Serveur d'exploration MERS

Attention, ce site est en cours de développement !
Attention, site généré par des moyens informatiques à partir de corpus bruts.
Les informations ne sont donc pas validées.

The daily computed weighted averaging basic reproduction number R0,k,ωn for MERS-CoV in South Korea

Identifieur interne : 000F93 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000F92; suivant : 000F94

The daily computed weighted averaging basic reproduction number R0,k,ωn for MERS-CoV in South Korea

Auteurs : Darae Jeong [Corée du Sud] ; Chang Hyeong Lee [Corée du Sud] ; Yongho Choi [Corée du Sud] ; Junseok Kim [Corée du Sud]

Source :

RBID : PMC:7126530

Abstract

In this paper, we propose the daily computed weighted averaging basic reproduction number R0,k,ωn for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outbreak in South Korea, May to July 2015. We use an SIR model with piecewise constant parameters β (contact rate) and γ (removed rate). We use the explicit Euler’s method for the solution of the SIR model and a nonlinear least-square fitting procedure for finding the best parameters. In R0,k,ωn, the parameters n, k, and w denote days from a reference date, the number of days in averaging, and a weighting factor, respectively. We perform a series of numerical experiments and compare the results with the real-world data. In particular, using the predicted reproduction number based on the previous two consecutive reproduction numbers, we can predict the future behavior of the reproduction number.


Url:
DOI: 10.1016/j.physa.2016.01.072
PubMed: 32288098
PubMed Central: 7126530


Affiliations:


Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)


