Further studies on periodic limb movement disorder and restless legs syndrome in children with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder
Identifieur interne : 004D41 ( Main/Curation ); précédent : 004D40; suivant : 004D42Further studies on periodic limb movement disorder and restless legs syndrome in children with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder
Auteurs : Daniel L. Picchietti [États-Unis] ; Donna J. Underwood [États-Unis] ; William A. Farris [États-Unis] ; Arthur S. Walters [États-Unis] ; Mona M. Shah [États-Unis] ; Ronald E. Dahl [États-Unis] ; Laura J. Trubnick [États-Unis] ; Michele A. Bertocci [États-Unis] ; Mary Wagner [États-Unis] ; Wayne A. Hening [États-Unis]Source :
- Movement Disorders [ 0885-3185 ] ; 1999-11.
Descripteurs français
- Pascal (Inist)
- Wicri :
- topic : Enfant.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Arousal, Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity (diagnosis), Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity (genetics), Attentional disorder, Attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), Child, Child, Preschool, Exploration, Female, Genetic Predisposition to Disease (genetics), Humans, Hyperactivity, Male, Nocturnal Myoclonus Syndrome (diagnosis), Nocturnal Myoclonus Syndrome (genetics), Periodic Limb Movement Disorder (PLMD), Periodic Limb Movements in Sleep (PLMS), Polygraphy, Polysomnography, Restless Legs Syndrome (diagnosis), Restless Legs Syndrome (genetics), Restless legs syndrome, Restless legs syndrome(RLS), Sleep, Sleep disorders.
- MESH :
- diagnosis : Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Nocturnal Myoclonus Syndrome, Restless Legs Syndrome.
- genetics : Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, Nocturnal Myoclonus Syndrome, Restless Legs Syndrome.
- Arousal, Child, Child, Preschool, Female, Humans, Male, Polysomnography.
Abstract
Fourteen consecutive children who were newly diagnosed with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and who had never been exposed to stimulants and 10 control children without ADHD underwent polysomnographic studies to quantify Periodic Limb Movements in Sleep (PLMS) and arousals. Parents commonly gave both false‐negative and false‐positive reports of PLMS in their children, and a sleep study was necessary to confirm their presence or absence. The prevalence of PLMS on polysomnography was higher in the children with ADHD than in the control subjects. Nine of 14 (64%) children with ADHD had PLMS at a rate of >5 per hour of sleep compared with none of the control children (p <0.0015). Three of 14 children with ADHD (21%) had PLMS at a rate of >20 per hour of sleep. Many of the PLMS in the children with ADHD were associated with arousals. Historical sleep times were less for children with ADHD. The children with ADHD who had PLMS chronically got 43 minutes less sleep at home than the control subjects (p = 0.0091). All nine children with ADHD who had a PLMS index of >5 per hour of sleep had a long‐standing clinical history of sleep onset problems (>30 minutes) and/or maintenance problems (more than two full awakenings nightly) thus meeting the criteria for Periodic Limb Movement Disorder (PLMD). None of the control children had a clinical history of sleep onset or maintenance problems. The parents of the children with ADHD were more likely to have restless legs syndrome (RLS) than the parents of the control children. Twenty‐five of 28 biologic parents of the children with ADHD and all of the biologic parents of the control children were reached for interview. Eight of twenty‐five parents of the children with ADHD (32%) had symptoms of RLS as opposed to none of the control parents (p = 0.011). PLMS may directly lead to symptoms of ADHD through the mechanism of sleep disruption. Alternative explanations for the association between ADHD and RLS/PLMS are that they are genetically linked, they share a common dopaminergic deficit, or both.
