Case characteristics among Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreak and non-outbreak cases in Saudi Arabia from 2012 to 2015
Identifieur interne : 000B01 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000B00; suivant : 000B02Case characteristics among Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreak and non-outbreak cases in Saudi Arabia from 2012 to 2015
Auteurs : F S Alhamlan [Arabie saoudite] ; M S Majumder [États-Unis] ; J S Brownstein [États-Unis] ; J. Hawkins [États-Unis] ; H M Al-Abdely [Arabie saoudite] ; A. Alzahrani [Arabie saoudite] ; D A Obaid [Arabie saoudite] ; M N Al-Ahdal [Arabie saoudite] ; A. Binsaeed [Arabie saoudite]Source :
- BMJ Open [ 2044-6055 ] ; 2017.
Abstract
As of 1 November 2015, the Saudi Ministry of Health had reported 1273 cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS); among these cases, which included 9 outbreaks at several hospitals, 717 (56%) patients recovered, 14 (1%) remain hospitalised and 543 (43%) died. This study aimed to determine the epidemiological, demographic and clinical characteristics that distinguished cases of MERS contracted during outbreaks from those contracted sporadically (ie, non-outbreak) between 2012 and 2015 in Saudi Arabia.
Data from the Saudi Ministry of Health of confirmed outbreak and non-outbreak cases of MERS coronavirus (CoV) infections from September 2012 through October 2015 were abstracted and analysed. Univariate and descriptive statistical analyses were conducted, and the time between disease onset and confirmation, onset and notification and onset and death were examined.
A total of 1250 patients (aged 0–109 years; mean, 50.825 years) were reported infected with MERS-CoV. Approximately two-thirds of all MERS cases were diagnosed in men for outbreak and non-outbreak cases. Healthcare workers comprised 22% of all MERS cases for outbreak and non-outbreak cases. Nosocomial infections comprised one-third of all Saudi MERS cases; however, nosocomial infections occurred more frequently in outbreak than non-outbreak cases (p<0.001). Patients contracting MERS during an outbreak were significantly more likely to die of MERS (p<0.001).
To date, nosocomial infections have fuelled MERS outbreaks. Given that the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a worldwide religious travel destination, localised outbreaks may have massive global implications and effective outbreak preventive measures are needed.
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DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011865
PubMed: 28082362
PubMed Central: 5253590
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Binsaeed</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af5"><addr-line>Public Health Deputy</addr-line>,<institution>Ministry of Health</institution>,<addr-line>Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">28082362</idno><idno type="pmc">5253590</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5253590</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:5253590</idno><idno type="doi">10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011865</idno><date when="2017">2017</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000B01</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000B01</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000B01</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000B01</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Case characteristics among Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreak and non-outbreak cases in Saudi Arabia from 2012 to 2015</title><author><name sortKey="Alhamlan, F S" sort="Alhamlan, F S" uniqKey="Alhamlan F" first="F S" last="Alhamlan">F S Alhamlan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1"><addr-line>Department of Infection and Immunity</addr-line>,<institution>King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center</institution>,<addr-line>Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2"><institution>College of Medicine, Alfaisal University</institution>,<addr-line>Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Majumder, M S" sort="Majumder, M S" uniqKey="Majumder M" first="M S" last="Majumder">M S Majumder</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af3"><institution>Massachusetts Institute of Technology</institution>,<addr-line>Cambridge, Massachusetts</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af4"><institution>Boston Children's Hospital</institution>,<addr-line>Boston, Massachusetts</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Brownstein, J S" sort="Brownstein, J S" uniqKey="Brownstein J" first="J S" last="Brownstein">J S Brownstein</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af4"><institution>Boston Children's Hospital</institution>,<addr-line>Boston, Massachusetts</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hawkins, J" sort="Hawkins, J" uniqKey="Hawkins J" first="J" last="Hawkins">J. Hawkins</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af4"><institution>Boston Children's Hospital</institution>,<addr-line>Boston, Massachusetts</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Al Abdely, H M" sort="Al Abdely, H M" uniqKey="Al Abdely H" first="H M" last="Al-Abdely">H M Al-Abdely</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af5"><addr-line>Public Health Deputy</addr-line>,<institution>Ministry of Health</institution>,<addr-line>Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Alzahrani, A" sort="Alzahrani, A" uniqKey="Alzahrani A" first="A" last="Alzahrani">A. Alzahrani</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af5"><addr-line>Public Health Deputy</addr-line>,<institution>Ministry of Health</institution>,<addr-line>Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Obaid, D