Serveur d'exploration sur le patient édenté

Attention, ce site est en cours de développement !
Attention, site généré par des moyens informatiques à partir de corpus bruts.
Les informations ne sont donc pas validées.

Convergent evolution and character correlation in burrowing reptiles: towards a resolution of squamate relationships

Identifieur interne : 005652 ( Istex/Curation ); précédent : 005651; suivant : 005653

Convergent evolution and character correlation in burrowing reptiles: towards a resolution of squamate relationships

Auteurs : Michael S. Y. Lee [Australie]

Source :

RBID : ISTEX:AD93A0715AEB52A4F2F9BA02463F09A65AF84FAF

Descripteurs français

English descriptors

Abstract

Abstract: The affinities of three problematic groups of elongate, burrowing reptiles (amphisbaenians, dibamids and snakes) are reassessed through a phylogenetic analysis of all the major groups of squamates, including the important fossil taxaSineoamphisbaena, mosasauroids andPachyrhachis; 230 phylogenetically informative osteological characters were evaluated in 22 taxa. Snakes (includingPachyrhachis) are anguimorphs, being related firstly to large marine mosasauroids, and secondly to monitor lizards (varanids). Scincids and cordylids are not related to lacertiforms as previously thought, but to anguimorphs. Amphisbaenians and dibamids are closely related, andSineoamphisbaenais the sister group to this clade. The amphisbaenian–dibamid–Sineoamphisbaenaclade, in turn, is related to gekkotans and xantusiids. When the fossil taxa are ignored, snakes, amphisbaenians and dibamids form an apparently well-corroborated clade nested within anguimorphs. However, nearly all of the characters supporting this arrangement are correlated with head-first burrowing (miniaturization, cranial consolidation, body elongation, limb reduction), and invariably co-occur in other tetrapods with similar habits. These characters are potentially very misleading because of their sheer number and because they largely represent reductions or losses. It takes very drastic downweighting of these linked characters to alter tree topology: if fossils are excluded from the analysis, a (probably spurious) clade consisting of elongate, fossorial taxa almost always results. These results underscore the importance of including all relevant taxa in phylogenetic analyses. Inferring squamate phylogeny depends critically on the inclusion of certain (fossil) taxa with combinations of character states that demonstrate convergent evolution of the elongate, fossorial ecomorph in amphisbaenians and dibamids, and in snakes. In the all-taxon analysis, the position of snakes within anguimorphs is more strongly-corroborated than the association of amphisbaenians and dibamids with gekkotans. When the critical fossil taxa are deleted, snakes «attract» the amphisbaenian–dibamid clade on the basis of a suite of correlated characters. While snakes remain anchored in anguimorphs, the amphisbaenian–dibamid clade moves away from gekkotans to join them. Regardless of the varying positions of the three elongate burrowing taxa, the interrelationships between the remaining limbed squamates («lizards») are constant; thus, the heterodox affinities of scincids, cordylids, and xantusiids identified in this analysis appear to be robust. Finally, the position ofPachyrhachisas a basal snake rather than (as recently suggested) a derived snake is supported on both phylogenetic and evolutionary grounds.

Url:
DOI: 10.1006/bijl.1998.0256

Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)


