Evolution of first‐year and second‐year snow properties on sea ice in the Weddell Sea during spring‐summer transition
Identifieur interne : 000E88 ( Main/Curation ); précédent : 000E87; suivant : 000E89Evolution of first‐year and second‐year snow properties on sea ice in the Weddell Sea during spring‐summer transition
Auteurs : Marcel Nicolaus [Allemagne, Norvège] ; Christian Haas [Allemagne, Canada] ; Sascha Willmes [Allemagne]Source :
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres [ 0148-0227 ] ; 2009-09-16.
Descripteurs français
- Pascal (Inist)
- Ablation, Amincissement, Antarctique, Bilan masse, Brise glace, Compaction, Couleur, Couverture neige, Epaisseur, Etude expérimentale, Eté, Evaporation, Flux chaleur, Glace marine, Inondation, Interface, Matière fondue, Mer de Weddell, Métamorphisme, Neige, Point fusion, Printemps, Source, Stratigraphie, Température, Traceur, Transfert chaleur.
- Wicri :
- topic : Inondation.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Antarctica, Ice breaker, Melting point, Snow cover, Spring(season), Summer, Thinning, Weddell Sea, ablation, color, compaction, evaporation, experimental studies, heat flux, heat transfer, interfaces, inundations, mass balance, melts, metamorphism, sea ice, snow, springs, stratigraphy, temperature, thickness, tracers.
Abstract
Observations of snow properties, superimposed ice, and atmospheric heat fluxes have been performed on first‐year and second‐year sea ice in the western Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Snow in this region is particular as it does usually survive summer ablation. Measurements were performed during Ice Station Polarstern (ISPOL), a 5‐week drift station of the German icebreaker RV Polarstern. Net heat flux to the snowpack was 8 W m−2, causing only 0.1 to 0.2 m of thinning of both snow cover types, thinner first‐year and thicker second‐year snow. Snow thinning was dominated by compaction and evaporation, whereas melt was of minor importance and occurred only internally at or close to the surface. Characteristic differences between snow on first‐year and second‐year ice were found in snow thickness, temperature, and stratigraphy. Snow on second‐year ice was thicker, colder, denser, and more layered than on first‐year ice. Metamorphism and ablation, and thus mass balance, were similar between both regimes, because they depend more on surface heat fluxes and less on underground properties. Ice freeboard was mostly negative, but flooding occurred mainly on first‐year ice. Snow and ice interface temperature did not reach the melting point during the observation period. Nevertheless, formation of discontinuous superimposed ice was observed. Color tracer experiments suggest considerable meltwater percolation within the snow, despite below‐melting temperatures of lower layers. Strong meridional gradients of snow and sea‐ice properties were found in this region. They suggest similar gradients in atmospheric and oceanographic conditions and implicate their importance for melt processes and the location of the summer ice edge.
Url:
DOI: 10.1029/2008JD011227
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream Istex, to step Corpus: Pour aller vers cette notice dans l'étape Curation :001B14
- to stream Istex, to step Curation: Pour aller vers cette notice dans l'étape Curation :001997
- to stream Istex, to step Checkpoint: Pour aller vers cette notice dans l'étape Curation :000435
- to stream Main, to step Merge: Pour aller vers cette notice dans l'étape Curation :000F62
- to stream PascalFrancis, to step Corpus: Pour aller vers cette notice dans l'étape Curation :000650
- to stream PascalFrancis, to step Curation: Pour aller vers cette notice dans l'étape Curation :000761
- to stream PascalFrancis, to step Checkpoint: Pour aller vers cette notice dans l'étape Curation :000527
- to stream Main, to step Merge: Pour aller vers cette notice dans l'étape Curation :001083
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:0F870C156AFCB9B84EC4D9B8D088B0B1DBC5B71BLe document en format XML
<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Evolution of first‐year and second‐year snow properties on sea ice in the Weddell Sea during spring‐summer transition</title><author><name sortKey="Nicolaus, Marcel" sort="Nicolaus, Marcel" uniqKey="Nicolaus M" first="Marcel" last="Nicolaus">Marcel Nicolaus</name></author><author><name sortKey="Haas, Christian" sort="Haas, Christian" uniqKey="Haas C" first="Christian" last="Haas">Christian Haas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Willmes, Sascha" sort="Willmes, Sascha" uniqKey="Willmes S" first="Sascha" last="Willmes">Sascha Willmes</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:0F870C156AFCB9B84EC4D9B8D088B0B1DBC5B71B</idno><date when="2009" year="2009">2009</date><idno type="doi">10.1029/2008JD011227</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/0F870C156AFCB9B84EC4D9B8D088B0B1DBC5B71B/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">001B14</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">001B14</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Curation">001997</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Checkpoint">000435</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000435</idno><idno