Case characteristics among Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreak and non-outbreak cases in Saudi Arabia from 2012 to 2015
Identifieur interne : 001912 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 001911; suivant : 001913Case characteristics among Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreak and non-outbreak cases in Saudi Arabia from 2012 to 2015
Auteurs : F S Alhamlan [Arabie saoudite] ; M S Majumder [États-Unis] ; J S Brownstein [États-Unis] ; J. Hawkins [États-Unis] ; H M Al-Abdely [Arabie saoudite] ; A. Alzahrani [Arabie saoudite] ; D A Obaid [Arabie saoudite] ; M N Al-Ahdal [Arabie saoudite] ; A. Binsaeed [Arabie saoudite]Source :
- BMJ Open [ 2044-6055 ] ; 2017.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Adolescent, Adulte, Adulte d'âge moyen, Arabie saoudite (épidémiologie), Collecte de données, Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (pathogénicité), Enfant, Enfant d'âge préscolaire, Facteurs de risque, Femelle, Fièvre, Flambées de maladies (), Humains, Infection croisée (), Infection croisée (épidémiologie), Infections à coronavirus (), Infections à coronavirus (épidémiologie), Interprétation statistique de données, Lutte contre l'infection (), Mâle, Nourrisson, Nouveau-né, Personnel de santé, Sujet âgé, Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus, Surveillance de la population, Voyage.
- MESH :
- pathogénicité : Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient.
- épidémiologie : Arabie saoudite, Infection croisée, Infections à coronavirus.
- Adolescent, Adulte, Adulte d'âge moyen, Collecte de données, Enfant, Enfant d'âge préscolaire, Facteurs de risque, Femelle, Fièvre, Flambées de maladies, Humains, Infection croisée, Infections à coronavirus, Interprétation statistique de données, Lutte contre l'infection, Mâle, Nourrisson, Nouveau-né, Personnel de santé, Sujet âgé, Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus, Surveillance de la population, Voyage.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child, Preschool, Coronavirus Infections (epidemiology), Coronavirus Infections (prevention & control), Cross Infection (epidemiology), Cross Infection (prevention & control), Data Collection, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Disease Outbreaks (prevention & control), Disease Outbreaks (statistics & numerical data), Female, Fever, Health Personnel, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Infection Control (statistics & numerical data), Male, Middle Aged, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (pathogenicity), Population Surveillance, Risk Factors, Saudi Arabia (epidemiology), Travel.
- MESH :
- epidemiology : Coronavirus Infections, Cross Infection, Saudi Arabia.
- pathogenicity : Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus.
- prevention & control : Coronavirus Infections, Cross Infection, Disease Outbreaks.
- statistics & numerical data : Disease Outbreaks, Infection Control.
- Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Child, Child, Preschool, Data Collection, Data Interpretation, Statistical, Female, Fever, Health Personnel, Humans, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Male, Middle Aged, Population Surveillance, Risk Factors, Travel.
Abstract
As of 1 November 2015, the Saudi Ministry of Health had reported 1273 cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS); among these cases, which included 9 outbreaks at several hospitals, 717 (56%) patients recovered, 14 (1%) remain hospitalised and 543 (43%) died. This study aimed to determine the epidemiological, demographic and clinical characteristics that distinguished cases of MERS contracted during outbreaks from those contracted sporadically (ie, non-outbreak) between 2012 and 2015 in Saudi Arabia.
Data from the Saudi Ministry of Health of confirmed outbreak and non-outbreak cases of MERS coronavirus (CoV) infections from September 2012 through October 2015 were abstracted and analysed. Univariate and descriptive statistical analyses were conducted, and the time between disease onset and confirmation, onset and notification and onset and death were examined.
A total of 1250 patients (aged 0–109 years; mean, 50.825 years) were reported infected with MERS-CoV. Approximately two-thirds of all MERS cases were diagnosed in men for outbreak and non-outbreak cases. Healthcare workers comprised 22% of all MERS cases for outbreak and non-outbreak cases. Nosocomial infections comprised one-third of all Saudi MERS cases; however, nosocomial infections occurred more frequently in outbreak than non-outbreak cases (p<0.001). Patients contracting MERS during an outbreak were significantly more likely to die of MERS (p<0.001).