Url:
DOI: 10.1002/1531-8257(199911)14:6<1000::AID-MDS1014>3.0.CO;2-P
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Daniel L. Picchietti<affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="no comma">University of Illinois College of Medicine at Urbana‐Champaign</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="no comma">University of Illinois College of Medicine at Urbana‐Champaign</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Medical Research, Carle Foundation, Urbana</wicri:cityArea></affiliation><affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="no comma">University of Illinois College of Medicine at Urbana‐Champaign</wicri:noCountry></affiliation>Le document en format XML
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Picchietti</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Pediatric Neurology, Carle Clinic, Urbana</wicri:cityArea></affiliation><affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="no comma">University of Illinois College of Medicine at Urbana‐Champaign</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Underwood, Donna J" sort="Underwood, Donna J" uniqKey="Underwood D" first="Donna J." last="Underwood">Donna J. Underwood</name><affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="no comma">University of Illinois College of Medicine at Urbana‐Champaign</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Medical Research, Carle Foundation, Urbana</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Farris, William A" sort="Farris, William A" uniqKey="Farris W" first="William A." last="Farris">William A. Farris</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Pediatric Neurology, Carle Clinic, Urbana</wicri:cityArea></affiliation><affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="no comma">University of Illinois College of Medicine at Urbana‐Champaign</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Walters, Arthur S" sort="Walters, Arthur S" uniqKey="Walters A" first="Arthur S." last="Walters">Arthur S. Walters</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">New Jersey</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Movement Disorder Group, Department of Neurology, UMDNJ‐Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, and the Neurology Service, VA Medical Center, Lyons</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shah, Mona M" sort="Shah, Mona M" uniqKey="Shah M" first="Mona M." last="Shah">Mona M. Shah</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Rutgers University College of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">New Jersey</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dahl, Ronald E" sort="Dahl, Ronald E" uniqKey="Dahl R" first="Ronald E." last="Dahl">Ronald E. Dahl</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Child and Adolescent Sleep Laboratory and Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Trubnick, Laura J" sort="Trubnick, Laura J" uniqKey="Trubnick L" first="Laura J." last="Trubnick">Laura J. 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Bertocci</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Child and Adolescent Sleep Laboratory and Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wagner, Mary" sort="Wagner, Mary" uniqKey="Wagner M" first="Mary" last="Wagner">Mary Wagner</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Rutgers University College of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">New Jersey</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hening, Wayne A" sort="Hening, Wayne A" uniqKey="Hening W" first="Wayne A." last="Hening">Wayne A. Hening</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">New Jersey</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Movement Disorder Group, Department of Neurology, UMDNJ‐Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, and the Neurology Service, VA Medical Center, Lyons</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Movement Disorders</title><title level="j" type="sub">Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Mov. Disord.</title><idno type="ISSN">0885-3185</idno><idno type="eISSN">1531-8257</idno><imprint><publisher>John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</publisher><pubPlace>New York</pubPlace><date type="published" when="1999-11">1999-11</date><biblScope unit="vol">14</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">6</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1000">1000</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="1007">1007</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0885-3185</idno></series><idno type="istex">9939D5E54B7E12139A7BB54B764A30EB57EC3F0B</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/1531-8257(199911)14:6<1000::AID-MDS1014>3.0.CO;2-P</idno><idno type="ArticleID">MDS1014</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0885-3185</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Arousal</term><term>Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity (diagnosis)</term><term>Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity (genetics)</term><term>Attentional