type="wicri:doubleKey">0148-0227:2009:Nicolaus M:evolution:of:first</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">000F62</idno><idno type="wicri:source">INIST</idno><idno type="RBID">Pascal:09-0427069</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Corpus">000650</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Curation">000761</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Checkpoint">000527</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PascalFrancis" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000527</idno><idno type="wicri:doubleKey">0148-0227:2009:Nicolaus M:evolution:of:first</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">001083</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">000E88</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Evolution of first‐year and second‐year snow properties on sea ice in the Weddell Sea during spring‐summer transition</title><author><name sortKey="Nicolaus, Marcel" sort="Nicolaus, Marcel" uniqKey="Nicolaus M" first="Marcel" last="Nicolaus">Marcel Nicolaus</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bremerhaven</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Bremerhaven</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Norwegian Polar Institute, Tromsø</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tromsø</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country wicri:rule="url">Norvège</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haas, Christian" sort="Haas, Christian" uniqKey="Haas C" first="Christian" last="Haas">Christian Haas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bremerhaven</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Bremerhaven</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Alberta</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Willmes, Sascha" sort="Willmes, Sascha" uniqKey="Willmes S" first="Sascha" last="Willmes">Sascha Willmes</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Environmental Meteorology, University of Trier, Trier</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Trèves</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Trèves (Allemagne)</settlement><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-Palatinat</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">J. Geophys. Res.</title><idno type="ISSN">0148-0227</idno><idno type="eISSN">2156-2202</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><date type="published" when="2009-09-16">2009-09-16</date><biblScope unit="volume">114</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">D17</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="/">n/a</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="/">n/a</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0148-0227</idno></series><idno type="istex">0F870C156AFCB9B84EC4D9B8D088B0B1DBC5B71B</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1029/2008JD011227</idno><idno type="ArticleID">2008JD011227</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0148-0227</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Antarctica</term><term>Ice breaker</term><term>Melting point</term><term>Snow cover</term><term>Spring(season)</term><term>Summer</term><term>Thinning</term><term>Weddell Sea</term><term>ablation</term><term>color</term><term>compaction</term><term>evaporation</term><term>experimental studies</term><term>heat flux</term><term>heat transfer</term><term>interfaces</term><term>inundations</term><term>mass balance</term><term>melts</term><term>metamorphism</term><term>sea ice</term><term>snow</term><term>springs</term><term>stratigraphy</term><term>temperature</term><term>thickness</term><term>tracers</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Ablation</term><term>Amincissement</term><term>Antarctique</term><term>Bilan masse</term><term>Brise glace</term><term>Compaction</term><term>Couleur</term><term>Couverture neige</term><term>Epaisseur</term><term>Etude expérimentale</term><term>Eté</term><term>Evaporation</term><term>Flux chaleur</term><term>Glace marine</term><term>Inondation</term><term>Interface</term><term>Matière fondue</term><term>Mer de Weddell</term><term>Métamorphisme</term><term>Neige</term><term>Point fusion</term><term>Printemps</term><term>Source</term><term>Stratigraphie</term><term>Température</term><term>Traceur</term><term>Transfert chaleur</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Inondation</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">Observations of snow properties, superimposed ice, and atmospheric heat fluxes have been performed on first‐year and second‐year sea ice in the western Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Snow in this region is particular as it does usually survive summer ablation. Measurements were performed during Ice Station Polarstern (ISPOL), a 5‐week drift station of the German icebreaker RV Polarstern. Net heat flux to the snowpack was 8 W m−2, causing only 0.1 to 0.2 m of thinning of both snow cover types, thinner first‐year and thicker second‐year snow. Snow thinning was dominated by compaction and