Links to Exploration step

ISTEX:AD93A0715AEB52A4F2F9BA02463F09A65AF84FAF

Le document en format XML

<record>
<TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct">
<teiHeader>
<fileDesc>
<titleStmt>
<title xml:lang="en">Convergent evolution and character correlation in burrowing reptiles: towards a resolution of squamate relationships</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lee, Michael S Y" sort="Lee, Michael S Y" uniqKey="Lee M" first="Michael S. Y." last="Lee">Michael S. Y. Lee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, 3168, VIC, AustraliaDepartment of Zoology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072, QLD, Australia</mods:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, 3168, VIC, AustraliaDepartment of Zoology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072, QLD</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt>
<idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno>
<idno type="RBID">ISTEX:AD93A0715AEB52A4F2F9BA02463F09A65AF84FAF</idno>
<date when="1998" year="1998">1998</date>
<idno type="doi">10.1006/bijl.1998.0256</idno>
<idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/AD93A0715AEB52A4F2F9BA02463F09A65AF84FAF/fulltext/pdf</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">005652</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">005652</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Curation">005652</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc>
<biblStruct>
<analytic>
<title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Convergent evolution and character correlation in burrowing reptiles: towards a resolution of squamate relationships</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Lee, Michael S Y" sort="Lee, Michael S Y" uniqKey="Lee M" first="Michael S. Y." last="Lee">Michael S. Y. Lee</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1">
<mods:affiliation>Department of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, 3168, VIC, AustraliaDepartment of Zoology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072, QLD, Australia</mods:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Biological Sciences, Monash University, Clayton, 3168, VIC, AustraliaDepartment of Zoology, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, 4072, QLD</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<monogr></monogr>
<series>
<title level="j">Biological Journal of the Linnean Society</title>
<title level="j" type="abbrev">YBIJL</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0024-4066</idno>
<imprint>
<publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher>
<date type="published" when="1998">1998</date>
<biblScope unit="volume">65</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="issue">4</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page" from="369">369</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page" to="453">453</biblScope>
</imprint>
<idno type="ISSN">0024-4066</idno>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
<seriesStmt>
<idno type="ISSN">0024-4066</idno>
</seriesStmt>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc>
<textClass>
<keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en">
<term>Acrodont</term>
<term>Acrodonta</term>
<term>Adaptive</term>
<term>Adductor</term>
<term>Agamid</term>
<term>Agamidae</term>
<term>Alar</term>
<term>Alar process</term>
<term>Alethinophidians</term>
<term>Amnh</term>
<term>Amphisbaenia</term>
<term>Amphisbaenian</term>
<term>Amphisbaenians</term>
<term>Ange</term>
<term>Anges</term>
<term>Anguidae</term>
<term>Anguids</term>
<term>Anguimorpha</term>
<term>Anguimorphs</term>
<term>Annulata</term>
