Edentulism, beaks, and biomechanical innovations in the evolution of theropod dinosaurs
Identifieur interne : 000697 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 000696; suivant : 000698Edentulism, beaks, and biomechanical innovations in the evolution of theropod dinosaurs
Auteurs : Stephan Lautenschlager [Royaume-Uni] ; Lawrence M. Witmer ; Perle Altangerel [Mongolie] ; Emily J. Rayfield [Royaume-Uni]Source :
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [ 0027-8424 ] ; 2013.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- MESH :
- anatomie et histologie : Bec, Dinosaures.
- physiologie : Bec, Comportement alimentaire, Dinosaures, Phénomènes biomécaniques, Vol animal.
- Animaux, Évolution biologique.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- anatomy & histology : Beak, Dinosaurs.
- physiology : Beak, Biomechanical Phenomena, Dinosaurs, Feeding Behavior, Flight, Animal.
- Animals, Biological Evolution.
Abstract
Edentulism and beaks (rhamphothecae) are distinguishing features among extant birds and are traditionally regarded as a response to weight-saving demands for the evolution of flight. However, keratin-covered beaks paralleled by edentulism appeared in non-avian theropod dinosaurs and as early as the Early Cretaceous. Here, high-resolution, digital biomechanical models of the skull of the Cretaceous therizinosaur
Url:
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1310711110
PubMed: 24297877
PubMed Central: 3870693
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PMC:3870693Le document en format XML
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Witmer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff2">Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine,<institution>Ohio University</institution>, Athens,<addr-line>OH</addr-line> 45701</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Altangerel, Perle" sort="Altangerel, Perle" uniqKey="Altangerel P" first="Perle" last="Altangerel">Perle Altangerel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Mongolian Museum of Natural History,<institution>National University of Mongolia</institution>, Ulaanbaatar 21,<country>Mongolia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Mongolie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rayfield, Emily J" sort="Rayfield, Emily J" uniqKey="Rayfield E" first="Emily J." last="Rayfield">Emily J. 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Witmer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff2">Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine,<institution>Ohio University</institution>, Athens,<addr-line>OH</addr-line> 45701</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Altangerel, Perle" sort="Altangerel, Perle" uniqKey="Altangerel P" first="Perle" last="Altangerel">Perle Altangerel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Mongolian Museum of Natural History,<institution>National University of Mongolia</institution>, Ulaanbaatar 21,<country>Mongolia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Mongolie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rayfield, Emily J" sort="Rayfield, Emily J" uniqKey="Rayfield E" first="Emily J." last="Rayfield">Emily J. Rayfield</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Earth Sciences,<institution>University of Bristol</institution>, Bristol BS8 1RJ,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</title><idno type="ISSN">0027-8424</idno><idno type="eISSN">1091-6490</idno><imprint><date when="2013">2013</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Beak (anatomy & histology)</term><term>Beak (physiology)</term><term>Biological Evolution</term><term>Biomechanical Phenomena (physiology)</term><term>Dinosaurs (anatomy & histology)</term><term>Dinosaurs (physiology)</term><term>Feeding Behavior (physiology)</term><term>Flight, Animal (physiology)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term><term>Bec (anatomie et histologie)</term><term>Bec (physiologie)</term><term>Comportement alimentaire (physiologie)</term><term>Dinosaures (anatomie et histologie)</term><term>Dinosaures (physiologie)</term><term>Phénomènes biomécaniques (physiologie)</term><term>Vol animal (physiologie)</term><term>Évolution biologique</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="anatomie et histologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Bec</term><term>Dinosaures</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="anatomy & histology" xml:lang="en"><term>Beak</term><term>Dinosaurs</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Bec</term><term>Comportement alimentaire</term><term>Dinosaures</term><term>Phénomènes biomécaniques</term><term>Vol animal</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Beak</term><term>Biomechanical Phenomena</term><term>Dinosaurs</term><term>Feeding Behavior</term><term>Flight, Animal</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Biological Evolution</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term><term>Évolution biologique</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><title>Significance</title><p>Edentulism and beaks (rhamphothecae) are distinguishing features among extant birds and are traditionally regarded as a response to weight-saving demands for the evolution of flight. However, keratin-covered beaks paralleled by edentulism appeared in non-avian theropod dinosaurs and as early as the Early Cretaceous. Here, high-resolution, digital biomechanical models of the skull of the Cretaceous therizinosaur <italic>Erlikosaurus andrewsi</italic> are used to investigate the functional significance of these morphological specialisations and adaptations occurring in non-avian, maniraptoriform dinosaurs. Results of finite-element analyses provide evidence that keratinous beaks play an important role in enhancing cranial stability by mitigation stress and strain during feeding and represent an evolutionary innovation developed early in derived theropod dinosaurs.