To date, nosocomial infections have fuelled MERS outbreaks. Given that the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a worldwide religious travel destination, localised outbreaks may have massive global implications and effective outbreak preventive measures are needed.
Url:
DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011865
PubMed: 28082362
PubMed Central: 5253590
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Hawkins</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af4"><institution>Boston Children's Hospital</institution>,<addr-line>Boston, Massachusetts</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Al Abdely, H M" sort="Al Abdely, H M" uniqKey="Al Abdely H" first="H M" last="Al-Abdely">H M Al-Abdely</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af5"><addr-line>Public Health Deputy</addr-line>,<institution>Ministry of Health</institution>,<addr-line>Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alzahrani, A" sort="Alzahrani, A" uniqKey="Alzahrani A" first="A" last="Alzahrani">A. Alzahrani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af5"><addr-line>Public Health Deputy</addr-line>,<institution>Ministry of Health</institution>,<addr-line>Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Obaid, D A" sort="Obaid, D A" uniqKey="Obaid D" first="D A" last="Obaid">D A Obaid</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1"><addr-line>Department of Infection and Immunity</addr-line>,<institution>King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center</institution>,<addr-line>Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Al Ahdal, M N" sort="Al Ahdal, M N" uniqKey="Al Ahdal M" first="M N" last="Al-Ahdal">M N Al-Ahdal</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1"><addr-line>Department of Infection and Immunity</addr-line>,<institution>King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center</institution>,<addr-line>Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2"><institution>College of Medicine, Alfaisal University</institution>,<addr-line>Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af6"><addr-line>Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine</addr-line>,<institution>King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center</institution>,<addr-line>Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Binsaeed, A" sort="Binsaeed, A" uniqKey="Binsaeed A" first="A" last="Binsaeed">A. Binsaeed</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af5"><addr-line>Public Health Deputy</addr-line>,<institution>Ministry of Health</institution>,<addr-line>Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">BMJ Open</title><idno type="eISSN">2044-6055</idno><imprint><date when="2017">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Adult</term><term>Aged</term><term>Aged, 80 and over</term><term>Child</term><term>Child, Preschool</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (epidemiology)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (prevention & control)</term><term>Cross Infection (epidemiology)</term><term>Cross Infection (prevention & control)</term><term>Data Collection</term><term>Data Interpretation, Statistical</term><term>Disease Outbreaks (prevention & control)</term><term>Disease Outbreaks (statistics & numerical data)</term><term>Female</term><term>Fever</term><term>Health Personnel</term><term>Humans</term><term>Infant</term><term>Infant, Newborn</term><term>Infection Control (statistics & numerical data)</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (pathogenicity)</term><term>Population Surveillance</term><term>Risk Factors</term><term>Saudi Arabia (epidemiology)</term><term>Travel</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Adulte</term><term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term><term>Arabie saoudite (épidémiologie)</term><term>Collecte de données</term><term>Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (pathogénicité)</term><term>Enfant</term><term>Enfant d'âge préscolaire</term><term>Facteurs de risque</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Fièvre</term><term>Flambées de maladies ()</term><term>Humains</term><term>Infection croisée ()</term><term>Infection croisée (épidémiologie)</term><term>Infections à coronavirus ()</term><term>Infections à coronavirus (épidémiologie)</term><term>Interprétation statistique de données</term><term>Lutte contre l'infection ()</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Nourrisson</term><term>Nouveau-né</term><term>Personnel de santé</term><term>Sujet âgé</term><term>Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus</term><term>Surveillance de la population</term><term>Voyage</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Cross Infection</term><term>Saudi Arabia</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathogenicity" xml:lang="en"><term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathogénicité" xml:lang="fr"><term>Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="prevention & control" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Cross Infection</term><term>Disease Outbreaks</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="statistics & numerical data" xml:lang="en"><term>Disease Outbreaks</term><term>Infection Control</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="épidémiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Arabie