Edentulism, beaks, and biomechanical innovations in the evolution of theropod dinosaurs.
Identifieur interne : 000235 ( PubMed/Corpus ); précédent : 000234; suivant : 000236Edentulism, beaks, and biomechanical innovations in the evolution of theropod dinosaurs.
Auteurs : Stephan Lautenschlager ; Lawrence M. Witmer ; Perle Altangerel ; Emily J. RayfieldSource :
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [ 1091-6490 ] ; 2013.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- anatomy & histology : Beak, Dinosaurs.
- physiology : Beak, Biomechanical Phenomena, Dinosaurs, Feeding Behavior, Flight, Animal.
- Animals, Biological Evolution.
Abstract
Maniraptoriformes, the speciose group of derived theropod dinosaurs that ultimately gave rise to modern birds, display a diverse and remarkable suite of skeletal adaptations. Apart from the evolution of flight, a large-scale change in dietary behavior appears to have been one of the main triggers for specializations in the bauplan of these derived theropods. Among the different skeletal specializations, partial or even complete edentulism and the development of keratinous beaks form a recurring and persistent trend in from the evolution of derived nonavian dinosaurs. Therizinosauria is an enigmatic maniraptoriform clade, whose members display these and other osteological characters thought to be correlated with the shift from carnivory to herbivory. This makes therizinosaurians prime candidates to assess the functional significance of these morphological characters. Based on a highly detailed biomechanical model of Erlikosaurus andrewsi, a therizinosaurid from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia, different morphological configurations incorporating soft-tissue structures, such as a keratinous rhamphotheca, are evaluated for their biomechanical performance. Our results indicate that the development of beaks and the presence of a keratinous rhamphotheca would have helped to dissipate stress and strain, making the rostral part of the skull less susceptible to bending and displacement, and this benefit may extend to other vertebrate clades that possess rhamphothecae. Keratinous beaks, paralleled by edentulism, thus represent an evolutionary innovation developed early in derived theropods to enhance cranial stability, distinct to postulated mass-saving benefits associated with the origin of flight.
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1310711110
PubMed: 24297877
Links to Exploration step
pubmed:24297877Le document en format XML
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Rayfield</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</title><idno type="eISSN">1091-6490</idno><imprint><date when="2013" type="published">2013</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Beak (anatomy & histology)</term><term>Beak (physiology)</term><term>Biological Evolution</term><term>Biomechanical Phenomena (physiology)</term><term>Dinosaurs (anatomy & histology)</term><term>Dinosaurs (physiology)</term><term>Feeding Behavior (physiology)</term><term>Flight, Animal (physiology)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="anatomy & histology" xml:lang="en"><term>Beak</term><term>Dinosaurs</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Beak</term><term>Biomechanical Phenomena</term><term>Dinosaurs</term><term>Feeding Behavior</term><term>Flight, Animal</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Biological Evolution</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Maniraptoriformes, the speciose group of derived theropod dinosaurs that ultimately gave rise to modern birds, display a diverse and remarkable suite of skeletal adaptations. Apart from the evolution of flight, a large-scale change in dietary behavior appears to have been one of the main triggers for specializations in the bauplan of these derived theropods. Among the different skeletal specializations, partial or even complete edentulism and the development of keratinous beaks form a recurring and persistent trend in from the evolution of derived nonavian dinosaurs. Therizinosauria is an enigmatic maniraptoriform clade, whose members display these and other osteological characters thought to be correlated with the shift from carnivory to herbivory. This makes therizinosaurians prime candidates to assess the functional significance of these morphological characters. Based on a highly detailed biomechanical model of Erlikosaurus andrewsi, a therizinosaurid from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia, different morphological configurations incorporating soft-tissue structures, such as a keratinous rhamphotheca, are evaluated for their biomechanical performance. Our results indicate that the development of beaks and the presence of a keratinous rhamphotheca would have helped to dissipate stress and strain, making the rostral part of the skull less susceptible to bending and displacement, and this benefit may extend to other vertebrate clades that possess rhamphothecae. Keratinous beaks, paralleled by edentulism, thus represent an evolutionary innovation developed early in derived theropods to enhance cranial stability, distinct to postulated mass-saving benefits associated with the origin of flight.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">24297877</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2014</Year><Month>02</Month><Day>24</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2015</Year><Month>04</Month><Day>22</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print-Electronic"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1091-6490</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>110</Volume><Issue>51</Issue><PubDate><Year>2013</Year><Month>Dec</Month><Day>17</Day></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Edentulism, beaks, and biomechanical innovations in the evolution of theropod dinosaurs.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>20657-62</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1073/pnas.1310711110</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Maniraptoriformes, the speciose group of derived theropod dinosaurs that ultimately gave rise to modern birds, display a diverse and remarkable suite of skeletal adaptations. Apart from the evolution of flight, a large-scale change in dietary behavior appears to have been one of the main triggers for specializations in the bauplan of these derived theropods. Among the different skeletal specializations, partial or even complete edentulism and the development of keratinous beaks form a recurring and persistent trend in from the evolution of derived nonavian dinosaurs. Therizinosauria is an enigmatic maniraptoriform clade, whose members display these and other osteological characters thought to be correlated with the shift from carnivory to herbivory. This makes therizinosaurians prime candidates to assess the functional significance of these morphological characters. Based on a highly detailed biomechanical model of Erlikosaurus andrewsi, a therizinosaurid from the Upper Cretaceous of Mongolia, different morphological configurations incorporating soft-tissue structures, such as a keratinous rhamphotheca, are evaluated for their biomechanical performance. Our results indicate that the development of beaks and the presence of a keratinous rhamphotheca would have helped to dissipate stress and strain, making the rostral part of the skull less susceptible to bending and displacement, and this benefit may extend to other vertebrate clades that possess rhamphothecae. Keratinous beaks, paralleled by edentulism, thus represent an evolutionary innovation developed early in derived theropods to enhance cranial stability, distinct to postulated mass-saving benefits associated with the origin of flight.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Lautenschlager</LastName><ForeName>Stephan</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>School of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1RJ, United Kingdom.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Witmer</LastName><ForeName>Lawrence M</ForeName><Initials>LM</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Altangerel</LastName><ForeName>Perle</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rayfield</LastName><ForeName>Emily J</ForeName><Initials>EJ</Initials></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal 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