</p></div></front></TEI><double pmid="24297877"><pmc><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Edentulism, beaks, and biomechanical innovations in the evolution of theropod dinosaurs</title><author><name sortKey="Lautenschlager, Stephan" sort="Lautenschlager, Stephan" uniqKey="Lautenschlager S" first="Stephan" last="Lautenschlager">Stephan Lautenschlager</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Earth Sciences,<institution>University of Bristol</institution>, Bristol BS8 1RJ,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Witmer, Lawrence M" sort="Witmer, Lawrence M" uniqKey="Witmer L" first="Lawrence M." last="Witmer">Lawrence M. Witmer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff2">Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine,<institution>Ohio University</institution>, Athens,<addr-line>OH</addr-line> 45701</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Altangerel, Perle" sort="Altangerel, Perle" uniqKey="Altangerel P" first="Perle" last="Altangerel">Perle Altangerel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Mongolian Museum of Natural History,<institution>National University of Mongolia</institution>, Ulaanbaatar 21,<country>Mongolia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Mongolie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rayfield, Emily J" sort="Rayfield, Emily J" uniqKey="Rayfield E" first="Emily J." last="Rayfield">Emily J. Rayfield</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Earth Sciences,<institution>University of Bristol</institution>, Bristol BS8 1RJ,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">24297877</idno><idno type="pmc">3870693</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3870693</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3870693</idno><idno type="doi">10.1073/pnas.1310711110</idno><date when="2013">2013</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000369</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000369</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000369</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000369</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000671</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000671</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Edentulism, beaks, and biomechanical innovations in the evolution of theropod dinosaurs</title><author><name sortKey="Lautenschlager, Stephan" sort="Lautenschlager, Stephan" uniqKey="Lautenschlager S" first="Stephan" last="Lautenschlager">Stephan Lautenschlager</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Earth Sciences,<institution>University of Bristol</institution>, Bristol BS8 1RJ,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Witmer, Lawrence M" sort="Witmer, Lawrence M" uniqKey="Witmer L" first="Lawrence M." last="Witmer">Lawrence M. Witmer</name><affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff2">Department of Biomedical Sciences, Heritage College of Osteopathic Medicine,<institution>Ohio University</institution>, Athens,<addr-line>OH</addr-line> 45701</nlm:aff></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Altangerel, Perle" sort="Altangerel, Perle" uniqKey="Altangerel P" first="Perle" last="Altangerel">Perle Altangerel</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Mongolian Museum of Natural History,<institution>National University of Mongolia</institution>, Ulaanbaatar 21,<country>Mongolia</country></nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Mongolie</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rayfield, Emily J" sort="Rayfield, Emily J" uniqKey="Rayfield E" first="Emily J." last="Rayfield">Emily J. Rayfield</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">School of Earth Sciences,<institution>University of Bristol</institution>, Bristol BS8 1RJ,<country>United Kingdom</country>;</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</title><idno type="ISSN">0027-8424</idno><idno type="eISSN">1091-6490</idno><imprint><date when="2013">2013</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><title>Significance</title><p>Edentulism and beaks (rhamphothecae) are distinguishing features among extant birds and are traditionally regarded as a response to weight-saving demands for the evolution of flight. However, keratin-covered beaks paralleled by edentulism appeared in non-avian theropod dinosaurs and as early as the Early Cretaceous. Here, high-resolution, digital biomechanical models of the skull of the Cretaceous therizinosaur <italic>Erlikosaurus andrewsi</italic> are used to investigate the functional significance of these morphological specialisations and adaptations occurring in non-avian, maniraptoriform dinosaurs. Results of finite-element analyses provide evidence that keratinous beaks play an important role in enhancing cranial stability by mitigation stress and strain during feeding and represent an evolutionary innovation developed early in derived theropod dinosaurs.</p></div></front></TEI></pmc><pubmed><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Edentulism, beaks, and biomechanical innovations in the evolution of theropod dinosaurs.