Le document en format XML

<record>
<TEI>
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title xml:lang="en">The daily computed weighted averaging basic reproduction number
<inline-formula>
<mml:math id="M1" altimg="si7.gif" display="inline" overflow="scroll">
<mml:msubsup>
<mml:mrow>
<mml:mi>R</mml:mi>
</mml:mrow>
<mml:mrow>
<mml:mn>0</mml:mn>
<mml:mo>,</mml:mo>
<mml:mi>k</mml:mi>
<mml:mo>,</mml:mo>
<mml:mi>ω</mml:mi>
</mml:mrow>
<mml:mrow>
<mml:mi>n</mml:mi>
</mml:mrow>
</mml:msubsup>
</mml:math>
</inline-formula>
for MERS-CoV in South Korea</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jeong, Darae" sort="Jeong, Darae" uniqKey="Jeong D" first="Darae" last="Jeong">Darae Jeong</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af000005">Department of Mathematics, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Mathematics, Korea University, Seoul 136-713</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement>
<region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lee, Chang Hyeong" sort="Lee, Chang Hyeong" uniqKey="Lee C" first="Chang Hyeong" last="Lee">Chang Hyeong Lee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af000010">Department of Mathematical Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Mathematical Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ulsan 689-798</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Choi, Yongho" sort="Choi, Yongho" uniqKey="Choi Y" first="Yongho" last="Choi">Yongho Choi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af000005">Department of Mathematics, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Mathematics, Korea University, Seoul 136-713</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement>
<region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kim, Junseok" sort="Kim, Junseok" uniqKey="Kim J" first="Junseok" last="Kim">Junseok Kim</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af000005">Department of Mathematics, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Mathematics, Korea University, Seoul 136-713</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement>
<region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt>
<idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">32288098</idno>
<idno type="pmc">7126530</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7126530</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:7126530</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1016/j.physa.2016.01.072</idno>
<date when="2016">2016</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">001123</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">001123</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">001123</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">001123</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000982</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000982</idno>
<idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno>
<idno type="RBID">pubmed:32288098</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">001103</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">001103</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">001103</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">001103</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">000E76</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">000E76</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">002768</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">002768</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">002768</idno>
<idno type="wicri:doubleKey">0378-4371:2016:Jeong D:the:daily:computed</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">000F96</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000F93</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">000F93</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">The daily computed weighted averaging basic reproduction number
<inline-formula>
<mml:math id="M1" altimg="si7.gif" display="inline" overflow="scroll">
<mml:msubsup>
<mml:mrow>
<mml:mi>R</mml:mi>
</mml:mrow>
<mml:mrow>
<mml:mn>0</mml:mn>
<mml:mo>,</mml:mo>
<mml:mi>k</mml:mi>
<mml:mo>,</mml:mo>
<mml:mi>ω</mml:mi>
</mml:mrow>
<mml:mrow>
<mml:mi>n</mml:mi>
</mml:mrow>
</mml:msubsup>
</mml:math>
</inline-formula>
for MERS-CoV in South Korea</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jeong, Darae" sort="Jeong, Darae" uniqKey="Jeong D" first="Darae" last="Jeong">Darae Jeong</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af000005">Department of Mathematics, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Mathematics, Korea University, Seoul 136-713</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement>
<region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lee, Chang Hyeong" sort="Lee, Chang Hyeong" uniqKey="Lee C" first="Chang Hyeong" last="Lee">Chang Hyeong Lee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af000010">Department of Mathematical Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798, Republic of Korea</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Mathematical Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan 689-798</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Ulsan 689-798</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Choi, Yongho" sort="Choi, Yongho" uniqKey="Choi Y" first="Yongho" last="Choi">Yongho Choi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af000005">Department of Mathematics, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Mathematics, Korea University, Seoul 136-713</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement>
<region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kim, Junseok" sort="Kim, Junseok" uniqKey="Kim J" first="Junseok" last="Kim">Junseok Kim</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<nlm:aff id="af000005">Department of Mathematics, Korea University, Seoul 136-713, Republic of Korea</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Corée du Sud</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Mathematics, Korea University, Seoul 136-713</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName>
<settlement type="city">Séoul</settlement>
<region type="capital">Région capitale de Séoul</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series>
<title level="j">Physica a</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0378-4371</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">0378-4371</idno>
<imprint>
<date when="2016">2016</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc>
<textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">
<p>In this paper, we propose the daily computed weighted averaging basic reproduction number
<inline-formula>
<mml:math id="M2" altimg="si7.gif" display="inline" overflow="scroll">
<mml:msubsup>
<mml:mrow>
<mml:mi>R</mml:mi>
</mml:mrow>
<mml:mrow>
<mml:mn>0</mml:mn>
<mml:mo>,</mml:mo>
<mml:mi>k</mml:mi>
<mml:mo>,</mml:mo>
<mml:mi>ω</mml:mi>
</mml:mrow>
<mml:mrow>
<mml:mi>n</mml:mi>
</mml:mrow>
</mml:msubsup>
</mml:math>
</inline-formula>
for Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) outbreak in South Korea, May to July 2015. We use an SIR model with piecewise constant parameters
<inline-formula>
<mml:math id="M3" altimg="si31.gif" display="inline" overflow="scroll">
<mml:mi>β</mml:mi>
</mml:math>
</inline-formula>
(contact rate) and
<inline-formula>
<mml:math id="M4" altimg="si32.gif" display="inline" overflow="scroll">
<mml:mi>γ</mml:mi>
</mml:math>
</inline-formula>
(removed rate). We use the explicit Euler’s method for the solution of the SIR model and a nonlinear least-square fitting procedure for finding the best parameters. In
<inline-formula>
<mml:math id="M5" altimg="si7.gif" display="inline" overflow="scroll">
<mml:msubsup>
<mml:mrow>
<mml:mi>R</mml:mi>
</mml:mrow>
<mml:mrow>
<mml:mn>0</mml:mn>
<mml:mo>,</mml:mo>
<mml:mi>k</mml:mi>
<mml:mo>,</mml:mo>
<mml:mi>ω</mml:mi>
</mml:mrow>
<mml:mrow>
<mml:mi>n</mml:mi>
</mml:mrow>
</mml:msubsup>
</mml:math>
</inline-formula>
, the parameters
<inline-formula>
<mml:math id="M6" altimg="si23.gif" display="inline" overflow="scroll">
<mml:mi>n</mml:mi>
</mml:math>
</inline-formula>
,
<inline-formula>
<mml:math id="M7" altimg="si35.gif" display="inline" overflow="scroll">
<mml:mi>k</mml:mi>
</mml:math>
</inline-formula>
, and
<inline-formula>
<mml:math id="M8" altimg="si36.gif" display="inline" overflow="scroll">
<mml:mi>w</mml:mi>
</mml:math>
</inline-formula>