saoudite</term><term>Infection croisée</term><term>Infections à coronavirus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Adult</term><term>Aged</term><term>Aged, 80 and over</term><term>Child</term><term>Child, Preschool</term><term>Data Collection</term><term>Data Interpretation, Statistical</term><term>Female</term><term>Fever</term><term>Health Personnel</term><term>Humans</term><term>Infant</term><term>Infant, Newborn</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Population Surveillance</term><term>Risk Factors</term><term>Travel</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Adulte</term><term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term><term>Collecte de données</term><term>Enfant</term><term>Enfant d'âge préscolaire</term><term>Facteurs de risque</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Fièvre</term><term>Flambées de maladies</term><term>Humains</term><term>Infection croisée</term><term>Infections à coronavirus</term><term>Interprétation statistique de données</term><term>Lutte contre l'infection</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Nourrisson</term><term>Nouveau-né</term><term>Personnel de santé</term><term>Sujet âgé</term><term>Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus</term><term>Surveillance de la population</term><term>Voyage</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objectives</title><p>As of 1 November 2015, the Saudi Ministry of Health had reported 1273 cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS); among these cases, which included 9 outbreaks at several hospitals, 717 (56%) patients recovered, 14 (1%) remain hospitalised and 543 (43%) died. This study aimed to determine the epidemiological, demographic and clinical characteristics that distinguished cases of MERS contracted during outbreaks from those contracted sporadically (ie, non-outbreak) between 2012 and 2015 in Saudi Arabia.</p></sec><sec><title>Design</title><p>Data from the Saudi Ministry of Health of confirmed outbreak and non-outbreak cases of MERS coronavirus (CoV) infections from September 2012 through October 2015 were abstracted and analysed. Univariate and descriptive statistical analyses were conducted, and the time between disease onset and confirmation, onset and notification and onset and death were examined.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>A total of 1250 patients (aged 0–109 years; mean, 50.825 years) were reported infected with MERS-CoV. Approximately two-thirds of all MERS cases were diagnosed in men for outbreak and non-outbreak cases. Healthcare workers comprised 22% of all MERS cases for outbreak and non-outbreak cases. Nosocomial infections comprised one-third of all Saudi MERS cases; however, nosocomial infections occurred more frequently in outbreak than non-outbreak cases (p<0.001). Patients contracting MERS during an outbreak were significantly more likely to die of MERS (p<0.001).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>To date, nosocomial infections have fuelled MERS outbreaks. Given that the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a worldwide religious travel destination, localised outbreaks may have massive global implications and effective outbreak preventive measures are needed.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zaki, Am" uniqKey="Zaki A">AM Zaki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Boheemen, S" uniqKey="Van Boheemen S">S van Boheemen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bestebroer, Tm" uniqKey="Bestebroer T">TM Bestebroer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bermingham, A" uniqKey="Bermingham A">A Bermingham</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chand, Ma" uniqKey="Chand M">MA Chand</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brown, Cs" uniqKey="Brown C">CS Brown</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Breban, R" uniqKey="Breban R">R Breban</name></author><author><name sortKey="Riou, J" uniqKey="Riou J">J Riou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fontanet, A" uniqKey="Fontanet A">A Fontanet</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Majumder, Ms" uniqKey="Majumder M">MS Majumder</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kluberg, Sa" uniqKey="Kluberg S">SA Kluberg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mekaru, Sr" uniqKey="Mekaru S">SR Mekaru</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Memish, Za" uniqKey="Memish Z">ZA Memish</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mishra, N" uniqKey="Mishra N">N Mishra</name></author><author><name sortKey="Olival, Kj" uniqKey="Olival K">KJ Olival</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Reusken, Cb" uniqKey="Reusken C">CB Reusken</name></author><author><name sortKey="Haagmans, Bl" uniqKey="Haagmans B">BL Haagmans</name></author><author><name sortKey="Muller, Ma" uniqKey="Muller M">MA Müller</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Reusken, Cb" uniqKey="Reusken C">CB Reusken</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ababneh, M" uniqKey="Ababneh M">M Ababneh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Raj, Vs" uniqKey="Raj V">VS Raj</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Corman, Vm" uniqKey="Corman V">VM Corman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jores, J" uniqKey="Jores