disorder</term><term>Attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)</term><term>Child</term><term>Child, Preschool</term><term>Exploration</term><term>Female</term><term>Genetic Predisposition to Disease (genetics)</term><term>Humans</term><term>Hyperactivity</term><term>Male</term><term>Nocturnal Myoclonus Syndrome (diagnosis)</term><term>Nocturnal Myoclonus Syndrome (genetics)</term><term>Periodic Limb Movement Disorder (PLMD)</term><term>Periodic Limb Movements in Sleep (PLMS)</term><term>Polygraphy</term><term>Polysomnography</term><term>Restless Legs Syndrome (diagnosis)</term><term>Restless Legs Syndrome (genetics)</term><term>Restless legs syndrome</term><term>Restless legs syndrome(RLS)</term><term>Sleep</term><term>Sleep disorders</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="diagnosis" xml:lang="en"><term>Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity</term><term>Nocturnal Myoclonus Syndrome</term><term>Restless Legs Syndrome</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity</term><term>Genetic Predisposition to Disease</term><term>Nocturnal Myoclonus Syndrome</term><term>Restless Legs Syndrome</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Arousal</term><term>Child</term><term>Child, Preschool</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Polysomnography</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Enfant</term><term>Exploration</term><term>Hyperactivité</term><term>Impatience membre inférieur syndrome</term><term>Polygraphie</term><term>Sommeil</term><term>Trouble attention</term><term>Trouble fonctionnel minime encéphale</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Enfant</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Fourteen consecutive children who were newly diagnosed with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and who had never been exposed to stimulants and 10 control children without ADHD underwent polysomnographic studies to quantify Periodic Limb Movements in Sleep (PLMS) and arousals. Parents commonly gave both false‐negative and false‐positive reports of PLMS in their children, and a sleep study was necessary to confirm their presence or absence. The prevalence of PLMS on polysomnography was higher in the children with ADHD than in the control subjects. Nine of 14 (64%) children with ADHD had PLMS at a rate of >5 per hour of sleep compared with none of the control children (p <0.0015). Three of 14 children with ADHD (21%) had PLMS at a rate of >20 per hour of sleep. Many of the PLMS in the children with ADHD were associated with arousals. Historical sleep times were less for children with ADHD. The children with ADHD who had PLMS chronically got 43 minutes less sleep at home than the control subjects (p = 0.0091). All nine children with ADHD who had a PLMS index of >5 per hour of sleep had a long‐standing clinical history of sleep onset problems (>30 minutes) and/or maintenance problems (more than two full awakenings nightly) thus meeting the criteria for Periodic Limb Movement Disorder (PLMD). None of the control children had a clinical history of sleep onset or maintenance problems. The parents of the children with ADHD were more likely to have restless legs syndrome (RLS) than the parents of the control children. Twenty‐five of 28 biologic parents of the children with ADHD and all of the biologic parents of the control children were reached for interview. Eight of twenty‐five parents of the children with ADHD (32%) had symptoms of RLS as opposed to none of the control parents (p = 0.011). PLMS may directly lead to symptoms of ADHD through the mechanism of sleep disruption. Alternative explanations for the association between ADHD and RLS/PLMS are that they are genetically linked, they share a common dopaminergic deficit, or both.</div></front></TEI><double idat="0885-3185:1999:Picchietti D:further:studies:on"><INIST><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Further studies on periodic limb movement disorder and restless legs syndrome in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder</title><author><name sortKey="Picchietti, D L" sort="Picchietti, D L" uniqKey="Picchietti D" first="D. L." last="Picchietti">D. L. Picchietti</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Pediatric Neurology, Carle Clinic</s1><s2>Urbana, Illinois</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Underwood, D J" sort="Underwood, D J" uniqKey="Underwood D" first="D. J." last="Underwood">D. J. Underwood</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>University of Illinois College of Medicine at Urbana-Champaign</s1><s3>USA</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>University of Illinois College of Medicine at Urbana-Champaign</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Medical Research, Carle Foundation</s1><s2>Urbana, Illinois</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Farris, W A" sort="Farris, W A" uniqKey="Farris W" first="W. A." last="Farris">W. A. Farris</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Pediatric Neurology, Carle Clinic</s1><s2>Urbana, Illinois</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>University of Illinois College of Medicine at Urbana-Champaign</s1><s3>USA</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>University