evaporation, whereas melt was of minor importance and occurred only internally at or close to the surface. Characteristic differences between snow on first‐year and second‐year ice were found in snow thickness, temperature, and stratigraphy. Snow on second‐year ice was thicker, colder, denser, and more layered than on first‐year ice. Metamorphism and ablation, and thus mass balance, were similar between both regimes, because they depend more on surface heat fluxes and less on underground properties. Ice freeboard was mostly negative, but flooding occurred mainly on first‐year ice. Snow and ice interface temperature did not reach the melting point during the observation period. Nevertheless, formation of discontinuous superimposed ice was observed. Color tracer experiments suggest considerable meltwater percolation within the snow, despite below‐melting temperatures of lower layers. Strong meridional gradients of snow and sea‐ice properties were found in this region. They suggest similar gradients in atmospheric and oceanographic conditions and implicate their importance for melt processes and the location of the summer ice edge.</div></front></TEI><double idat="0148-0227:2009:Nicolaus M:evolution:of:first"><INIST><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Evolution of first-year and second-year snow properties on sea ice in the Weddell Sea during spring-summer transition</title><author><name sortKey="Nicolaus, Marcel" sort="Nicolaus, Marcel" uniqKey="Nicolaus M" first="Marcel" last="Nicolaus">Marcel Nicolaus</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research</s1><s2>Bremerhaven</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Allemagne</country><wicri:noRegion>Bremerhaven</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Norwegian Polar Institute</s1><s2>Tromsø</s2><s3>NOR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Norvège</country><wicri:noRegion>Norwegian Polar Institute</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haas, Christian" sort="Haas, Christian" uniqKey="Haas C" first="Christian" last="Haas">Christian Haas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research</s1><s2>Bremerhaven</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Allemagne</country><wicri:noRegion>Bremerhaven</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta</s1><s2>Edmonton, Alberta</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country><wicri:noRegion>Edmonton, Alberta</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Willmes, Sascha" sort="Willmes, Sascha" uniqKey="Willmes S" first="Sascha" last="Willmes">Sascha Willmes</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Environmental Meteorology, University of Trier</s1><s2>Trier</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Allemagne</country><wicri:noRegion>Trier</wicri:noRegion><placeName><settlement type="city">Trèves (Allemagne)</settlement><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-Palatinat</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Trèves</orgName></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">INIST</idno><idno type="inist">09-0427069</idno><date when="2009">2009</date><idno type="stanalyst">PASCAL 09-0427069 INIST</idno><idno type="RBID">Pascal:09-0427069</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Corpus">000650</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Curation">000761</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Checkpoint">000527</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PascalFrancis" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000527</idno><idno type="wicri:doubleKey">0148-0227:2009:Nicolaus M:evolution:of:first</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">001083</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Evolution of first-year and second-year snow properties on sea ice in the Weddell Sea during spring-summer transition</title><author><name sortKey="Nicolaus, Marcel" sort="Nicolaus, Marcel" uniqKey="Nicolaus M" first="Marcel" last="Nicolaus">Marcel Nicolaus</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research</s1><s2>Bremerhaven</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Allemagne</country><wicri:noRegion>Bremerhaven</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Norwegian Polar Institute</s1><s2>Tromsø</s2><s3>NOR</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Norvège</country><wicri:noRegion>Norwegian Polar Institute</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haas, Christian" sort="Haas, Christian" uniqKey="Haas C" first="Christian" last="Haas">Christian Haas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research</s1><s2>Bremerhaven</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>2 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Allemagne</country><wicri:noRegion>Bremerhaven</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta</s1><s2>Edmonton, Alberta</s2><s3>CAN</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Canada</country><wicri:noRegion>Edmonton, Alberta</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Willmes, Sascha" sort="Willmes, Sascha" uniqKey="Willmes S" first="Sascha" last="Willmes">Sascha Willmes</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Environmental Meteorology, University of Trier</s1><s2>Trier</s2><s3>DEU</s3><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Allemagne</country><wicri:noRegion>Trier</wicri:noRegion><placeName><settlement type="city">Trèves (Allemagne)</settlement><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-Palatinat</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Trèves</orgName></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j" type="main">Journal of geophysical research</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">J. geophys. res.