A" sort="Obaid, D A" uniqKey="Obaid D" first="D A" last="Obaid">D A Obaid</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1"><addr-line>Department of Infection and Immunity</addr-line>,<institution>King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center</institution>,<addr-line>Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Al Ahdal, M N" sort="Al Ahdal, M N" uniqKey="Al Ahdal M" first="M N" last="Al-Ahdal">M N Al-Ahdal</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1"><addr-line>Department of Infection and Immunity</addr-line>,<institution>King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center</institution>,<addr-line>Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af2"><institution>College of Medicine, Alfaisal University</institution>,<addr-line>Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af6"><addr-line>Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine</addr-line>,<institution>King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center</institution>,<addr-line>Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Binsaeed, A" sort="Binsaeed, A" uniqKey="Binsaeed A" first="A" last="Binsaeed">A. Binsaeed</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af5"><addr-line>Public Health Deputy</addr-line>,<institution>Ministry of Health</institution>,<addr-line>Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Arabie saoudite</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">BMJ Open</title><idno type="eISSN">2044-6055</idno><imprint><date when="2017">2017</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Objectives</title><p>As of 1 November 2015, the Saudi Ministry of Health had reported 1273 cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS); among these cases, which included 9 outbreaks at several hospitals, 717 (56%) patients recovered, 14 (1%) remain hospitalised and 543 (43%) died. This study aimed to determine the epidemiological, demographic and clinical characteristics that distinguished cases of MERS contracted during outbreaks from those contracted sporadically (ie, non-outbreak) between 2012 and 2015 in Saudi Arabia.</p></sec><sec><title>Design</title><p>Data from the Saudi Ministry of Health of confirmed outbreak and non-outbreak cases of MERS coronavirus (CoV) infections from September 2012 through October 2015 were abstracted and analysed. Univariate and descriptive statistical analyses were conducted, and the time between disease onset and confirmation, onset and notification and onset and death were examined.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>A total of 1250 patients (aged 0–109 years; mean, 50.825 years) were reported infected with MERS-CoV. Approximately two-thirds of all MERS cases were diagnosed in men for outbreak and non-outbreak cases. Healthcare workers comprised 22% of all MERS cases for outbreak and non-outbreak cases. Nosocomial infections comprised one-third of all Saudi MERS cases; however, nosocomial infections occurred more frequently in outbreak than non-outbreak cases (p<0.001). Patients contracting MERS during an outbreak were significantly more likely to die of MERS (p<0.001).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>To date, nosocomial infections have fuelled MERS outbreaks. Given that the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a worldwide religious travel destination, localised outbreaks may have massive global implications and effective outbreak preventive measures are needed.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zaki, Am" uniqKey="Zaki A">AM Zaki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Van Boheemen, S" uniqKey="Van Boheemen S">S van Boheemen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bestebroer, Tm" uniqKey="Bestebroer T">TM Bestebroer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bermingham, A" uniqKey="Bermingham A">A Bermingham</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chand, Ma" uniqKey="Chand M">MA Chand</name></author><author><name sortKey="Brown, Cs" uniqKey="Brown C">CS Brown</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Breban, R" uniqKey="Breban R">R Breban</name></author><author><name 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">BMJ Open</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">BMJ Open</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">bmjopen</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">bmjopen</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>BMJ Open</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">2044-6055</issn><publisher><publisher-name>BMJ Publishing Group</publisher-name><publisher-loc>BMA House, Tavistock Square, London, WC1H 9JR</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">28082362</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5253590</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">bmjopen-2016-011865</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1136/bmjopen-2016-011865</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Infectious Diseases</subject><subj-group><subject>Research</subject></subj-group></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="hwp-journal-coll"><subject>1506</subject><subject>1706</subject><subject>1692</subject><subject>1699</subject><subject>1724</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Case characteristics among Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreak and non-outbreak cases in Saudi Arabia from 2012 to 2015</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Alhamlan</surname><given-names>F S</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Majumder</surname><given-names>M