<term>Anterior process</term>
<term>Anteriorly</term>
<term>Anterolateral</term>
<term>Anterolateral process</term>
<term>Anteromedial</term>
<term>Anteroventral</term>
<term>Anteroventrally</term>
<term>Articular</term>
<term>Articulates</term>
<term>Autarchoglossa</term>
<term>Autotomy</term>
<term>Barbadillo</term>
<term>Basal</term>
<term>Basal forms</term>
<term>Basisphenoid</term>
<term>Bellairs</term>
<term>Benton</term>
<term>Bmnh</term>
<term>Bogert</term>
<term>Bootstrapping</term>
<term>Braincase</term>
<term>Caudal</term>
<term>Centrum</term>
<term>Cervical</term>
<term>Chamaeleo</term>
<term>Chamaeleon</term>
<term>Chamaeleonidae</term>
<term>Character correlation</term>
<term>Character states</term>
<term>Clade</term>
<term>Cladistic</term>
<term>Cladistic analysis</term>
<term>Cladistics</term>
<term>Cladogram</term>
<term>Clavicle</term>
<term>Clear morphocline</term>
<term>Comm</term>
<term>Condyle</term>
<term>Convergence</term>
<term>Convergent</term>
<term>Convergent evolution</term>
<term>Coracoid</term>
<term>Cordylidae</term>
<term>Cordylids</term>
<term>Coronoid</term>
<term>Coronoid process</term>
<term>Correlated</term>
<term>Correlated characters</term>
<term>Cranial</term>
<term>Cultriform</term>
<term>Cundall</term>
<term>Data matrix</term>
<term>Dentary</term>
<term>Dibamid</term>
<term>Dibamidae</term>
<term>Dibamids</term>
<term>Dibamus</term>
<term>Dinilysia</term>
<term>Diploglossa</term>
<term>Distinct characters</term>
<term>Dorsal</term>
<term>Dorsal surface</term>
<term>Dorsal view</term>
<term>Dorsally</term>
<term>Downgrowths</term>
<term>Ecomorph</term>
<term>Ectopterygoid</term>
<term>Emargination</term>
<term>Estes</term>
<term>Etheridge</term>
<term>Evans barbadillo</term>
<term>Exhibit state</term>
<term>Femur</term>
<term>Fenestra</term>
<term>Foramen</term>
<term>Fossa</term>
<term>Fossil</term>
<term>Fossil taxa</term>
<term>Fossorial</term>
<term>Fossorial ecomorph</term>
<term>Fraser</term>
<term>Frontoparietal</term>
<term>Frontoparietal suture</term>
<term>Frost etheridge</term>
<term>Gans</term>
<term>Gauthier</term>
<term>Gekkonidae</term>
<term>Gekkonids</term>
<term>Gekkota</term>
<term>Gekkotans</term>
<term>Gymnophthalmidae</term>
<term>Gymnophthalmids</term>
<term>Hallermann</term>
<term>Heloderma</term>
<term>Hindlimb</term>
<term>Homology</term>
<term>Iguania</term>
<term>Iguanid</term>
<term>Iguanidae</term>
<term>Ingroup</term>
<term>Intercentra</term>
<term>Interclavicle</term>
<term>Jugal</term>
<term>Kluge</term>
<term>Kuehneosauridae</term>
<term>Kuehneosaurs</term>
<term>Lacertid</term>
<term>Lacertidae</term>
<term>Lacertiformes</term>
<term>Lacertiforms</term>
<term>Lacrimal</term>
<term>Lanthanotus</term>
<term>Lateral</term>
<term>Lateral processes</term>
<term>Lateral surface</term>
<term>Lateral view</term>
<term>Laterally</term>
<term>Limbed</term>
<term>Limbless</term>
<term>Linnean</term>
<term>Linnean society</term>
<term>Lizard</term>
<term>Macey</term>
<term>Mandible</term>
<term>Marmoretta</term>
<term>Maxilla</term>
<term>Maxillary</term>
<term>Mcdowell</term>
<term>Medial</term>
<term>Medial surface</term>
<term>Medially</term>
<term>Median premaxillary tooth</term>
<term>Metataxa</term>
<term>Midline</term>
<term>Modern snakes</term>
<term>Monophyletic</term>
<term>Monophyly</term>
<term>Morphocline</term>
<term>Mosasauroidea</term>
<term>Mosasauroids</term>
<term>Multistate</term>
<term>Natural history</term>
<term>Next character</term>
<term>Ontogeny</term>
<term>Opisthotic</term>
<term>Orbital margin</term>
<term>Orbitosphenoid</term>
<term>Ossicle</term>
<term>Osteoderms</term>
<term>Osteological</term>
<term>Osteological characters</term>
<term>Other characters</term>
