UnivTrevesV1, PascalFrancis, Curation, bibRecord, 000761

Evolution of first-year and second-year snow properties on sea ice in the Weddell Sea during spring-summer transition

Identifieur interne : 000761 ( PascalFrancis/Curation ); précédent : 000760; suivant : 000762

Evolution of first-year and second-year snow properties on sea ice in the Weddell Sea during spring-summer transition

Auteurs : Marcel Nicolaus [Allemagne, Norvège] ; Christian Haas [Allemagne, Canada] ; Sascha Willmes [Allemagne]

Source :

Journal of geophysical research [ 0148-0227 ] ; 2009.

RBID : Pascal:09-0427069

Descripteurs français

Pascal (Inist)
- Neige, Glace marine, Source, Printemps, Eté, Flux chaleur, Transfert chaleur, Ablation, Brise glace, Couverture neige, Amincissement, Compaction, Evaporation, Matière fondue, Epaisseur, Température, Stratigraphie, Métamorphisme, Bilan masse, Inondation, Interface, Point fusion, Couleur, Traceur, Etude expérimentale, Mer de Weddell, Antarctique.
Wicri :
- topic : Inondation.

English descriptors

KwdEn :
- Antarctica, Ice breaker, Melting point, Snow cover, Spring(season), Summer, Thinning, Weddell Sea, ablation, color, compaction, evaporation, experimental studies, heat flux, heat transfer, interfaces, inundations, mass balance, melts, metamorphism, sea ice, snow, springs, stratigraphy, temperature, thickness, tracers.

Abstract

[1] Observations of snow properties, superimposed ice, and atmospheric heat fluxes have been performed on first-year and second-year sea ice in the western Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Snow in this region is particular as it does usually survive summer ablation. Measurements were performed during Ice Station Polarstern (ISPOL), a 5-week drift station of the German icebreaker RV Polarstern. Net heat flux to the snowpack was 8 W m^-2, causing only 0.1 to 0.2 m of thinning of both snow cover types, thinner first-year and thicker second-year snow. Snow thinning was dominated by compaction and evaporation, whereas melt was of minor importance and occurred only internally at or close to the surface. Characteristic differences between snow on first-year and second-year ice were found in snow thickness, temperature, and stratigraphy. Snow on second-year ice was thicker, colder, denser, and more layered than on first-year ice. Metamorphism and ablation, and thus mass balance, were similar between both regimes, because they depend more on surface heat fluxes and less on underground properties. Ice freeboard was mostly negative, but flooding occurred mainly on first-year ice. Snow and ice interface temperature did not reach the melting point during the observation period. Nevertheless, formation of discontinuous superimposed ice was observed. Color tracer experiments suggest considerable meltwater percolation within the snow, despite below-melting temperatures of lower layers. Strong meridional gradients of snow and sea-ice properties were found in this region. They suggest similar gradients in atmospheric and oceanographic conditions and implicate their importance for melt processes and the location of the summer ice edge.