of Illinois College of Medicine at Urbana-Champaign</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Walters, A S" sort="Walters, A S" uniqKey="Walters A" first="A. S." last="Walters">A. S. Walters</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Movement Disorder Group, Department of Neurology, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School</s1><s2>New Brunswick, New Jersey</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">New Jersey</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>Neurology Service, VA Medical Center</s1><s2>Lyons, New Jersey</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">New Jersey</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shah, M M" sort="Shah, M M" uniqKey="Shah M" first="M. M." last="Shah">M. M. Shah</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Rutgers University College of Pharmacy</s1><s2>Piscataway, New Jersey</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">New Jersey</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dahl, R E" sort="Dahl, R E" uniqKey="Dahl R" first="R. E." last="Dahl">R. E. Dahl</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Child and Adolescent Sleep Laboratory and Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center</s1><s2>Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Trubnick, L J" sort="Trubnick, L J" uniqKey="Trubnick L" first="L. J." last="Trubnick">L. J. Trubnick</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Child and Adolescent Sleep Laboratory and Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center</s1><s2>Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bertocci, M A" sort="Bertocci, M A" uniqKey="Bertocci M" first="M. A." last="Bertocci">M. A. Bertocci</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Child and Adolescent Sleep Laboratory and Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center</s1><s2>Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wagner, M" sort="Wagner, M" uniqKey="Wagner M" first="M." last="Wagner">M. Wagner</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Rutgers University College of Pharmacy</s1><s2>Piscataway, New Jersey</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">New Jersey</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hening, W A" sort="Hening, W A" uniqKey="Hening W" first="W. A." last="Hening">W. A. Hening</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Movement Disorder Group, Department of Neurology, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School</s1><s2>New Brunswick, New Jersey</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">New Jersey</region></placeName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">INIST</idno><idno type="inist">00-0008051</idno><date when="1999">1999</date><idno type="stanalyst">PASCAL 00-0008051 INIST</idno><idno type="RBID">Pascal:00-0008051</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Corpus">002D05</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Curation">000016</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Checkpoint">002E13</idno><idno type="wicri:doubleKey">0885-3185:1999:Picchietti D:further:studies:on</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">007C62</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Further studies on periodic limb movement disorder and restless legs syndrome in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder</title><author><name sortKey="Picchietti, D L" sort="Picchietti, D L" uniqKey="Picchietti D" first="D. L." last="Picchietti">D. L. Picchietti</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Pediatric Neurology, Carle Clinic</s1><s2>Urbana, Illinois</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Underwood, D J" sort="Underwood, D J" uniqKey="Underwood D" first="D. J." last="Underwood">D. J. Underwood</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>University of Illinois College of Medicine at Urbana-Champaign</s1><s3>USA</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>University of Illinois College of Medicine at Urbana-Champaign</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Medical Research, Carle Foundation</s1><s2>Urbana, Illinois</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Farris, W A" sort="Farris, W A" uniqKey="Farris W" first="W. A." last="Farris">W. A. Farris</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Pediatric Neurology, Carle Clinic</s1><s2>Urbana, Illinois</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>University of Illinois College of Medicine at Urbana-Champaign</s1><s3>USA</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>University of Illinois College of Medicine at Urbana-Champaign</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Walters, A S" sort="Walters, A S" uniqKey="Walters A" first="A. S." last="Walters">A. S. Walters</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Movement Disorder Group, Department of Neurology, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School</s1><s2>New Brunswick, New Jersey</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">New Jersey</region></placeName></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>Neurology