J">J Jores</name></author><author><name sortKey="Meyer, B" uniqKey="Meyer B">B Meyer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Meyer, B" uniqKey="Meyer B">B Meyer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Muller, Ma" uniqKey="Muller M">MA Müller</name></author><author><name sortKey="Corman, Vm" uniqKey="Corman V">VM Corman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Azhar, Ei" uniqKey="Azhar E">EI Azhar</name></author><author><name sortKey="El Kafrawy, Sa" uniqKey="El Kafrawy S">SA El-Kafrawy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Farraj, Sa" uniqKey="Farraj S">SA Farraj</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Memish, Za" uniqKey="Memish Z">ZA Memish</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zumla, Ai" uniqKey="Zumla A">AI Zumla</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Hakeem, Rf" uniqKey="Al Hakeem R">RF Al-Hakeem</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Omrani, As" uniqKey="Omrani A">AS Omrani</name></author><author><name sortKey="Matin, Ma" uniqKey="Matin M">MA Matin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Haddad, Q" uniqKey="Haddad Q">Q Haddad</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tsiodras, S" uniqKey="Tsiodras S">S Tsiodras</name></author><author><name sortKey="Baka, A" uniqKey="Baka A">A Baka</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mentis, A" uniqKey="Mentis A">A Mentis</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hijawi, B" uniqKey="Hijawi B">B Hijawi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Abdallat, M" uniqKey="Abdallat M">M Abdallat</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sayaydeh, A" uniqKey="Sayaydeh A">A Sayaydeh</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Assiri, A" uniqKey="Assiri A">A Assiri</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcgeer, A" uniqKey="Mcgeer A">A McGeer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Perl, Tm" uniqKey="Perl T">TM Perl</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hemida, Mg" uniqKey="Hemida M">MG Hemida</name></author><author><name sortKey="Perera, Ra" uniqKey="Perera R">RA Perera</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, P" uniqKey="Wang P">P Wang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Raj, Vs" uniqKey="Raj V">VS Raj</name></author><author><name sortKey="Farag, Ea" uniqKey="Farag E">EA Farag</name></author><author><name sortKey="Reusken, Cb" uniqKey="Reusken C">CB Reusken</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Memish, Za" uniqKey="Memish Z">ZA Memish</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cotten, M" uniqKey="Cotten M">M Cotten</name></author><author><name sortKey="Meyer, B" uniqKey="Meyer B">B Meyer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><double pmid="28082362"><pmc><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Case characteristics among Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreak and non-outbreak cases in Saudi Arabia from 2012 to 2015</title><author><name sortKey="Alhamlan, F S" sort="Alhamlan, F S" uniqKey="Alhamlan F" first="F S" last="Alhamlan">F S Alhamlan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1"><addr-line>Department of Infection and Immunity</addr-line>,<institution>King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center</institution>,<addr-line>Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2"><institution>College of Medicine, Alfaisal University</institution>,<addr-line>Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Majumder, M S" sort="Majumder, M S" uniqKey="Majumder M" first="M S" last="Majumder">M S Majumder</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af3"><institution>Massachusetts Institute of Technology</institution>,<addr-line>Cambridge, Massachusetts</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af4"><institution>Boston Children's Hospital</institution>,<addr-line>Boston, Massachusetts</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brownstein, J S" sort="Brownstein, J S" uniqKey="Brownstein J" first="J S" last="Brownstein">J S Brownstein</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af4"><institution>Boston Children's Hospital</institution>,<addr-line>Boston, Massachusetts</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hawkins, J" sort="Hawkins, J" uniqKey="Hawkins J" first="J" last="Hawkins">J. Hawkins</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af4"><institution>Boston Children's Hospital</institution>,<addr-line>Boston, Massachusetts</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Al Abdely, H M" sort="Al Abdely, H M" uniqKey="Al Abdely H" first="H M" last="Al-Abdely">H M Al-Abdely</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af5"><addr-line>Public Health Deputy</addr-line>,<institution>Ministry of Health</institution>,<addr-line>Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alzahrani, A" sort="Alzahrani, A" uniqKey="Alzahrani A" first="A" last="Alzahrani">A. Alzahrani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af5"><addr-line>Public Health Deputy</addr-line>,<institution>Ministry of Health</institution>,<addr-line>Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Obaid, D A" sort="Obaid, D A" uniqKey="Obaid D" first="D A" last="Obaid">D A Obaid</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1"><addr-line>Department of Infection and