</title><author><name sortKey="Lautenschlager, Stephan" sort="Lautenschlager, Stephan" uniqKey="Lautenschlager S" first="Stephan" last="Lautenschlager">Stephan Lautenschlager</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bristol BS8 1RJ</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Witmer, Lawrence M" sort="Witmer, Lawrence M" uniqKey="Witmer L" first="Lawrence M" last="Witmer">Lawrence M. Witmer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Altangerel, Perle" sort="Altangerel, Perle" uniqKey="Altangerel P" first="Perle" last="Altangerel">Perle Altangerel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rayfield, Emily J" sort="Rayfield, Emily J" uniqKey="Rayfield E" first="Emily J" last="Rayfield">Emily J. Rayfield</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2013">2013</date><idno type="RBID">pubmed:24297877</idno><idno type="pmid">24297877</idno><idno type="doi">10.1073/pnas.1310711110</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000235</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000235</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">000235</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">000235</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">000235</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">000235</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Edentulism, beaks, and biomechanical innovations in the evolution of theropod dinosaurs.</title><author><name sortKey="Lautenschlager, Stephan" sort="Lautenschlager, Stephan" uniqKey="Lautenschlager S" first="Stephan" last="Lautenschlager">Stephan Lautenschlager</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, United Kingdom.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country><wicri:regionArea>School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bristol BS8 1RJ</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Witmer, Lawrence M" sort="Witmer, Lawrence M" uniqKey="Witmer L" first="Lawrence M" last="Witmer">Lawrence M. Witmer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Altangerel, Perle" sort="Altangerel, Perle" uniqKey="Altangerel P" first="Perle" last="Altangerel">Perle Altangerel</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rayfield, Emily J" sort="Rayfield, Emily J" uniqKey="Rayfield E" first="Emily J" last="Rayfield">Emily J. Rayfield</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</title><idno type="eISSN">1091-6490</idno><imprint><date when="2013" type="published">2013</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Beak (anatomy & histology)</term><term>Beak (physiology)</term><term>Biological Evolution</term><term>Biomechanical Phenomena (physiology)</term><term>Dinosaurs (anatomy & histology)</term><term>Dinosaurs (physiology)</term><term>Feeding Behavior (physiology)</term><term>Flight, Animal (physiology)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term><term>Bec (anatomie et histologie)</term><term>Bec (physiologie)</term><term>Comportement alimentaire (physiologie)</term><term>Dinosaures (anatomie et histologie)</term><term>Dinosaures (physiologie)</term><term>Phénomènes biomécaniques (physiologie)</term><term>Vol animal (physiologie)</term><term>Évolution biologique</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="anatomie et histologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Bec</term><term>Dinosaures</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="anatomy & histology" xml:lang="en"><term>Beak</term><term>Dinosaurs</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Bec</term><term>Comportement alimentaire</term><term>Dinosaures</term><term>Phénomènes biomécaniques</term><term>Vol animal</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Beak</term><term>Biomechanical Phenomena</term><term>Dinosaurs</term><term>Feeding Behavior</term><term>Flight, Animal</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Biological Evolution</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term><term>Évolution biologique</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Maniraptoriformes, the speciose group of derived theropod dinosaurs that ultimately gave rise to modern birds, display a diverse and remarkable suite of skeletal adaptations. Apart from the evolution of flight, a large-scale change in dietary behavior appears to have been one of the main triggers for specializations in the bauplan of these derived theropods. Among the different skeletal specializations, partial or even complete edentulism and the development of keratinous beaks form a recurring and persistent trend in from the evolution of derived nonavian dinosaurs. Therizinosauria is an enigmatic maniraptoriform clade, whose members display these and other osteological characters thought to be correlated with the shift from carnivory to herbivory. This makes therizinosaurians prime candidates to assess the functional significance of these morphological characters. Based on a highly detailed biomechanical model of Erlikosaurus andrewsi, a therizinosaurid from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia, different morphological configurations incorporating soft-tissue structures, such as a keratinous rhamphotheca, are evaluated for their biomechanical performance. Our results indicate that the development of beaks and the presence of a keratinous rhamphotheca would have helped to dissipate stress and strain, making the rostral part of the skull less susceptible to bending and displacement, and this benefit may extend to other vertebrate clades that possess rhamphothecae. Keratinous beaks, paralleled by edentulism, thus represent an evolutionary innovation developed early in derived theropods to enhance cranial stability, distinct to postulated mass-saving benefits associated with the origin of flight.</div></front></TEI></pubmed></double></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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