Service, VA Medical Center</s1><s2>Lyons, New Jersey</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">New Jersey</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shah, M M" sort="Shah, M M" uniqKey="Shah M" first="M. M." last="Shah">M. M. Shah</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Rutgers University College of Pharmacy</s1><s2>Piscataway, New Jersey</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">New Jersey</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dahl, R E" sort="Dahl, R E" uniqKey="Dahl R" first="R. E." last="Dahl">R. E. Dahl</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Child and Adolescent Sleep Laboratory and Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center</s1><s2>Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Trubnick, L J" sort="Trubnick, L J" uniqKey="Trubnick L" first="L. J." last="Trubnick">L. J. Trubnick</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Child and Adolescent Sleep Laboratory and Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center</s1><s2>Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bertocci, M A" sort="Bertocci, M A" uniqKey="Bertocci M" first="M. A." last="Bertocci">M. A. Bertocci</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Child and Adolescent Sleep Laboratory and Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center</s1><s2>Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>6 aut.</sZ><sZ>7 aut.</sZ><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wagner, M" sort="Wagner, M" uniqKey="Wagner M" first="M." last="Wagner">M. Wagner</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Rutgers University College of Pharmacy</s1><s2>Piscataway, New Jersey</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>9 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">New Jersey</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hening, W A" sort="Hening, W A" uniqKey="Hening W" first="W. A." last="Hening">W. A. Hening</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Movement Disorder Group, Department of Neurology, UMDNJ-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School</s1><s2>New Brunswick, New Jersey</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">New Jersey</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j" type="main">Movement disorders</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Mov. disord.</title><idno type="ISSN">0885-3185</idno><imprint><date when="1999">1999</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Movement disorders</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Mov. disord.</title><idno type="ISSN">0885-3185</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Attentional disorder</term><term>Child</term><term>Exploration</term><term>Hyperactivity</term><term>Polygraphy</term><term>Restless legs syndrome</term><term>Sleep</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Impatience membre inférieur syndrome</term><term>Trouble attention</term><term>Hyperactivité</term><term>Polygraphie</term><term>Sommeil</term><term>Exploration</term><term>Enfant</term><term>Trouble fonctionnel minime encéphale</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Enfant</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader></TEI></INIST><ISTEX><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Further studies on periodic limb movement disorder and restless legs syndrome in children with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder</title><author><name sortKey="Picchietti, Daniel L" sort="Picchietti, Daniel L" uniqKey="Picchietti D" first="Daniel L." last="Picchietti">Daniel L. Picchietti</name></author><author><name sortKey="Underwood, Donna J" sort="Underwood, Donna J" uniqKey="Underwood D" first="Donna J." last="Underwood">Donna J. Underwood</name></author><author><name sortKey="Farris, William A" sort="Farris, William A" uniqKey="Farris W" first="William A." last="Farris">William A. Farris</name></author><author><name sortKey="Walters, Arthur S" sort="Walters, Arthur S" uniqKey="Walters A" first="Arthur S." last="Walters">Arthur S. Walters</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shah, Mona M" sort="Shah, Mona M" uniqKey="Shah M" first="Mona M." last="Shah">Mona M. Shah</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dahl, Ronald E" sort="Dahl, Ronald E" uniqKey="Dahl R" first="Ronald E." last="Dahl">Ronald E. Dahl</name></author><author><name sortKey="Trubnick, Laura J" sort="Trubnick, Laura J" uniqKey="Trubnick L" first="Laura J." last="Trubnick">Laura J. Trubnick</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bertocci, Michele A" sort="Bertocci, Michele A" uniqKey="Bertocci M" first="Michele A." last="Bertocci">Michele A. Bertocci</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wagner, Mary" sort="Wagner, Mary" uniqKey="Wagner M" first="Mary" last="Wagner">Mary Wagner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hening, Wayne A" sort="Hening, Wayne A" uniqKey="Hening W" first="Wayne A." last="Hening">Wayne A. Hening</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:9939D5E54B7E12139A7BB54B764A30EB57EC3F0B</idno><date when="1999" year="1999">1999</date><idno