<term>Other squamates</term>
<term>Outgroups</term>
<term>Pachyrhachis</term>
<term>Palatal</term>
<term>Palatine</term>
<term>Parabasisphenoid</term>
<term>Paraphyletic</term>
<term>Parietal</term>
<term>Parietal downgrowths</term>
<term>Parietal table</term>
<term>Paup</term>
<term>Pers</term>
<term>Phylogenetic</term>
<term>Phylogenetic analysis</term>
<term>Phylogenetic relationships</term>
<term>Phylogenetically</term>
<term>Phylogeny</term>
<term>Pineal</term>
<term>Pineal foramen</term>
<term>Polymorphic</term>
<term>Polymorphism</term>
<term>Posteriorly</term>
<term>Posterodorsal</term>
<term>Postfrontal</term>
<term>Postorbital</term>
<term>Prearticular</term>
<term>Prefrontal</term>
<term>Pregill</term>
<term>Premaxilla</term>
<term>Premaxillary</term>
<term>Presacral</term>
<term>Presch</term>
<term>Previous analyses</term>
<term>Previous character</term>
<term>Primitive state</term>
<term>Primitively</term>
<term>Prootic</term>
<term>Pseudotuberculum</term>
<term>Pterygoid</term>
<term>Pterygoid teeth</term>
<term>Pubis</term>
<term>Putative</term>
<term>Pygopodidae</term>
<term>Pygopodids</term>
<term>Pythonomorpha</term>
<term>Quadrate</term>
<term>Queiroz</term>
<term>Ramus</term>
<term>Recoding</term>
<term>Reptile</term>
<term>Reptilia</term>
<term>Resorption</term>
<term>Retroarticular</term>
<term>Retroarticular process</term>
<term>Reynoso</term>
<term>Rhynchocephalia</term>
<term>Rhynchocephalians</term>
<term>Rib</term>
<term>Rieppel</term>
<term>Robust</term>
<term>Rugosities</term>
<term>Sauria</term>
<term>Scanlon</term>
<term>Scapulocoracoid</term>
<term>Schwenk</term>
<term>Scincid</term>
<term>Scincidae</term>
<term>Scleral</term>
<term>Scleral ossicles</term>
<term>Scleroglossa</term>
<term>Scolecophidians</term>
<term>Septomaxilla</term>
<term>Serpentes</term>
<term>Sineoamphisbaena</term>
<term>Sister group</term>
<term>Skull</term>
<term>Splenial</term>
<term>Squamata</term>
<term>Squamate</term>
<term>Squamate relationships</term>
<term>Squamate taxonomy</term>
<term>Squamates</term>
<term>Squamosal</term>
<term>Stapes</term>
<term>Subdental</term>
<term>Subdivided</term>
<term>Suborbital</term>
<term>Such characters</term>
<term>Support index</term>
<term>Supraoccipital</term>
<term>Supratemporal</term>
<term>Surangular</term>
<term>Suspensorial</term>
<term>Sutural</term>
<term>Suture</term>
<term>Sutured</term>
<term>Symphysial</term>
<term>Synapomorphies</term>
<term>Synapomorphy</term>
<term>Systematics</term>
<term>Taxon</term>
<term>Taxon names</term>
<term>Taxonomy</term>
<term>Teiid</term>
<term>Teiidae</term>
<term>Terminal taxa</term>
<term>Terminal taxon</term>
<term>Topology</term>
<term>Tubera</term>
<term>Tubercle</term>
<term>Tympanic</term>
<term>Tympanic crest</term>
<term>Unordered</term>
<term>Usnm</term>
<term>Varanidae</term>
<term>Varanoidea</term>
<term>Varanoids</term>
<term>Varanus</term>
<term>Ventral</term>
<term>Ventral surface</term>
<term>Ventral view</term>
<term>Vertebra</term>
<term>Vomer</term>
<term>Weighting</term>
<term>Xantusiidae</term>
<term>Xantusiids</term>
<term>Xenosauridae</term>
<term>Xenosaurids</term>
<term>Zaher</term>
<term>Zoological</term>
<term>Zoological journal</term>
<term>Zoology</term>
<term>Zygosphenes</term>
<term>phylogenetics – cladistics – fossils – Amphisbaenia – Dibamidae – Serpentes – snakes.</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en">
<term>Acrodont</term>
<term>Acrodonta</term>
<term>Adaptive</term>
<term>Adductor</term>
<term>Agamid</term>
<term>Agamidae</term>
<term>Alar</term>
<term>Alar process</term>
<term>Alethinophidians</term>
<term>Amnh</term>
<term>Amphisbaenia</term>
<term>Amphisbaenian</term>
<term>Amphisbaenians</term>