Immunity</addr-line>,<institution>King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center</institution>,<addr-line>Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Al Ahdal, M N" sort="Al Ahdal, M N" uniqKey="Al Ahdal M" first="M N" last="Al-Ahdal">M N Al-Ahdal</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1"><addr-line>Department of Infection and Immunity</addr-line>,<institution>King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center</institution>,<addr-line>Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2"><institution>College of Medicine, Alfaisal University</institution>,<addr-line>Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af6"><addr-line>Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine</addr-line>,<institution>King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center</institution>,<addr-line>Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Binsaeed, A" sort="Binsaeed, A" uniqKey="Binsaeed A" first="A" last="Binsaeed">A. Binsaeed</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af5"><addr-line>Public Health Deputy</addr-line>,<institution>Ministry of Health</institution>,<addr-line>Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">28082362</idno><idno type="pmc">5253590</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5253590</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:5253590</idno><idno type="doi">10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011865</idno><date when="2017">2017</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000B01</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000B01</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000B01</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000B01</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000916</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000916</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Case characteristics among Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreak and non-outbreak cases in Saudi Arabia from 2012 to 2015</title><author><name sortKey="Alhamlan, F S" sort="Alhamlan, F S" uniqKey="Alhamlan F" first="F S" last="Alhamlan">F S Alhamlan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1"><addr-line>Department of Infection and Immunity</addr-line>,<institution>King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center</institution>,<addr-line>Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2"><institution>College of Medicine, Alfaisal University</institution>,<addr-line>Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Majumder, M S" sort="Majumder, M S" uniqKey="Majumder M" first="M S" last="Majumder">M S Majumder</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af3"><institution>Massachusetts Institute of Technology</institution>,<addr-line>Cambridge, Massachusetts</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af4"><institution>Boston Children's Hospital</institution>,<addr-line>Boston, Massachusetts</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brownstein, J S" sort="Brownstein, J S" uniqKey="Brownstein J" first="J S" last="Brownstein">J S Brownstein</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af4"><institution>Boston Children's Hospital</institution>,<addr-line>Boston, Massachusetts</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hawkins, J" sort="Hawkins, J" uniqKey="Hawkins J" first="J" last="Hawkins">J. Hawkins</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af4"><institution>Boston Children's Hospital</institution>,<addr-line>Boston, Massachusetts</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Al Abdely, H M" sort="Al Abdely, H M" uniqKey="Al Abdely H" first="H M" last="Al-Abdely">H M Al-Abdely</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af5"><addr-line>Public Health Deputy</addr-line>,<institution>Ministry of Health</institution>,<addr-line>Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alzahrani, A" sort="Alzahrani, A" uniqKey="Alzahrani A" first="A" last="Alzahrani">A. Alzahrani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af5"><addr-line>Public Health Deputy</addr-line>,<institution>Ministry of Health</institution>,<addr-line>Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Obaid, D A" sort="Obaid, D A" uniqKey="Obaid D" first="D A" last="Obaid">D A Obaid</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1"><addr-line>Department of Infection and Immunity</addr-line>,<institution>King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center</institution>,<addr-line>Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Al Ahdal, M N" sort="Al Ahdal, M N" uniqKey="Al Ahdal M" first="M N" last="Al-Ahdal">M N Al-Ahdal</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1"><addr-line>Department of Infection and Immunity</addr-line>,<institution>King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center</institution>,<addr-line>Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2"><institution>College of Medicine, Alfaisal University</institution>,<addr-line>Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af6"><addr-line>Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine</addr-line>,<institution>King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center</institution>,<addr-line>Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Binsaeed, A" sort="Binsaeed, A" uniqKey="Binsaeed