A01	`01`	`1`		`@0 0148-0227`
A03		`1`		`@0 J. geophys. res.`
A05				`@2 114`
A06				`@2 D17`
A08	`01`	`1`	`ENG`	`@1 Evolution of first-year and second-year snow properties on sea ice in the Weddell Sea during spring-summer transition`
A11	`01`	`1`		`@1 NICOLAUS (Marcel)`
A11	`02`	`1`		`@1 HAAS (Christian)`
A11	`03`	`1`		`@1 WILLMES (Sascha)`
A14	`01`			`@1 Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research @2 Bremerhaven @3 DEU @Z 1 aut. @Z 2 aut.`
A14	`02`			`@1 Norwegian Polar Institute @2 Tromsø @3 NOR @Z 1 aut.`
A14	`03`			`@1 Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta @2 Edmonton, Alberta @3 CAN @Z 2 aut.`
A14	`04`			`@1 Environmental Meteorology, University of Trier @2 Trier @3 DEU @Z 3 aut.`
A20				`@2 D17109.1-D17109.17`
A21				`@1 2009`
A23	`01`			`@0 ENG`
A43	`01`			`@1 INIST @2 3144 @5 354000170036590090`
A44				`@0 0000 @1 © 2009 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved.`
A45				`@0 1 p.1/2`
A47	`01`	`1`		`@0 09-0427069`
A60				`@1 P`
A61				`@0 A`
A64	`01`	`1`		`@0 Journal of geophysical research`
A66	`01`			`@0 USA`
C01	`01`		`ENG`	@0 [1] Observations of snow properties, superimposed ice, and atmospheric heat fluxes have been performed on first-year and second-year sea ice in the western Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Snow in this region is particular as it does usually survive summer ablation. Measurements were performed during Ice Station Polarstern (ISPOL), a 5-week drift station of the German icebreaker RV Polarstern. Net heat flux to the snowpack was 8 W m^-2, causing only 0.1 to 0.2 m of thinning of both snow cover types, thinner first-year and thicker second-year snow. Snow thinning was dominated by compaction and evaporation, whereas melt was of minor importance and occurred only internally at or close to the surface. Characteristic differences between snow on first-year and second-year ice were found in snow thickness, temperature, and stratigraphy. Snow on second-year ice was thicker, colder, denser, and more layered than on first-year ice. Metamorphism and ablation, and thus mass balance, were similar between both regimes, because they depend more on surface heat fluxes and less on underground properties. Ice freeboard was mostly negative, but flooding occurred mainly on first-year ice. Snow and ice interface temperature did not reach the melting point during the observation period. Nevertheless, formation of discontinuous superimposed ice was observed. Color tracer experiments suggest considerable meltwater percolation within the snow, despite below-melting temperatures of lower layers. Strong meridional gradients of snow and sea-ice properties were found in this region. They suggest similar gradients in atmospheric and oceanographic conditions and implicate their importance for melt processes and the location of the summer ice edge.
C02	`01`	`3`		`@0 001E`
C02	`02`	`2`		`@0 001E01`
C02	`03`	`2`		`@0 220`
C03	`01`	`2`	`FRE`	`@0 Neige @5 01`
C03	`01`	`2`	`ENG`	`@0 snow @5 01`
C03	`01`	`2`	`SPA`	`@0 Nieve @5 01`
C03	`02`	`2`	`FRE`	`@0 Glace marine @5 02`
C03	`02`	`2`	`ENG`	`@0 sea ice @5 02`
C03	`02`	`2`	`SPA`	`@0 Hielo marino @5 02`
C03	`03`	`2`	`FRE`	`@0 Source @5 03`
C03	`03`	`2`	`ENG`	`@0 springs @5 03`
C03	`03`	`2`	`SPA`	`@0 Fuente @5 03`
C03	`04`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Printemps @5 04`
C03	`04`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Spring(season) @5 04`
C03	`04`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Primavera @5 04`