<term>Ange</term>
<term>Anges</term>
<term>Anguidae</term>
<term>Anguids</term>
<term>Anguimorpha</term>
<term>Anguimorphs</term>
<term>Annulata</term>
<term>Anterior process</term>
<term>Anteriorly</term>
<term>Anterolateral</term>
<term>Anterolateral process</term>
<term>Anteromedial</term>
<term>Anteroventral</term>
<term>Anteroventrally</term>
<term>Articular</term>
<term>Articulates</term>
<term>Autarchoglossa</term>
<term>Autotomy</term>
<term>Barbadillo</term>
<term>Basal</term>
<term>Basal forms</term>
<term>Basisphenoid</term>
<term>Bellairs</term>
<term>Benton</term>
<term>Bmnh</term>
<term>Bogert</term>
<term>Bootstrapping</term>
<term>Braincase</term>
<term>Caudal</term>
<term>Centrum</term>
<term>Cervical</term>
<term>Chamaeleo</term>
<term>Chamaeleon</term>
<term>Chamaeleonidae</term>
<term>Character correlation</term>
<term>Character states</term>
<term>Clade</term>
<term>Cladistic</term>
<term>Cladistic analysis</term>
<term>Cladistics</term>
<term>Cladogram</term>
<term>Clavicle</term>
<term>Clear morphocline</term>
<term>Comm</term>
<term>Condyle</term>
<term>Convergence</term>
<term>Convergent</term>
<term>Convergent evolution</term>
<term>Coracoid</term>
<term>Cordylidae</term>
<term>Cordylids</term>
<term>Coronoid</term>
<term>Coronoid process</term>
<term>Correlated</term>
<term>Correlated characters</term>
<term>Cranial</term>
<term>Cultriform</term>
<term>Cundall</term>
<term>Data matrix</term>
<term>Dentary</term>
<term>Dibamid</term>
<term>Dibamidae</term>
<term>Dibamids</term>
<term>Dibamus</term>
<term>Dinilysia</term>
<term>Diploglossa</term>
<term>Distinct characters</term>
<term>Dorsal</term>
<term>Dorsal surface</term>
<term>Dorsal view</term>
<term>Dorsally</term>
<term>Downgrowths</term>
<term>Ecomorph</term>
<term>Ectopterygoid</term>
<term>Emargination</term>
<term>Estes</term>
<term>Etheridge</term>
<term>Evans barbadillo</term>
<term>Exhibit state</term>
<term>Femur</term>
<term>Fenestra</term>
<term>Foramen</term>
<term>Fossa</term>
<term>Fossil</term>
<term>Fossil taxa</term>
<term>Fossorial</term>
<term>Fossorial ecomorph</term>
<term>Fraser</term>
<term>Frontoparietal</term>
<term>Frontoparietal suture</term>
<term>Frost etheridge</term>
<term>Gans</term>
<term>Gauthier</term>
<term>Gekkonidae</term>
<term>Gekkonids</term>
<term>Gekkota</term>
<term>Gekkotans</term>
<term>Gymnophthalmidae</term>
<term>Gymnophthalmids</term>
<term>Hallermann</term>
<term>Heloderma</term>
<term>Hindlimb</term>
<term>Homology</term>
<term>Iguania</term>
<term>Iguanid</term>
<term>Iguanidae</term>
<term>Ingroup</term>
<term>Intercentra</term>
<term>Interclavicle</term>
<term>Jugal</term>
<term>Kluge</term>
<term>Kuehneosauridae</term>
<term>Kuehneosaurs</term>
<term>Lacertid</term>
<term>Lacertidae</term>
<term>Lacertiformes</term>
<term>Lacertiforms</term>
<term>Lacrimal</term>
<term>Lanthanotus</term>
<term>Lateral</term>
<term>Lateral processes</term>
<term>Lateral surface</term>
<term>Lateral view</term>
<term>Laterally</term>
<term>Limbed</term>
<term>Limbless</term>
<term>Linnean</term>
<term>Linnean society</term>
<term>Lizard</term>
<term>Macey</term>
<term>Mandible</term>
<term>Marmoretta</term>
<term>Maxilla</term>
<term>Maxillary</term>
<term>Mcdowell</term>
<term>Medial</term>
<term>Medial surface</term>
<term>Medially</term>
<term>Median premaxillary tooth</term>
<term>Metataxa</term>
<term>Midline</term>
<term>Modern snakes</term>
<term>Monophyletic</term>
<term>Monophyly</term>
<term>Morphocline</term>
<term>Mosasauroidea</term>
<term>Mosasauroids</term>
<term>Multistate</term>
<term>Natural history</term>
<term>Next character</term>
<term>Ontogeny</term>
<term>Opisthotic</term>
