqKey="Weiss P">PH Weiss</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Weiss, Ph" uniqKey="Weiss P">PH Weiss</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Alison, Mj" uniqKey="Alison M">MJ Alison</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cockburn, Ta" uniqKey="Cockburn T">TA Cockburn</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ubelaker, Dh" uniqKey="Ubelaker D">DH Ubelaker</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Summer, Jw" uniqKey="Summer J">JW Summer</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Summer, Jw" uniqKey="Summer J">JW Summer</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Altamirano, Aj" uniqKey="Altamirano A">AJ Altamirano</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Berenguer, Jad" uniqKey="Berenguer J">JAD Berenguer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Roman, A" uniqKey="Roman A">A Roman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Llagostera, A" uniqKey="Llagostera A">A Llagostera</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Llagostera, A" uniqKey="Llagostera A">A Llagostera</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bass, Wm" uniqKey="Bass W">WM Bass</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Meindl, Rs" uniqKey="Meindl R">RS Meindl</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lovejoy, Co" uniqKey="Lovejoy C">CO Lovejoy</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fauci, As" uniqKey="Fauci A">AS Fauci</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Braunwald, E" uniqKey="Braunwald E">E Braunwald</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kasper, Dl" uniqKey="Kasper D">DL Kasper</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hauser, Sl" uniqKey="Hauser S">SL Hauser</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Longo, Dl" uniqKey="Longo D">DL Longo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Jameson, Jl" uniqKey="Jameson J">JL Jameson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Loscalzo, J" uniqKey="Loscalzo J">J Loscalzo</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zink, Ar" uniqKey="Zink A">AR Zink</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Spigelman, M" uniqKey="Spigelman M">M Spigelman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schraut, B" uniqKey="Schraut B">B Schraut</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Greenblatt, Cl" uniqKey="Greenblatt C">CL Greenblatt</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nerlich, Ag" uniqKey="Nerlich A">AG Nerlich</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rathor, Hr" uniqKey="Rathor H">HR Rathor</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Le Paige, G" uniqKey="Le Paige G">G Le Paige</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Llagostera, A" uniqKey="Llagostera A">A Llagostera</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Altschul, Sf" uniqKey="Altschul S">SF Altschul</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Madden, Tl" uniqKey="Madden T">TL Madden</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sch Ffer, Aa" uniqKey="Sch Ffer A">AA Schäffer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, J" uniqKey="Zhang J">J Zhang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Z" uniqKey="Zhang Z">Z Zhang</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
</listBibl>
</div1>
</back>
</TEI>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Canada</li>
<li>Chili</li>
<li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
<region><li>Nouveau-Mexique</li>
</region>
</list>
<tree><country name="Chili"><noRegion><name sortKey="Costa, Maria Antonietta" sort="Costa, Maria Antonietta" uniqKey="Costa M" first="Maria Antonietta" last="Costa">Maria Antonietta Costa</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Llagostera, Agustin" sort="Llagostera, Agustin" uniqKey="Llagostera A" first="Agustín" last="Llagostera">Agustín Llagostera</name>
</country>
<country name="Canada"><noRegion><name sortKey="Matheson, Carney" sort="Matheson, Carney" uniqKey="Matheson C" first="Carney" last="Matheson">Carney Matheson</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Iachetta, Lucia" sort="Iachetta, Lucia" uniqKey="Iachetta L" first="Lucia" last="Iachetta">Lucia Iachetta</name>
</country>
<country name="États-Unis"><region name="Nouveau-Mexique"><name sortKey="Appenzeller, Otto" sort="Appenzeller, Otto" uniqKey="Appenzeller O" first="Otto" last="Appenzeller">Otto Appenzeller</name>
</region>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Archeologie/explor/PaleopathV1/Data/Main/Exploration
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000926 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd -nk 000926 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien |wiki= Wicri/Archeologie |area= PaleopathV1 |flux= Main |étape= Exploration |type= RBID |clé= PMC:2735183 |texte= Ancient Leishmaniasis in a Highland Desert of Northern Chile }}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:19746163" \ | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd \ | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a PaleopathV1
This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.27. |