A" first="A" last="Binsaeed">A. Binsaeed</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af5"><addr-line>Public Health Deputy</addr-line>,<institution>Ministry of Health</institution>,<addr-line>Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">BMJ Open</title><idno type="eISSN">2044-6055</idno><imprint><date when="2017">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objectives</title><p>As of 1 November 2015, the Saudi Ministry of Health had reported 1273 cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS); among these cases, which included 9 outbreaks at several hospitals, 717 (56%) patients recovered, 14 (1%) remain hospitalised and 543 (43%) died. This study aimed to determine the epidemiological, demographic and clinical characteristics that distinguished cases of MERS contracted during outbreaks from those contracted sporadically (ie, non-outbreak) between 2012 and 2015 in Saudi Arabia.</p></sec><sec><title>Design</title><p>Data from the Saudi Ministry of Health of confirmed outbreak and non-outbreak cases of MERS coronavirus (CoV) infections from September 2012 through October 2015 were abstracted and analysed. Univariate and descriptive statistical analyses were conducted, and the time between disease onset and confirmation, onset and notification and onset and death were examined.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>A total of 1250 patients (aged 0–109 years; mean, 50.825 years) were reported infected with MERS-CoV. Approximately two-thirds of all MERS cases were diagnosed in men for outbreak and non-outbreak cases. Healthcare workers comprised 22% of all MERS cases for outbreak and non-outbreak cases. Nosocomial infections comprised one-third of all Saudi MERS cases; however, nosocomial infections occurred more frequently in outbreak than non-outbreak cases (p<0.001). Patients contracting MERS during an outbreak were significantly more likely to die of MERS (p<0.001).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>To date, nosocomial infections have fuelled MERS outbreaks. Given that the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a worldwide religious travel destination, localised outbreaks may have massive global implications and effective outbreak preventive measures are needed.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zaki, Am" uniqKey="Zaki A">AM Zaki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Boheemen, S" uniqKey="Van Boheemen S">S van Boheemen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bestebroer, Tm" uniqKey="Bestebroer T">TM Bestebroer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bermingham, A" uniqKey="Bermingham A">A Bermingham</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chand, Ma" uniqKey="Chand M">MA Chand</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brown, Cs" uniqKey="Brown C">CS Brown</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Breban, R" uniqKey="Breban R">R Breban</name></author><author><name sortKey="Riou, J" uniqKey="Riou J">J Riou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fontanet, A" uniqKey="Fontanet A">A Fontanet</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Majumder, Ms" uniqKey="Majumder M">MS Majumder</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kluberg, Sa" uniqKey="Kluberg S">SA Kluberg</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mekaru, Sr" uniqKey="Mekaru S">SR Mekaru</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Memish, Za" uniqKey="Memish Z">ZA Memish</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mishra, N" uniqKey="Mishra N">N Mishra</name></author><author><name sortKey="Olival, Kj" uniqKey="Olival K">KJ Olival</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Reusken, Cb" uniqKey="Reusken C">CB Reusken</name></author><author><name sortKey="Haagmans, Bl" uniqKey="Haagmans B">BL Haagmans</name></author><author><name sortKey="Muller, Ma" uniqKey="Muller M">MA Müller</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Reusken, Cb" uniqKey="Reusken C">CB Reusken</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ababneh, M" uniqKey="Ababneh M">M Ababneh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Raj, Vs" uniqKey="Raj V">VS Raj</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Corman, Vm" uniqKey="Corman V">VM Corman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jores, J" uniqKey="Jores J">J Jores</name></author><author><name sortKey="Meyer, B" uniqKey="Meyer B">B Meyer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Meyer, B" uniqKey="Meyer B">B Meyer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Muller, Ma" uniqKey="Muller M">MA Müller</name></author><author><name sortKey="Corman, Vm" uniqKey="Corman V">VM Corman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Azhar, Ei" uniqKey="Azhar E">EI Azhar</name></author><author><name sortKey="El Kafrawy, Sa" uniqKey="El Kafrawy S">SA El-Kafrawy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Farraj, Sa" uniqKey="Farraj S">SA Farraj</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Memish, Za" uniqKey="Memish Z">ZA Memish</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zumla, Ai" uniqKey="Zumla A">AI Zumla</name></author><author><name sortKey="Al Hakeem, Rf" uniqKey="Al Hakeem R">RF Al-Hakeem</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Omrani, As" uniqKey="Omrani A">AS Omrani</name></author><author><name