</title><idno type="ISSN">0148-0227</idno><imprint><date when="2009">2009</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Journal of geophysical research</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">J. geophys. res.</title><idno type="ISSN">0148-0227</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Antarctica</term><term>Ice breaker</term><term>Melting point</term><term>Snow cover</term><term>Spring(season)</term><term>Summer</term><term>Thinning</term><term>Weddell Sea</term><term>ablation</term><term>color</term><term>compaction</term><term>evaporation</term><term>experimental studies</term><term>heat flux</term><term>heat transfer</term><term>interfaces</term><term>inundations</term><term>mass balance</term><term>melts</term><term>metamorphism</term><term>sea ice</term><term>snow</term><term>springs</term><term>stratigraphy</term><term>temperature</term><term>thickness</term><term>tracers</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Neige</term><term>Glace marine</term><term>Source</term><term>Printemps</term><term>Eté</term><term>Flux chaleur</term><term>Transfert chaleur</term><term>Ablation</term><term>Brise glace</term><term>Couverture neige</term><term>Amincissement</term><term>Compaction</term><term>Evaporation</term><term>Matière fondue</term><term>Epaisseur</term><term>Température</term><term>Stratigraphie</term><term>Métamorphisme</term><term>Bilan masse</term><term>Inondation</term><term>Interface</term><term>Point fusion</term><term>Couleur</term><term>Traceur</term><term>Etude expérimentale</term><term>Mer de Weddell</term><term>Antarctique</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Inondation</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">[1] Observations of snow properties, superimposed ice, and atmospheric heat fluxes have been performed on first-year and second-year sea ice in the western Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Snow in this region is particular as it does usually survive summer ablation. Measurements were performed during Ice Station Polarstern (ISPOL), a 5-week drift station of the German icebreaker RV Polarstern. Net heat flux to the snowpack was 8 W m<sup>-2</sup>, causing only 0.1 to 0.2 m of thinning of both snow cover types, thinner first-year and thicker second-year snow. Snow thinning was dominated by compaction and evaporation, whereas melt was of minor importance and occurred only internally at or close to the surface. Characteristic differences between snow on first-year and second-year ice were found in snow thickness, temperature, and stratigraphy. Snow on second-year ice was thicker, colder, denser, and more layered than on first-year ice. Metamorphism and ablation, and thus mass balance, were similar between both regimes, because they depend more on surface heat fluxes and less on underground properties. Ice freeboard was mostly negative, but flooding occurred mainly on first-year ice. Snow and ice interface temperature did not reach the melting point during the observation period. Nevertheless, formation of discontinuous superimposed ice was observed. Color tracer experiments suggest considerable meltwater percolation within the snow, despite below-melting temperatures of lower layers. Strong meridional gradients of snow and sea-ice properties were found in this region. They suggest similar gradients in atmospheric and oceanographic conditions and implicate their importance for melt processes and the location of the summer ice edge.</div></front></TEI></INIST><ISTEX><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Evolution of first‐year and second‐year snow properties on sea ice in the Weddell Sea during spring‐summer transition</title><author><name sortKey="Nicolaus, Marcel" sort="Nicolaus, Marcel" uniqKey="Nicolaus M" first="Marcel" last="Nicolaus">Marcel Nicolaus</name></author><author><name sortKey="Haas, Christian" sort="Haas, Christian" uniqKey="Haas C" first="Christian" last="Haas">Christian Haas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Willmes, Sascha" sort="Willmes, Sascha" uniqKey="Willmes S" first="Sascha" last="Willmes">Sascha Willmes</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:0F870C156AFCB9B84EC4D9B8D088B0B1DBC5B71B</idno><date when="2009" year="2009">2009</date><idno type="doi">10.1029/2008JD011227</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/0F870C156AFCB9B84EC4D9B8D088B0B1DBC5B71B/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">001B14</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">001B14</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Curation">001997</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Checkpoint">000435</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000435</idno><idno