<term>Orbital margin</term>
<term>Orbitosphenoid</term>
<term>Ossicle</term>
<term>Osteoderms</term>
<term>Osteological</term>
<term>Osteological characters</term>
<term>Other characters</term>
<term>Other squamates</term>
<term>Outgroups</term>
<term>Pachyrhachis</term>
<term>Palatal</term>
<term>Palatine</term>
<term>Parabasisphenoid</term>
<term>Paraphyletic</term>
<term>Parietal</term>
<term>Parietal downgrowths</term>
<term>Parietal table</term>
<term>Paup</term>
<term>Pers</term>
<term>Phylogenetic</term>
<term>Phylogenetic analysis</term>
<term>Phylogenetic relationships</term>
<term>Phylogenetically</term>
<term>Phylogeny</term>
<term>Pineal</term>
<term>Pineal foramen</term>
<term>Polymorphic</term>
<term>Polymorphism</term>
<term>Posteriorly</term>
<term>Posterodorsal</term>
<term>Postfrontal</term>
<term>Postorbital</term>
<term>Prearticular</term>
<term>Prefrontal</term>
<term>Pregill</term>
<term>Premaxilla</term>
<term>Premaxillary</term>
<term>Presacral</term>
<term>Presch</term>
<term>Previous analyses</term>
<term>Previous character</term>
<term>Primitive state</term>
<term>Primitively</term>
<term>Prootic</term>
<term>Pseudotuberculum</term>
<term>Pterygoid</term>
<term>Pterygoid teeth</term>
<term>Pubis</term>
<term>Putative</term>
<term>Pygopodidae</term>
<term>Pygopodids</term>
<term>Pythonomorpha</term>
<term>Quadrate</term>
<term>Queiroz</term>
<term>Ramus</term>
<term>Recoding</term>
<term>Reptile</term>
<term>Reptilia</term>
<term>Resorption</term>
<term>Retroarticular</term>
<term>Retroarticular process</term>
<term>Reynoso</term>
<term>Rhynchocephalia</term>
<term>Rhynchocephalians</term>
<term>Rib</term>
<term>Rieppel</term>
<term>Robust</term>
<term>Rugosities</term>
<term>Sauria</term>
<term>Scanlon</term>
<term>Scapulocoracoid</term>
<term>Schwenk</term>
<term>Scincid</term>
<term>Scincidae</term>
<term>Scleral</term>
<term>Scleral ossicles</term>
<term>Scleroglossa</term>
<term>Scolecophidians</term>
<term>Septomaxilla</term>
<term>Serpentes</term>
<term>Sineoamphisbaena</term>
<term>Sister group</term>
<term>Skull</term>
<term>Splenial</term>
<term>Squamata</term>
<term>Squamate</term>
<term>Squamate relationships</term>
<term>Squamate taxonomy</term>
<term>Squamates</term>
<term>Squamosal</term>
<term>Stapes</term>
<term>Subdental</term>
<term>Subdivided</term>
<term>Suborbital</term>
<term>Such characters</term>
<term>Support index</term>
<term>Supraoccipital</term>
<term>Supratemporal</term>
<term>Surangular</term>
<term>Suspensorial</term>
<term>Sutural</term>
<term>Suture</term>
<term>Sutured</term>
<term>Symphysial</term>
<term>Synapomorphies</term>
<term>Synapomorphy</term>
<term>Systematics</term>
<term>Taxon</term>
<term>Taxon names</term>
<term>Taxonomy</term>
<term>Teiid</term>
<term>Teiidae</term>
<term>Terminal taxa</term>
<term>Terminal taxon</term>
<term>Topology</term>
<term>Tubera</term>
<term>Tubercle</term>
<term>Tympanic</term>
<term>Tympanic crest</term>
<term>Unordered</term>
<term>Usnm</term>
<term>Varanidae</term>
<term>Varanoidea</term>
<term>Varanoids</term>
<term>Varanus</term>
<term>Ventral</term>
<term>Ventral surface</term>
<term>Ventral view</term>
<term>Vertebra</term>
<term>Vomer</term>
<term>Weighting</term>
<term>Xantusiidae</term>
<term>Xantusiids</term>
<term>Xenosauridae</term>
<term>Xenosaurids</term>
<term>Zaher</term>
<term>Zoological</term>
<term>Zoological journal</term>
<term>Zoology</term>
<term>Zygosphenes</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr">
<term>Reptile</term>
<term>Zoologie</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
<langUsage>
<language ident="en">en</language>