sortKey="Matin, Ma" uniqKey="Matin M">MA Matin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Haddad, Q" uniqKey="Haddad Q">Q Haddad</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tsiodras, S" uniqKey="Tsiodras S">S Tsiodras</name></author><author><name sortKey="Baka, A" uniqKey="Baka A">A Baka</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mentis, A" uniqKey="Mentis A">A 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V">VS Raj</name></author><author><name sortKey="Farag, Ea" uniqKey="Farag E">EA Farag</name></author><author><name sortKey="Reusken, Cb" uniqKey="Reusken C">CB Reusken</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Memish, Za" uniqKey="Memish Z">ZA Memish</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cotten, M" uniqKey="Cotten M">M Cotten</name></author><author><name sortKey="Meyer, B" uniqKey="Meyer B">B Meyer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI></pmc><pubmed><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Case characteristics among Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreak and non-outbreak cases in Saudi Arabia from 2012 to 2015.</title><author><name sortKey="Alhamlan, F S" sort="Alhamlan, F S" uniqKey="Alhamlan F" first="F S" last="Alhamlan">F S Alhamlan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Majumder, M S" sort="Majumder, M S" uniqKey="Majumder M" first="M S" last="Majumder">M S Majumder</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brownstein, J S" sort="Brownstein, J S" uniqKey="Brownstein J" first="J S" last="Brownstein">J S Brownstein</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hawkins, J" sort="Hawkins, J" uniqKey="Hawkins J" first="J" last="Hawkins">J. Hawkins</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Al Abdely, H M" sort="Al Abdely, H M" uniqKey="Al Abdely H" first="H M" last="Al-Abdely">H M Al-Abdely</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Public Health Deputy, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Public Health Deputy, Ministry of Health, Riyadh</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alzahrani, A" sort="Alzahrani, A" uniqKey="Alzahrani A" first="A" last="Alzahrani">A. Alzahrani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Public Health Deputy, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Public Health Deputy, Ministry of Health, Riyadh</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Obaid, D A" sort="Obaid, D A" uniqKey="Obaid D" first="D A" last="Obaid">D A Obaid</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Al Ahdal, M N" sort="Al Ahdal, M N" uniqKey="Al Ahdal M" first="M N" last="Al-Ahdal">M N Al-Ahdal</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Binsaeed, A" sort="Binsaeed, A" uniqKey="Binsaeed A" first="A" last="Binsaeed">A. Binsaeed</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Public Health Deputy, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Public Health Deputy, Ministry of Health, Riyadh</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2017">2017</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:28082362</idno><idno type="pmid">28082362</idno><idno type="doi">10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011865</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000E18</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000E18</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">000E18</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">000E18</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">000D73</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">000D73</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Case characteristics among Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreak and non-outbreak cases in Saudi Arabia from 2012 to 2015.</title><author><name sortKey="Alhamlan, F S" sort="Alhamlan, F S" uniqKey="Alhamlan F" first="F S" last="Alhamlan">F S Alhamlan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Majumder, M S" sort="Majumder, M S" uniqKey="Majumder M" first="M S" last="Majumder">M S Majumder</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brownstein, J S" sort="Brownstein, J S" uniqKey="Brownstein J" first="J S" last="Brownstein">J S Brownstein</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hawkins, J" sort="Hawkins, J" uniqKey="Hawkins J" first="J" last="Hawkins">J. Hawkins</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea>Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Al Abdely, H M" sort="Al Abdely, H M" uniqKey="Al Abdely H" first="H M" last="Al-Abdely">H M Al-Abdely</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Public Health Deputy, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Public Health Deputy, Ministry of Health, Riyadh</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alzahrani, A" sort="Alzahrani, A" uniqKey="Alzahrani A" first="A" last="Alzahrani">A. Alzahrani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Public Health Deputy, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Public Health Deputy, Ministry of Health, Riyadh</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Obaid, D A" sort="Obaid, D A" uniqKey="Obaid D" first="D A" last="Obaid">D A Obaid</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Al Ahdal, M N" sort="Al Ahdal, M N" uniqKey="Al Ahdal M" first="M N" last="Al-Ahdal">M N Al-Ahdal</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Infection