type="wicri:doubleKey">0148-0227:2009:Nicolaus M:evolution:of:first</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">000F62</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Evolution of first‐year and second‐year snow properties on sea ice in the Weddell Sea during spring‐summer transition</title><author><name sortKey="Nicolaus, Marcel" sort="Nicolaus, Marcel" uniqKey="Nicolaus M" first="Marcel" last="Nicolaus">Marcel Nicolaus</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bremerhaven</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Bremerhaven</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Norvège</country><wicri:regionArea>Norwegian Polar Institute, Tromsø</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Tromsø</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country wicri:rule="url">Norvège</country></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Haas, Christian" sort="Haas, Christian" uniqKey="Haas C" first="Christian" last="Haas">Christian Haas</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bremerhaven</wicri:noRegion><wicri:noRegion>Bremerhaven</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country><wicri:regionArea>Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Alberta</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Willmes, Sascha" sort="Willmes, Sascha" uniqKey="Willmes S" first="Sascha" last="Willmes">Sascha Willmes</name><affiliation wicri:level="4"><country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Environmental Meteorology, University of Trier, Trier</wicri:regionArea><orgName type="university">Université de Trèves</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Trèves (Allemagne)</settlement><region type="land" nuts="1">Rhénanie-Palatinat</region></placeName></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">J. Geophys. Res.</title><idno type="ISSN">0148-0227</idno><idno type="eISSN">2156-2202</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><date type="published" when="2009-09-16">2009-09-16</date><biblScope unit="volume">114</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">D17</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="/">n/a</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="/">n/a</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0148-0227</idno></series><idno type="istex">0F870C156AFCB9B84EC4D9B8D088B0B1DBC5B71B</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1029/2008JD011227</idno><idno type="ArticleID">2008JD011227</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0148-0227</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">Observations of snow properties, superimposed ice, and atmospheric heat fluxes have been performed on first‐year and second‐year sea ice in the western Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Snow in this region is particular as it does usually survive summer ablation. Measurements were performed during Ice Station Polarstern (ISPOL), a 5‐week drift station of the German icebreaker RV Polarstern. Net heat flux to the snowpack was 8 W m−2, causing only 0.1 to 0.2 m of thinning of both snow cover types, thinner first‐year and thicker second‐year snow. Snow thinning was dominated by compaction and evaporation, whereas melt was of minor importance and occurred only internally at or close to the surface. Characteristic differences between snow on first‐year and second‐year ice were found in snow thickness, temperature, and stratigraphy. Snow on second‐year ice was thicker, colder, denser, and more layered than on first‐year ice. Metamorphism and ablation, and thus mass balance, were similar between both regimes, because they depend more on surface heat fluxes and less on underground properties. Ice freeboard was mostly negative, but flooding occurred mainly on first‐year ice. Snow and ice interface temperature did not reach the melting point during the observation period. Nevertheless, formation of discontinuous superimposed ice was observed. Color tracer experiments suggest considerable meltwater percolation within the snow, despite below‐melting temperatures of lower layers. Strong meridional gradients of snow and sea‐ice properties were found in this region. They suggest similar gradients in atmospheric and oceanographic conditions and implicate their importance for melt processes and the location of the summer ice edge.</div></front></TEI></ISTEX></double></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Rhénanie/explor/UnivTrevesV1/Data/Main/Curation
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000E88 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Curation/biblio.hfd -nk 000E88 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Rhénanie
|area= UnivTrevesV1
|flux= Main
|étape= Curation
|type= RBID
|clé= ISTEX:0F870C156AFCB9B84EC4D9B8D088B0B1DBC5B71B
|texte= Evolution of first‐year and second‐year snow properties on sea ice in the Weddell Sea during spring‐summer transition
}}
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.31. |  |