</langUsage>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Abstract: The affinities of three problematic groups of elongate, burrowing reptiles (amphisbaenians, dibamids and snakes) are reassessed through a phylogenetic analysis of all the major groups of squamates, including the important fossil taxaSineoamphisbaena, mosasauroids andPachyrhachis; 230 phylogenetically informative osteological characters were evaluated in 22 taxa. Snakes (includingPachyrhachis) are anguimorphs, being related firstly to large marine mosasauroids, and secondly to monitor lizards (varanids). Scincids and cordylids are not related to lacertiforms as previously thought, but to anguimorphs. Amphisbaenians and dibamids are closely related, andSineoamphisbaenais the sister group to this clade. The amphisbaenian–dibamid–Sineoamphisbaenaclade, in turn, is related to gekkotans and xantusiids. When the fossil taxa are ignored, snakes, amphisbaenians and dibamids form an apparently well-corroborated clade nested within anguimorphs. However, nearly all of the characters supporting this arrangement are correlated with head-first burrowing (miniaturization, cranial consolidation, body elongation, limb reduction), and invariably co-occur in other tetrapods with similar habits. These characters are potentially very misleading because of their sheer number and because they largely represent reductions or losses. It takes very drastic downweighting of these linked characters to alter tree topology: if fossils are excluded from the analysis, a (probably spurious) clade consisting of elongate, fossorial taxa almost always results. These results underscore the importance of including all relevant taxa in phylogenetic analyses. Inferring squamate phylogeny depends critically on the inclusion of certain (fossil) taxa with combinations of character states that demonstrate convergent evolution of the elongate, fossorial ecomorph in amphisbaenians and dibamids, and in snakes. In the all-taxon analysis, the position of snakes within anguimorphs is more strongly-corroborated than the association of amphisbaenians and dibamids with gekkotans. When the critical fossil taxa are deleted, snakes «attract» the amphisbaenian–dibamid clade on the basis of a suite of correlated characters. While snakes remain anchored in anguimorphs, the amphisbaenian–dibamid clade moves away from gekkotans to join them. Regardless of the varying positions of the three elongate burrowing taxa, the interrelationships between the remaining limbed squamates («lizards») are constant; thus, the heterodox affinities of scincids, cordylids, and xantusiids identified in this analysis appear to be robust. Finally, the position ofPachyrhachisas a basal snake rather than (as recently suggested) a derived snake is supported on both phylogenetic and evolutionary grounds.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
</record>

Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)

EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Santé/explor/EdenteV2/Data/Istex/Curation
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 005652 | SxmlIndent | more

Ou

HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Istex/Curation/biblio.hfd -nk 005652 | SxmlIndent | more

Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri

{{Explor lien
   |wiki=    Wicri/Santé
   |area=    EdenteV2
   |flux=    Istex
   |étape=   Curation
   |type=    RBID
   |clé=     ISTEX:AD93A0715AEB52A4F2F9BA02463F09A65AF84FAF
   |texte=   Convergent evolution and character correlation in burrowing reptiles: towards a resolution of squamate relationships
}}

Wicri

This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.32.
Data generation: Thu Nov 30 15:26:48 2017. Site generation: Tue Mar 8 16:36:20 2022