and Immunity, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Binsaeed, A" sort="Binsaeed, A" uniqKey="Binsaeed A" first="A" last="Binsaeed">A. Binsaeed</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Public Health Deputy, Ministry of Health, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea>Public Health Deputy, Ministry of Health, Riyadh</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Riyadh</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">BMJ open</title><idno type="eISSN">2044-6055</idno><imprint><date when="2017" type="published">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Adult</term><term>Aged</term><term>Aged, 80 and over</term><term>Child</term><term>Child, Preschool</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (epidemiology)</term><term>Coronavirus Infections (prevention & control)</term><term>Cross Infection (epidemiology)</term><term>Cross Infection (prevention & control)</term><term>Data Collection</term><term>Data Interpretation, Statistical</term><term>Disease Outbreaks (prevention & control)</term><term>Disease Outbreaks (statistics & numerical data)</term><term>Female</term><term>Fever</term><term>Health Personnel</term><term>Humans</term><term>Infant</term><term>Infant, Newborn</term><term>Infection Control (statistics & numerical data)</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (pathogenicity)</term><term>Population Surveillance</term><term>Risk Factors</term><term>Saudi Arabia (epidemiology)</term><term>Travel</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Adulte</term><term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term><term>Arabie saoudite (épidémiologie)</term><term>Collecte de données</term><term>Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient (pathogénicité)</term><term>Enfant</term><term>Enfant d'âge préscolaire</term><term>Facteurs de risque</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Fièvre</term><term>Flambées de maladies ()</term><term>Humains</term><term>Infection croisée ()</term><term>Infection croisée (épidémiologie)</term><term>Infections à coronavirus ()</term><term>Infections à coronavirus (épidémiologie)</term><term>Interprétation statistique de données</term><term>Lutte contre l'infection ()</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Nourrisson</term><term>Nouveau-né</term><term>Personnel de santé</term><term>Sujet âgé</term><term>Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus</term><term>Surveillance de la population</term><term>Voyage</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="epidemiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Cross Infection</term><term>Saudi Arabia</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathogenicity" xml:lang="en"><term>Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="pathogénicité" xml:lang="fr"><term>Coronavirus du syndrome respiratoire du Moyen-Orient</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="prevention & control" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronavirus Infections</term><term>Cross Infection</term><term>Disease Outbreaks</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="statistics & numerical data" xml:lang="en"><term>Disease Outbreaks</term><term>Infection Control</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="épidémiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Arabie saoudite</term><term>Infection croisée</term><term>Infections à coronavirus</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Adult</term><term>Aged</term><term>Aged, 80 and over</term><term>Child</term><term>Child, Preschool</term><term>Data Collection</term><term>Data Interpretation, Statistical</term><term>Female</term><term>Fever</term><term>Health Personnel</term><term>Humans</term><term>Infant</term><term>Infant, Newborn</term><term>Male</term><term>Middle Aged</term><term>Population Surveillance</term><term>Risk Factors</term><term>Travel</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Adolescent</term><term>Adulte</term><term>Adulte d'âge moyen</term><term>Collecte de données</term><term>Enfant</term><term>Enfant d'âge préscolaire</term><term>Facteurs de risque</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Fièvre</term><term>Flambées de maladies</term><term>Humains</term><term>Infection croisée</term><term>Infections à coronavirus</term><term>Interprétation statistique de données</term><term>Lutte contre l'infection</term><term>Mâle</term><term>Nourrisson</term><term>Nouveau-né</term><term>Personnel de santé</term><term>Sujet âgé</term><term>Sujet âgé de 80 ans ou plus</term><term>Surveillance de la population</term><term>Voyage</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">As of 1 November 2015, the Saudi Ministry of Health had reported 1273 cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS); among these cases, which included 9 outbreaks at several hospitals, 717 (56%) patients recovered, 14 (1%) remain hospitalised and 543 (43%) died. This study aimed to determine the epidemiological, demographic and clinical characteristics that distinguished cases of MERS contracted during outbreaks from those contracted sporadically (ie, non-outbreak) between 2012 and 2015 in Saudi Arabia.</div></front></TEI></pubmed></double></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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