S</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af3">3</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Brownstein</surname><given-names>J S</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hawkins</surname><given-names>J</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Al-Abdely</surname><given-names>H M</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Alzahrani</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af5">5</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Obaid</surname><given-names>D A</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1">1</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Al-Ahdal</surname><given-names>M N</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1">1</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2">2</xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af6">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>BinSaeed</surname><given-names>A</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af5">5</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="af1"><label>1</label><addr-line>Department of Infection and Immunity</addr-line>,<institution>King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center</institution>,<addr-line>Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></aff><aff id="af2"><label>2</label><institution>College of Medicine, Alfaisal University</institution>,<addr-line>Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></aff><aff id="af3"><label>3</label><institution>Massachusetts Institute of Technology</institution>,<addr-line>Cambridge, Massachusetts</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="af4"><label>4</label><institution>Boston Children's Hospital</institution>,<addr-line>Boston, Massachusetts</addr-line>,<country>USA</country></aff><aff id="af5"><label>5</label><addr-line>Public Health Deputy</addr-line>,<institution>Ministry of Health</institution>,<addr-line>Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></aff><aff id="af6"><label>6</label><addr-line>Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine</addr-line>,<institution>King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center</institution>,<addr-line>Riyadh</addr-line>,<country>Saudi Arabia</country></aff><author-notes><corresp><label>Correspondence to</label> Dr F S Alhamlan; <email>falhamlan@kfshrc.edu.sa</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2017</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>1</month><year>2017</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>1</issue><elocation-id>e011865</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>12</day><month>3</month><year>2016</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>14</day><month>9</month><year>2016</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>27</day><month>9</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Published by the BMJ Publishing Group Limited. For permission to use (where not already granted under a licence) please go to http://www.bmj.com/company/products-services/rights-and-licensing/</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2017</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed in accordance with the Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial (CC BY-NC 4.0) license, which permits others to distribute, remix, adapt, build upon this work non-commercially, and license their derivative works on different terms, provided the original work is properly cited and the use is non-commercial. See: <ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/</ext-link></license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:title="pdf" xlink:href="bmjopen-2016-011865.pdf"></self-uri><abstract><sec><title>Objectives</title><p>As of 1 November 2015, the Saudi Ministry of Health had reported 1273 cases of Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS); among these cases, which included 9 outbreaks at several hospitals, 717 (56%) patients recovered, 14 (1%) remain hospitalised and 543 (43%) died. This study aimed to determine the epidemiological, demographic and clinical characteristics that distinguished cases of MERS contracted during outbreaks from those contracted sporadically (ie, non-outbreak) between 2012 and 2015 in Saudi Arabia.</p></sec><sec><title>Design</title><p>Data from the Saudi Ministry of Health of confirmed outbreak and non-outbreak cases of MERS coronavirus (CoV) infections from September 2012 through October 2015 were abstracted and analysed. Univariate and descriptive statistical analyses were conducted, and the time between disease onset and confirmation, onset and notification and onset and death were examined.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p>A total of 1250 patients (aged 0–109 years; mean, 50.825 years) were reported infected with MERS-CoV. Approximately two-thirds of all MERS cases were diagnosed in men for outbreak and non-outbreak cases. Healthcare workers comprised 22% of all MERS cases for outbreak and non-outbreak cases. Nosocomial infections comprised one-third of all Saudi MERS cases; however, nosocomial infections occurred more frequently in outbreak than non-outbreak cases (p<0.001). Patients contracting MERS during an outbreak were significantly more likely to die of MERS (p<0.001).</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p>To date, nosocomial infections have fuelled MERS outbreaks. Given that the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is a worldwide religious travel destination, localised outbreaks may have massive global implications and effective outbreak preventive measures are needed.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>INFECTIOUS DISEASES</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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