C03	`05`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Eté @5 05`
C03	`05`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Summer @5 05`
C03	`05`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Verano @5 05`
C03	`06`	`2`	`FRE`	`@0 Flux chaleur @5 06`
C03	`06`	`2`	`ENG`	`@0 heat flux @5 06`
C03	`06`	`2`	`SPA`	`@0 Flujo calor @5 06`
C03	`07`	`2`	`FRE`	`@0 Transfert chaleur @5 07`
C03	`07`	`2`	`ENG`	`@0 heat transfer @5 07`
C03	`07`	`2`	`SPA`	`@0 Transferencia térmica @5 07`
C03	`08`	`2`	`FRE`	`@0 Ablation @5 08`
C03	`08`	`2`	`ENG`	`@0 ablation @5 08`
C03	`08`	`2`	`SPA`	`@0 Ablación @5 08`
C03	`09`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Brise glace @5 09`
C03	`09`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Ice breaker @5 09`
C03	`09`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Buque rompehielo @5 09`
C03	`10`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Couverture neige @5 10`
C03	`10`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Snow cover @5 10`
C03	`10`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Cubierta nieve @5 10`
C03	`11`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Amincissement @5 11`
C03	`11`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Thinning @5 11`
C03	`11`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Afinamiento @5 11`
C03	`12`	`2`	`FRE`	`@0 Compaction @5 12`
C03	`12`	`2`	`ENG`	`@0 compaction @5 12`
C03	`12`	`2`	`SPA`	`@0 Compactación @5 12`
C03	`13`	`2`	`FRE`	`@0 Evaporation @5 13`
C03	`13`	`2`	`ENG`	`@0 evaporation @5 13`
C03	`13`	`2`	`SPA`	`@0 Evaporación @5 13`
C03	`14`	`2`	`FRE`	`@0 Matière fondue @5 14`
C03	`14`	`2`	`ENG`	`@0 melts @5 14`
C03	`14`	`2`	`SPA`	`@0 Producto fundido @5 14`
C03	`15`	`2`	`FRE`	`@0 Epaisseur @5 15`
C03	`15`	`2`	`ENG`	`@0 thickness @5 15`
C03	`15`	`2`	`SPA`	`@0 Espesor @5 15`
C03	`16`	`2`	`FRE`	`@0 Température @5 16`
C03	`16`	`2`	`ENG`	`@0 temperature @5 16`
C03	`16`	`2`	`SPA`	`@0 Temperatura @5 16`
C03	`17`	`2`	`FRE`	`@0 Stratigraphie @5 17`
C03	`17`	`2`	`ENG`	`@0 stratigraphy @5 17`
C03	`17`	`2`	`SPA`	`@0 Estratigrafía @5 17`
C03	`18`	`2`	`FRE`	`@0 Métamorphisme @5 18`
C03	`18`	`2`	`ENG`	`@0 metamorphism @5 18`
C03	`18`	`2`	`SPA`	`@0 Metamorfismo @5 18`
C03	`19`	`2`	`FRE`	`@0 Bilan masse @5 19`
C03	`19`	`2`	`ENG`	`@0 mass balance @5 19`
C03	`19`	`2`	`SPA`	`@0 Balance masa @5 19`
C03	`20`	`2`	`FRE`	`@0 Inondation @5 20`
C03	`20`	`2`	`ENG`	`@0 inundations @5 20`
C03	`21`	`2`	`FRE`	`@0 Interface @5 21`
C03	`21`	`2`	`ENG`	`@0 interfaces @5 21`
C03	`21`	`2`	`SPA`	`@0 Interfase @5 21`
C03	`22`	`X`	`FRE`	`@0 Point fusion @5 22`
C03	`22`	`X`	`ENG`	`@0 Melting point @5 22`
C03	`22`	`X`	`SPA`	`@0 Punto fusión @5 22`
C03	`23`	`2`	`FRE`	`@0 Couleur @5 23`
C03	`23`	`2`	`ENG`	`@0 color @5 23`
C03	`23`	`2`	`SPA`	`@0 Color @5 23`
C03	`24`	`2`	`FRE`	`@0 Traceur @5 24`
C03	`24`	`2`	`ENG`	`@0 tracers @5 24`
C03	`24`	`2`	`SPA`	`@0 Trazador @5 24`
C03	`25`	`2`	`FRE`	`@0 Etude expérimentale @5 25`
C03	`25`	`2`	`ENG`	`@0 experimental studies @5 25`
C03	`26`	`2`	`FRE`	`@0 Mer de Weddell @2 NG @5 61`
C03	`26`	`2`	`ENG`	`@0 Weddell Sea @2 NG @5 61`
C03	`26`	`2`	`SPA`	`@0 Mar de Weddell @2 NG @5 61`
C03	`27`	`2`	`FRE`	`@0 Antarctique @2 NG @5 62`
C03	`27`	`2`	`ENG`	`@0 Antarctica @2 NG @5 62`
C03	`27`	`2`	`SPA`	`@0 Antártico @2 NG @5 62`
C07	`01`	`2`	`FRE`	`@0 Océan Antarctique @2 564`
C07	`01`	`2`	`ENG`	`@0 Antarctic Ocean @2 564`
C07	`02`	`2`	`FRE`	`@0 Région Polaire @2 564`
C07	`02`	`2`	`ENG`	`@0 polar regions @2 564`
N21				`@1 306`
N44	`01`			`@1 OTO`
N82				`@1 OTO`

Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)

to stream PascalFrancis, to step Corpus: Pour aller vers cette notice dans l'étape Curation :000650

Links to Exploration step

Pascal:09-0427069

Le document en format XML

<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Evolution of first-year and second-year snow properties on sea ice in the Weddell Sea during spring-summer transition</title>
<author><name sortKey="Nicolaus, Marcel" sort="Nicolaus, Marcel" uniqKey="Nicolaus M" first="Marcel" last="Nicolaus">Marcel Nicolaus</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research</s1>
<s2>Bremerhaven</s2>
<s3>DEU</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Allemagne</country>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Norwegian Polar Institute</s1>
<s2>Tromsø</s2>
<s3>NOR</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Norvège</country>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Haas, Christian" sort="Haas, Christian" uniqKey="Haas C" first="Christian" last="Haas">Christian Haas</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research</s1>
<s2>Bremerhaven</s2>
<s3>DEU</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Allemagne</country>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta</s1>
<s2>Edmonton, Alberta</s2>
<s3>CAN</s3>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Canada</country>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Willmes, Sascha" sort="Willmes, Sascha" uniqKey="Willmes S" first="Sascha" last="Willmes">Sascha Willmes</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Environmental Meteorology, University of Trier</s1>
<s2>Trier</s2>
<s3>DEU</s3>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Allemagne</country>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">INIST</idno>
<idno type="inist">09-0427069</idno>
<date when="2009">2009</date>
<idno type="stanalyst">PASCAL 09-0427069 INIST</idno>
<idno type="RBID">Pascal:09-0427069</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Corpus">000650</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Curation">000761</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Evolution of first-year and second-year snow properties on sea ice in the Weddell Sea during spring-summer transition</title>
<author><name sortKey="Nicolaus, Marcel" sort="Nicolaus, Marcel" uniqKey="Nicolaus M" first="Marcel" last="Nicolaus">Marcel Nicolaus</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research</s1>
<s2>Bremerhaven</s2>
<s3>DEU</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Allemagne</country>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Norwegian Polar Institute</s1>
<s2>Tromsø</s2>
<s3>NOR</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Norvège</country>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Haas, Christian" sort="Haas, Christian" uniqKey="Haas C" first="Christian" last="Haas">Christian Haas</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research</s1>
<s2>Bremerhaven</s2>
<s3>DEU</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Allemagne</country>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta</s1>
<s2>Edmonton, Alberta</s2>
<s3>CAN</s3>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Canada</country>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Willmes, Sascha" sort="Willmes, Sascha" uniqKey="Willmes S" first="Sascha" last="Willmes">Sascha Willmes</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Environmental Meteorology, University of Trier</s1>
<s2>Trier</s2>
<s3>DEU</s3>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
</inist:fA14>
<country>Allemagne</country>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j" type="main">Journal of geophysical research</title>
<title level="j" type="abbreviated">J. geophys. res.</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0148-0227</idno>
<imprint><date when="2009">2009</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
<seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Journal of geophysical research</title>
<title level="j" type="abbreviated">J. geophys. res.</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0148-0227</idno>
</seriesStmt>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Antarctica</term>
<term>Ice breaker</term>
<term>Melting point</term>
<term>Snow cover</term>
<term>Spring(season)</term>
<term>Summer</term>
<term>Thinning</term>
<term>Weddell Sea</term>
<term>ablation</term>
<term>color</term>
<term>compaction</term>
<term>evaporation</term>
<term>experimental studies</term>
<term>heat flux</term>
<term>heat transfer</term>
<term>interfaces</term>
<term>inundations</term>
<term>mass balance</term>
<term>melts</term>
<term>metamorphism</term>
<term>sea ice</term>
<term>snow</term>
<term>springs</term>
<term>stratigraphy</term>
<term>temperature</term>
<term>thickness</term>
<term>tracers</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Neige</term>
<term>Glace marine</term>
<term>Source</term>
<term>Printemps</term>
<term>Eté</term>
<term>Flux chaleur</term>
<term>Transfert chaleur</term>
<term>Ablation</term>
<term>Brise glace</term>
<term>Couverture neige</term>
<term>Amincissement</term>
<term>Compaction</term>
<term>Evaporation</term>
<term>Matière fondue</term>
<term>Epaisseur</term>
<term>Température</term>
<term>Stratigraphie</term>
<term>Métamorphisme</term>
<term>Bilan masse</term>
<term>Inondation</term>
<term>Interface</term>
<term>Point fusion</term>
<term>Couleur</term>
<term>Traceur</term>
<term>Etude expérimentale</term>
<term>Mer de Weddell</term>
<term>Antarctique</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Inondation</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">[1] Observations of snow properties, superimposed ice, and atmospheric heat fluxes have been performed on first-year and second-year sea ice in the western Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Snow in this region is particular as it does usually survive summer ablation. Measurements were performed during Ice Station Polarstern (ISPOL), a 5-week drift station of the German icebreaker RV Polarstern. Net heat flux to the snowpack was 8 W m<sup>-2</sup>
, causing only 0.1 to 0.2 m of thinning of both snow cover types, thinner first-year and thicker second-year snow. Snow thinning was dominated by compaction and evaporation, whereas melt was of minor importance and occurred only internally at or close to the surface. Characteristic differences between snow on first-year and second-year ice were found in snow thickness, temperature, and stratigraphy. Snow on second-year ice was thicker, colder, denser, and more layered than on first-year ice. Metamorphism and ablation, and thus mass balance, were similar between both regimes, because they depend more on surface heat fluxes and less on underground properties. Ice freeboard was mostly negative, but flooding occurred mainly on first-year ice. Snow and ice interface temperature did not reach the melting point during the observation period. Nevertheless, formation of discontinuous superimposed ice was observed. Color tracer experiments suggest considerable meltwater percolation within the snow, despite below-melting temperatures of lower layers. Strong meridional gradients of snow and sea-ice properties were found in this region. They suggest similar gradients in atmospheric and oceanographic conditions and implicate their importance for melt processes and the location of the summer ice edge.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<inist><standard h6="B"><pA><fA01 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>0148-0227</s0>