denote days from a reference date, the number of days in averaging, and a weighting factor, respectively. We perform a series of numerical experiments and compare the results with the real-world data. In particular, using the predicted reproduction number based on the previous two consecutive reproduction numbers, we can predict the future behavior of the reproduction number.</p>
</div>
</front>
<back>
<div1 type="bibliography">
<listBibl>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Zhang, X" uniqKey="Zhang X">X. Zhang</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ge, B" uniqKey="Ge B">B. Ge</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wang, Q" uniqKey="Wang Q">Q. Wang</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jiang, J" uniqKey="Jiang J">J. Jiang</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="You, H" uniqKey="You H">H. You</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Chen, Y" uniqKey="Chen Y">Y. Chen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cowling, B J" uniqKey="Cowling B">B.J. Cowling</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Park, M" uniqKey="Park M">M. Park</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fang, V J" uniqKey="Fang V">V.J. Fang</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wu, P" uniqKey="Wu P">P. Wu</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Leung, G M" uniqKey="Leung G">G.M. Leung</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wu, J T" uniqKey="Wu J">J.T. Wu</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kermack, W O" uniqKey="Kermack W">W.O. Kermack</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mckendrick, A G" uniqKey="Mckendrick A">A.G. McKendrick</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ji, C" uniqKey="Ji C">C. Ji</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jiang, D" uniqKey="Jiang D">D. Jiang</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Shi, N" uniqKey="Shi N">N. Shi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tanaka, M" uniqKey="Tanaka M">M. Tanaka</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sakumoto, Y" uniqKey="Sakumoto Y">Y. Sakumoto</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Aida, M" uniqKey="Aida M">M. Aida</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kawashima, K" uniqKey="Kawashima K">K. Kawashima</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Gomes, M F C" uniqKey="Gomes M">M.F.C. Gomes</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Goncalves, S" uniqKey="Goncalves S">S. Goncalves</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Tornatore, E" uniqKey="Tornatore E">E. Tornatore</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Buccellato, S M" uniqKey="Buccellato S">S.M. Buccellato</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Vetro, P" uniqKey="Vetro P">P. Vetro</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ji, C" uniqKey="Ji C">C. Ji</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jiang, D" uniqKey="Jiang D">D. Jiang</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Shi, N" uniqKey="Shi N">N. Shi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Shulgin, B" uniqKey="Shulgin B">B. Shulgin</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Stone, L" uniqKey="Stone L">L. Stone</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Agur, Z" uniqKey="Agur Z">Z. Agur</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Stone, L" uniqKey="Stone L">L. Stone</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Shulgin, B" uniqKey="Shulgin B">B. Shulgin</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Agur, Z" uniqKey="Agur Z">Z. Agur</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Fu, L" uniqKey="Fu L">L. Fu</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Song, W" uniqKey="Song W">W. Song</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lv, W" uniqKey="Lv W">W. Lv</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lo, S" uniqKey="Lo S">S. Lo</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Mandal, S" uniqKey="Mandal S">S. Mandal</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sarkar, R P" uniqKey="Sarkar R">R.P. Sarkar</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sinha, S" uniqKey="Sinha S">S. Sinha</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct></biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Duncan, C J" uniqKey="Duncan C">C.J. Duncan</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Duncan, S R" uniqKey="Duncan S">S.R. Duncan</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Scott, S" uniqKey="Scott S">S. Scott</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wang, Y" uniqKey="Wang Y">Y. Wang</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cao, J" uniqKey="Cao J">J. Cao</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Alofi, A" uniqKey="Alofi A">A. Alofi</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Abdullah, A M" uniqKey="Abdullah A">A.M. Abdullah</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Elaiw, A" uniqKey="Elaiw A">A. Elaiw</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Driessche, V D" uniqKey="Driessche V">V.D. Driessche</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Watmough, J" uniqKey="Watmough J">J. Watmough</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Chowell, G" uniqKey="Chowell G">G. Chowell</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Abdirizak, F" uniqKey="Abdirizak F">F. Abdirizak</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lee, S" uniqKey="Lee S">S. Lee</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lee, J" uniqKey="Lee J">J. Lee</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Jung, E" uniqKey="Jung E">E. Jung</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nishiura, H" uniqKey="Nishiura H">H. Nishiura</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Viboud, C" uniqKey="Viboud C">C. Viboud</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Diekmann, O" uniqKey="Diekmann O">O. Diekmann</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Heesterbeek, H" uniqKey="Heesterbeek H">H. Heesterbeek</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Heesterbeek, J A P" uniqKey="Heesterbeek J">J.A.P. Heesterbeek</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Britton, N" uniqKey="Britton N">N. Britton</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<author>
<name sortKey="Chowell, G" uniqKey="Chowell G">G. Chowell</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Blumberg, S" uniqKey="Blumberg S">S. Blumberg</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Simonsen, L" uniqKey="Simonsen L">L. Simonsen</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Miller, M A" uniqKey="Miller M">M.A. Miller</name>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Viboud, C" uniqKey="Viboud C">C. Viboud</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
</listBibl>
</div1>
</back>
</TEI>
<affiliations>
<list>
<country>
<li>Corée du Sud</li>
</country>
<region>
<li>Région capitale de Séoul</li>
</region>
<settlement>
<li>Séoul</li>
</settlement>
</list>
<tree>
<country name="Corée du Sud">
<region name="Région capitale de Séoul">
<name sortKey="Jeong, Darae" sort="Jeong, Darae" uniqKey="Jeong D" first="Darae" last="Jeong">Darae Jeong</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Choi, Yongho" sort="Choi, Yongho" uniqKey="Choi Y" first="Yongho" last="Choi">Yongho Choi</name>
<name sortKey="Kim, Junseok" sort="Kim, Junseok" uniqKey="Kim J" first="Junseok" last="Kim">Junseok Kim</name>
<name sortKey="Lee, Chang Hyeong" sort="Lee, Chang Hyeong" uniqKey="Lee C" first="Chang Hyeong" last="Lee">Chang Hyeong Lee</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>

Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)

EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Sante/explor/MersV1/Data/Main/Exploration
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000F93 | SxmlIndent | more

Ou

HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd -nk 000F93 | SxmlIndent | more

Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri

{{Explor lien
   |wiki=    Sante
   |area=    MersV1
   |flux=    Main
   |étape=   Exploration
   |type=    RBID
   |clé=     PMC:7126530
   |texte=   The daily computed weighted averaging basic reproduction number R0,k,ωn for MERS-CoV in South Korea
}}

Pour générer des pages wiki

HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/RBID.i   -Sk "pubmed:32288098" \
       | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd   \
       | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a MersV1 

Wicri

This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33.
Data generation: Mon Apr 20 23:26:43 2020. Site generation: Sat Mar 27 09:06:09 2021