type="doi">10.1002/1531-8257(199911)14:6<1000::AID-MDS1014>3.0.CO;2-P</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/9939D5E54B7E12139A7BB54B764A30EB57EC3F0B/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">000160</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Curation">000160</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Checkpoint">003508</idno><idno type="wicri:doubleKey">0885-3185:1999:Picchietti D:further:studies:on</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">007A40</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Further studies on periodic limb movement disorder and restless legs syndrome in children with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder</title><author><name sortKey="Picchietti, Daniel L" sort="Picchietti, Daniel L" uniqKey="Picchietti D" first="Daniel L." last="Picchietti">Daniel L. Picchietti</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Pediatric Neurology, Carle Clinic, Urbana</wicri:cityArea></affiliation><affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="no comma">University of Illinois College of Medicine at Urbana‐Champaign</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Underwood, Donna J" sort="Underwood, Donna J" uniqKey="Underwood D" first="Donna J." last="Underwood">Donna J. Underwood</name><affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="no comma">University of Illinois College of Medicine at Urbana‐Champaign</wicri:noCountry></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Medical Research, Carle Foundation, Urbana</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Farris, William A" sort="Farris, William A" uniqKey="Farris W" first="William A." last="Farris">William A. Farris</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Pediatric Neurology, Carle Clinic, Urbana</wicri:cityArea></affiliation><affiliation><wicri:noCountry code="no comma">University of Illinois College of Medicine at Urbana‐Champaign</wicri:noCountry></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Walters, Arthur S" sort="Walters, Arthur S" uniqKey="Walters A" first="Arthur S." last="Walters">Arthur S. Walters</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">New Jersey</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Movement Disorder Group, Department of Neurology, UMDNJ‐Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, and the Neurology Service, VA Medical Center, Lyons</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Shah, Mona M" sort="Shah, Mona M" uniqKey="Shah M" first="Mona M." last="Shah">Mona M. Shah</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Rutgers University College of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">New Jersey</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dahl, Ronald E" sort="Dahl, Ronald E" uniqKey="Dahl R" first="Ronald E." last="Dahl">Ronald E. Dahl</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Child and Adolescent Sleep Laboratory and Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Trubnick, Laura J" sort="Trubnick, Laura J" uniqKey="Trubnick L" first="Laura J." last="Trubnick">Laura J. Trubnick</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Child and Adolescent Sleep Laboratory and Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Bertocci, Michele A" sort="Bertocci, Michele A" uniqKey="Bertocci M" first="Michele A." last="Bertocci">Michele A. Bertocci</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Child and Adolescent Sleep Laboratory and Departments of Psychiatry and Pediatrics, Western Psychiatric Institute and Clinic, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wagner, Mary" sort="Wagner, Mary" uniqKey="Wagner M" first="Mary" last="Wagner">Mary Wagner</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Rutgers University College of Pharmacy, Piscataway, New Jersey</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">New Jersey</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hening, Wayne A" sort="Hening, Wayne A" uniqKey="Hening W" first="Wayne A." last="Hening">Wayne A. Hening</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">New Jersey</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Movement Disorder Group, Department of Neurology, UMDNJ‐Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey, and the Neurology Service, VA Medical Center, Lyons</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Movement Disorders</title><title level="j" type="sub">Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Mov. Disord.</title><idno type="ISSN">0885-3185</idno><idno type="eISSN">1531-8257</idno><imprint><publisher>John Wiley & Sons, Inc.