</fA01>
<fA03 i2="1"><s0>J. geophys. res.</s0>
</fA03>
<fA05><s2>114</s2>
</fA05>
<fA06><s2>D17</s2>
</fA06>
<fA08 i1="01" i2="1" l="ENG"><s1>Evolution of first-year and second-year snow properties on sea ice in the Weddell Sea during spring-summer transition</s1>
</fA08>
<fA11 i1="01" i2="1"><s1>NICOLAUS (Marcel)</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="02" i2="1"><s1>HAAS (Christian)</s1>
</fA11>
<fA11 i1="03" i2="1"><s1>WILLMES (Sascha)</s1>
</fA11>
<fA14 i1="01"><s1>Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research</s1>
<s2>Bremerhaven</s2>
<s3>DEU</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
</fA14>
<fA14 i1="02"><s1>Norwegian Polar Institute</s1>
<s2>Tromsø</s2>
<s3>NOR</s3>
<sZ>1 aut.</sZ>
</fA14>
<fA14 i1="03"><s1>Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Alberta</s1>
<s2>Edmonton, Alberta</s2>
<s3>CAN</s3>
<sZ>2 aut.</sZ>
</fA14>
<fA14 i1="04"><s1>Environmental Meteorology, University of Trier</s1>
<s2>Trier</s2>
<s3>DEU</s3>
<sZ>3 aut.</sZ>
</fA14>
<fA20><s2>D17109.1-D17109.17</s2>
</fA20>
<fA21><s1>2009</s1>
</fA21>
<fA23 i1="01"><s0>ENG</s0>
</fA23>
<fA43 i1="01"><s1>INIST</s1>
<s2>3144</s2>
<s5>354000170036590090</s5>
</fA43>
<fA44><s0>0000</s0>
<s1>© 2009 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved.</s1>
</fA44>
<fA45><s0>1 p.1/2</s0>
</fA45>
<fA47 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>09-0427069</s0>
</fA47>
<fA60><s1>P</s1>
</fA60>
<fA61><s0>A</s0>
</fA61>
<fA64 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>Journal of geophysical research</s0>
</fA64>
<fA66 i1="01"><s0>USA</s0>
</fA66>
<fC01 i1="01" l="ENG"><s0>[1] Observations of snow properties, superimposed ice, and atmospheric heat fluxes have been performed on first-year and second-year sea ice in the western Weddell Sea, Antarctica. Snow in this region is particular as it does usually survive summer ablation. Measurements were performed during Ice Station Polarstern (ISPOL), a 5-week drift station of the German icebreaker RV Polarstern. Net heat flux to the snowpack was 8 W m<sup>-2</sup>
, causing only 0.1 to 0.2 m of thinning of both snow cover types, thinner first-year and thicker second-year snow. Snow thinning was dominated by compaction and evaporation, whereas melt was of minor importance and occurred only internally at or close to the surface. Characteristic differences between snow on first-year and second-year ice were found in snow thickness, temperature, and stratigraphy. Snow on second-year ice was thicker, colder, denser, and more layered than on first-year ice. Metamorphism and ablation, and thus mass balance, were similar between both regimes, because they depend more on surface heat fluxes and less on underground properties. Ice freeboard was mostly negative, but flooding occurred mainly on first-year ice. Snow and ice interface temperature did not reach the melting point during the observation period. Nevertheless, formation of discontinuous superimposed ice was observed. Color tracer experiments suggest considerable meltwater percolation within the snow, despite below-melting temperatures of lower layers. Strong meridional gradients of snow and sea-ice properties were found in this region. They suggest similar gradients in atmospheric and oceanographic conditions and implicate their importance for melt processes and the location of the summer ice edge.</s0>
</fC01>
<fC02 i1="01" i2="3"><s0>001E</s0>
</fC02>
<fC02 i1="02" i2="2"><s0>001E01</s0>
</fC02>
<fC02 i1="03" i2="2"><s0>220</s0>
</fC02>
<fC03 i1="01" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Neige</s0>
<s5>01</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="01" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>snow</s0>
<s5>01</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="01" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Nieve</s0>
<s5>01</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="02" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Glace marine</s0>
<s5>02</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="02" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>sea ice</s0>
<s5>02</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="02" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Hielo marino</s0>
<s5>02</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="03" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Source</s0>
<s5>03</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="03" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>springs</s0>
<s5>03</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="03" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Fuente</s0>
<s5>03</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Printemps</s0>
<s5>04</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Spring(season)</s0>
<s5>04</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Primavera</s0>
<s5>04</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Eté</s0>
<s5>05</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Summer</s0>
<s5>05</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Verano</s0>
<s5>05</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="06" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Flux chaleur</s0>
<s5>06</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="06" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>heat flux</s0>
<s5>06</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="06" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Flujo calor</s0>
<s5>06</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="07" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Transfert chaleur</s0>
<s5>07</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="07" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>heat transfer</s0>
<s5>07</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="07" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Transferencia térmica</s0>
<s5>07</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="08" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Ablation</s0>
<s5>08</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="08" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>ablation</s0>
<s5>08</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="08" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Ablación</s0>
<s5>08</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="09" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Brise glace</s0>
<s5>09</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="09" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Ice breaker</s0>
<s5>09</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="09" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Buque rompehielo</s0>
<s5>09</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Couverture neige</s0>
<s5>10</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Snow cover</s0>
<s5>10</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="10" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Cubierta nieve</s0>