</publisher><pubPlace>New York</pubPlace><date type="published" when="1999-11">1999-11</date><biblScope unit="vol">14</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">6</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1000">1000</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="1007">1007</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0885-3185</idno></series><idno type="istex">9939D5E54B7E12139A7BB54B764A30EB57EC3F0B</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/1531-8257(199911)14:6<1000::AID-MDS1014>3.0.CO;2-P</idno><idno type="ArticleID">MDS1014</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0885-3185</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)</term><term>Periodic Limb Movement Disorder (PLMD)</term><term>Periodic Limb Movements in Sleep (PLMS)</term><term>Polysomnography</term><term>Restless legs syndrome(RLS)</term><term>Sleep disorders</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Fourteen consecutive children who were newly diagnosed with attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and who had never been exposed to stimulants and 10 control children without ADHD underwent polysomnographic studies to quantify Periodic Limb Movements in Sleep (PLMS) and arousals. Parents commonly gave both false‐negative and false‐positive reports of PLMS in their children, and a sleep study was necessary to confirm their presence or absence. The prevalence of PLMS on polysomnography was higher in the children with ADHD than in the control subjects. Nine of 14 (64%) children with ADHD had PLMS at a rate of >5 per hour of sleep compared with none of the control children (p <0.0015). Three of 14 children with ADHD (21%) had PLMS at a rate of >20 per hour of sleep. Many of the PLMS in the children with ADHD were associated with arousals. Historical sleep times were less for children with ADHD. The children with ADHD who had PLMS chronically got 43 minutes less sleep at home than the control subjects (p = 0.0091). All nine children with ADHD who had a PLMS index of >5 per hour of sleep had a long‐standing clinical history of sleep onset problems (>30 minutes) and/or maintenance problems (more than two full awakenings nightly) thus meeting the criteria for Periodic Limb Movement Disorder (PLMD). None of the control children had a clinical history of sleep onset or maintenance problems. The parents of the children with ADHD were more likely to have restless legs syndrome (RLS) than the parents of the control children. Twenty‐five of 28 biologic parents of the children with ADHD and all of the biologic parents of the control children were reached for interview. Eight of twenty‐five parents of the children with ADHD (32%) had symptoms of RLS as opposed to none of the control parents (p = 0.011). PLMS may directly lead to symptoms of ADHD through the mechanism of sleep disruption. Alternative explanations for the association between ADHD and RLS/PLMS are that they are genetically linked, they share a common dopaminergic deficit, or both.</div></front></TEI></ISTEX><PubMed><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Further studies on periodic limb movement disorder and restless legs syndrome in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.</title><author><name sortKey="Picchietti, D L" sort="Picchietti, D L" uniqKey="Picchietti D" first="D L" last="Picchietti">D L Picchietti</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Pediatric Neurology, Carle Clinic, Urbana, Illinois, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Pediatric Neurology, Carle Clinic, Urbana, Illinois</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Underwood, D J" sort="Underwood, D J" uniqKey="Underwood D" first="D J" last="Underwood">D J Underwood</name></author><author><name sortKey="Farris, W A" sort="Farris, W A" uniqKey="Farris W" first="W A" last="Farris">W A Farris</name></author><author><name sortKey="Walters, A S" sort="Walters, A S" uniqKey="Walters A" first="A S" last="Walters">A S Walters</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shah, M M" sort="Shah, M M" uniqKey="Shah M" first="M M" last="Shah">M M Shah</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dahl, R E" sort="Dahl, R E" uniqKey="Dahl R" first="R E" last="Dahl">R E Dahl</name></author><author><name sortKey="Trubnick, L J" sort="Trubnick, L J" uniqKey="Trubnick L" first="L J" last="Trubnick">L J Trubnick</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bertocci, M A" sort="Bertocci, M A" uniqKey="Bertocci M" first="M A" last="Bertocci">M A Bertocci</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wagner, M" sort="Wagner, M" uniqKey="Wagner M" first="M" last="Wagner">M. Wagner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hening, W A" sort="Hening, W A" uniqKey="Hening W" first="W A" last="Hening">W A Hening</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="1999">1999</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:10584676</idno><idno type="pmid">10584676</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">004089</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">004089</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">004205</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">000162</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">000162</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">000162</idno><idno type="wicri:doubleKey">0885-3185:1999:Picchietti D:further:studies:on</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">007812</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Further studies on periodic limb movement disorder and restless legs syndrome in children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder.</title><author><name sortKey="Picchietti, D L" sort="Picchietti, D L" uniqKey="Picchietti D" first="D L" last="Picchietti">D L Picchietti</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Pediatric Neurology, Carle Clinic, Urbana, Illinois, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Pediatric Neurology, Carle Clinic, Urbana, Illinois</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Illinois</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Underwood, D J" sort="Underwood, D J" uniqKey="Underwood D" first="D J" last="Underwood">D J Underwood</name></author><author><name sortKey="Farris, W A" sort="Farris, W A" uniqKey="Farris W" first="W A" last="Farris">W A Farris</name></author><author><name sortKey="Walters, A S" sort="Walters, A S" uniqKey="Walters A" first="A S" last="Walters">A S Walters</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shah, M M" sort="Shah, M M" uniqKey="Shah M" first="M M" last="Shah">M M Shah</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dahl, R E" sort="Dahl, R E" uniqKey="Dahl R" first="R E" last="Dahl">R E Dahl</name></author><author><name sortKey="Trubnick, L J" sort="Trubnick, L J" uniqKey="Trubnick L" first="L J" last="Trubnick">L J Trubnick</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bertocci, M A" sort="Bertocci, M A" uniqKey="Bertocci M" first="M A" last="Bertocci">M A Bertocci</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wagner, M" sort="Wagner, M" uniqKey="Wagner M" first="M" last="Wagner">M. Wagner</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hening, W A" sort="Hening, W A" uniqKey="Hening W" first="W A" last="Hening">W A Hening</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society</title><idno type="ISSN">0885-3185</idno><imprint><date when="1999" type="published">1999</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Arousal</term><term>Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity (diagnosis)</term><term>Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity (genetics)</term><term>Child</term><term>Child, Preschool</term><term>Female</term><term>Genetic Predisposition to Disease (genetics)</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Nocturnal Myoclonus Syndrome (diagnosis)</term><term>Nocturnal Myoclonus Syndrome (genetics)</term><term>Polysomnography</term><term>Restless Legs Syndrome (diagnosis)</term><term>Restless Legs Syndrome (genetics)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="diagnosis" xml:lang="en"><term>Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity</term><term>Nocturnal Myoclonus Syndrome</term><term>Restless Legs Syndrome</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity</term><term>Genetic Predisposition to Disease</term><term>Nocturnal Myoclonus Syndrome</term><term>Restless Legs Syndrome</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Arousal</term><term>Child</term><term>Child, Preschool</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Male</term><term>Polysomnography</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Fourteen consecutive children who were newly diagnosed with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and who had never been exposed to stimulants and 10 control children without ADHD underwent polysomnographic studies to quantify Periodic Limb Movements in Sleep (PLMS) and arousals. Parents commonly gave both false-negative and false-positive reports of PLMS in their children, and a sleep study was necessary to confirm their presence or absence. The prevalence of PLMS on polysomnography was higher in the children with ADHD than in the control subjects. Nine of 14 (64%) children with ADHD had PLMS at a rate of >5 per hour of sleep compared with none of the control children (p <0.0015). Three of 14 children with ADHD (21%) had PLMS at a rate of >20 per hour of sleep. Many of the PLMS in the children with ADHD were associated with arousals. Historical sleep times were less for children with ADHD. The children with ADHD who had PLMS chronically got 43 minutes less sleep at home than the control subjects (p = 0.0091). All nine children with ADHD who had a PLMS index of >5 per hour of sleep had a long-standing clinical history of sleep onset problems (>30 minutes) and/or maintenance problems (more than two full awakenings nightly) thus meeting the criteria for Periodic Limb Movement Disorder (PLMD). None of the control children had a clinical history of sleep onset or maintenance problems. The parents of the children with ADHD were more likely to have restless legs syndrome (RLS) than the parents of the control children. Twenty-five of 28 biologic parents of the children with ADHD and all of the biologic parents of the control children were reached for interview. Eight of twenty-five parents of the children with ADHD (32%) had symptoms of RLS as opposed to none of the control parents (p = 0.011). PLMS may directly lead to symptoms of ADHD through the mechanism of sleep disruption. Alternative explanations for the association between ADHD and RLS/PLMS are that they are genetically linked, they share a common dopaminergic deficit, or both.</div></front></TEI></PubMed></double></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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