<s5>10</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Amincissement</s0>
<s5>11</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Thinning</s0>
<s5>11</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="11" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Afinamiento</s0>
<s5>11</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="12" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Compaction</s0>
<s5>12</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="12" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>compaction</s0>
<s5>12</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="12" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Compactación</s0>
<s5>12</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="13" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Evaporation</s0>
<s5>13</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="13" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>evaporation</s0>
<s5>13</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="13" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Evaporación</s0>
<s5>13</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="14" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Matière fondue</s0>
<s5>14</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="14" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>melts</s0>
<s5>14</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="14" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Producto fundido</s0>
<s5>14</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="15" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Epaisseur</s0>
<s5>15</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="15" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>thickness</s0>
<s5>15</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="15" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Espesor</s0>
<s5>15</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="16" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Température</s0>
<s5>16</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="16" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>temperature</s0>
<s5>16</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="16" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Temperatura</s0>
<s5>16</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="17" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Stratigraphie</s0>
<s5>17</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="17" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>stratigraphy</s0>
<s5>17</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="17" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Estratigrafía</s0>
<s5>17</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="18" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Métamorphisme</s0>
<s5>18</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="18" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>metamorphism</s0>
<s5>18</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="18" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Metamorfismo</s0>
<s5>18</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="19" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Bilan masse</s0>
<s5>19</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="19" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>mass balance</s0>
<s5>19</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="19" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Balance masa</s0>
<s5>19</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="20" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Inondation</s0>
<s5>20</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="20" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>inundations</s0>
<s5>20</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="21" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Interface</s0>
<s5>21</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="21" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>interfaces</s0>
<s5>21</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="21" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Interfase</s0>
<s5>21</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="22" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Point fusion</s0>
<s5>22</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="22" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Melting point</s0>
<s5>22</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="22" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Punto fusión</s0>
<s5>22</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="23" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Couleur</s0>
<s5>23</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="23" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>color</s0>
<s5>23</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="23" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Color</s0>
<s5>23</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="24" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Traceur</s0>
<s5>24</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="24" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>tracers</s0>
<s5>24</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="24" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Trazador</s0>
<s5>24</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="25" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Etude expérimentale</s0>
<s5>25</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="25" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>experimental studies</s0>
<s5>25</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="26" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Mer de Weddell</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
<s5>61</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="26" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>Weddell Sea</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
<s5>61</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="26" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Mar de Weddell</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
<s5>61</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="27" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Antarctique</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
<s5>62</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="27" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>Antarctica</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
<s5>62</s5>
</fC03>
<fC03 i1="27" i2="2" l="SPA"><s0>Antártico</s0>
<s2>NG</s2>
<s5>62</s5>
</fC03>
<fC07 i1="01" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Océan Antarctique</s0>
<s2>564</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="01" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>Antarctic Ocean</s0>
<s2>564</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="02" i2="2" l="FRE"><s0>Région Polaire</s0>
<s2>564</s2>
</fC07>
<fC07 i1="02" i2="2" l="ENG"><s0>polar regions</s0>
<s2>564</s2>
</fC07>
<fN21><s1>306</s1>
</fN21>
<fN44 i1="01"><s1>OTO</s1>
</fN44>
<fN82><s1>OTO</s1>
</fN82>
</pA>
</standard>
</inist>
</record>

Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)

EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Rhénanie/explor/UnivTrevesV1/Data/PascalFrancis/Curation

HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000761 | SxmlIndent | more

HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/PascalFrancis/Curation/biblio.hfd -nk 000761 | SxmlIndent | more

Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri

{{Explor lien
   |wiki=    Wicri/Rhénanie
   |area=    UnivTrevesV1
   |flux=    PascalFrancis
   |étape=   Curation
   |type=    RBID
   |clé=     Pascal:09-0427069
   |texte=   Evolution of first-year and second-year snow properties on sea ice in the Weddell Sea during spring-summer transition
}}

This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.31.
Data generation: Sat Jul 22 16:29:01 2017. Site generation: Wed Feb 28 14:55:37 2024

	Serveur d'exploration sur l'Université de Trèves
	Attention, ce site est en cours de développement ! Attention, site généré par des moyens informatiques à partir de corpus bruts. Les informations ne sont donc pas validées.

Serveur d'exploration sur l'Université de Trèves

Evolution of first-year and second-year snow properties on sea ice in the Weddell Sea during spring-summer transition

Evolution of first-year and second-year snow properties on sea ice in the Weddell Sea during spring-summer transition

Source :

Descripteurs français

English descriptors

Abstract

Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)

Links to Exploration step

Le document en format XML

Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)

Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri