Genetic legacy from past panmixia: high genetic variability and low differentiation in disjunct populations of the Eastern Large Heath butterfly
Identifieur interne : 001A11 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001A10; suivant : 001A12Genetic legacy from past panmixia: high genetic variability and low differentiation in disjunct populations of the Eastern Large Heath butterfly
Auteurs : Dirk Louy ; Jan Christian Habel ; Stanislav Abadjiev ; Thomas SchmittSource :
- Biological Journal of the Linnean Society [ 0024-4066 ] ; 2013-10.
Abstract
Glacial and interglacial cycles of the Pleistocene have led to severe range fluctuations of many species. These range shifts of the past often are reflected by extant genetic signatures. Retractions of distribution areas often have fostered splits into several small and isolated retreats as remnants of the formerly interconnected range. These processes often go in line with losses of intraspecific diversity. By contrast, large and interconnected distribution ranges mostly sustain high levels of genetic variability. The genetic impact of both scenarios strongly depends on the temporal scale. In the present study, we tested the genetic effects of an assumed long‐lasting widespread distribution during glacial periods and more short‐term population retractions to mountain archipelagos during warm stages. We analyzed polymorphic allozymes for individuals of the Eastern Large Heath butterfly, Coenonympha rhodopensis, including major parts of its distribution, such as central Italy and the Balkan Peninsula. Our data show extraordinarily high genetic diversity. The only remarkable genetic split is detectable between the central Apennines (Italy) and the Balkan mountain systems. The populations sampled over seven Balkan mountain systems (Jakupica, Shar Planina, Ossogovo, Pirin, Rila, Rhodopes, and Stara Planina) show low genetic differentiation. This low genetic differentiation and high genetic diversity diverges from the genetic structures frequently found in species with disjunct distributions. We therefore hypothesize that the obtained molecular structure is the product of down‐slope shift during the last cold stage and subsequent expansion over the lowlands of the Balkan Peninsula. The current mountain restriction most probably occurred with the beginning of the postglacial warming, which is too short a time span to be of evolutionary relevance. Therefore, the recent high genetic diversities and low differentiation may still reflect long‐lasting glacial panmixia but not (yet) the recent disjunction. The strong genetic differentiation between the Balkans and Italian Apennines must result from an earlier dispersal process, most probably from the Balkans to Italy. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 110;, 281–290.
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DOI: 10.1111/bij.12144
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<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Genetic legacy from past panmixia: high genetic variability and low differentiation in disjunct populations of the Eastern Large Heath butterfly</title><author><name sortKey="Louy, Dirk" sort="Louy, Dirk" uniqKey="Louy D" first="Dirk" last="Louy">Dirk Louy</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Biogeography, Trier University, D‐54286, Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Habel, Jan Christian" sort="Habel, Jan Christian" uniqKey="Habel J" first="Jan Christian" last="Habel">Jan Christian Habel</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technische Universität München, D‐85350, Freising‐Weihenstephan, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abadjiev, Stanislav" sort="Abadjiev, Stanislav" uniqKey="Abadjiev S" first="Stanislav" last="Abadjiev">Stanislav Abadjiev</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, BG‐1000, Sofia, Bulgaria</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schmitt, Thomas" sort="Schmitt, Thomas" uniqKey="Schmitt T" first="Thomas" last="Schmitt">Thomas Schmitt</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Biogeography, Trier University, D‐54286, Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: thsh@uni-trier.de</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:9EB278F94B4EA3F715E246D331160801447F1A2E</idno><date when="2013" year="2013">2013</date><idno type="doi">10.1111/bij.12144</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/9EB278F94B4EA3F715E246D331160801447F1A2E/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">001A11</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">001A11</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Genetic legacy from past panmixia: high genetic variability and low differentiation in disjunct populations of the Eastern Large Heath butterfly</title><author><name sortKey="Louy, Dirk" sort="Louy, Dirk" uniqKey="Louy D" first="Dirk" last="Louy">Dirk Louy</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Biogeography, Trier University, D‐54286, Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Habel, Jan Christian" sort="Habel, Jan Christian" uniqKey="Habel J" first="Jan Christian" last="Habel">Jan Christian Habel</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technische Universität München, D‐85350, Freising‐Weihenstephan, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abadjiev, Stanislav" sort="Abadjiev, Stanislav" uniqKey="Abadjiev S" first="Stanislav" last="Abadjiev">Stanislav Abadjiev</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, BG‐1000, Sofia, Bulgaria</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schmitt, Thomas" sort="Schmitt, Thomas" uniqKey="Schmitt T" first="Thomas" last="Schmitt">Thomas Schmitt</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Biogeography, Trier University, D‐54286, Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: thsh@uni-trier.de</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Biological Journal of the Linnean Society</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Biol J Linn Soc Lond</title><idno type="ISSN">0024-4066</idno><idno type="eISSN">1095-8312</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><date type="published" when="2013-10">2013-10</date><biblScope unit="volume">110</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="281">281</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="290">290</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0024-4066</idno></series><idno type="istex">9EB278F94B4EA3F715E246D331160801447F1A2E</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/bij.12144</idno><idno type="ArticleID">BIJ12144</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0024-4066</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">Glacial and interglacial cycles of the Pleistocene have led to severe range fluctuations of many species. These range shifts of the past often are reflected by extant genetic signatures. Retractions of distribution areas often have fostered splits into several small and isolated retreats as remnants of the formerly interconnected range. These processes often go in line with losses of intraspecific diversity. By contrast, large and interconnected distribution ranges mostly sustain high levels of genetic variability. The genetic impact of both scenarios strongly depends on the temporal scale. In the present study, we tested the genetic effects of an assumed long‐lasting widespread distribution during glacial periods and more short‐term population retractions to mountain archipelagos during warm stages. We analyzed polymorphic allozymes for individuals of the Eastern Large Heath butterfly, Coenonympha rhodopensis, including major parts of its distribution, such as central Italy and the Balkan Peninsula. Our data show extraordinarily high genetic diversity. The only remarkable genetic split is detectable between the central Apennines (Italy) and the Balkan mountain systems. The populations sampled over seven Balkan mountain systems (Jakupica, Shar Planina, Ossogovo, Pirin, Rila, Rhodopes, and Stara Planina) show low genetic differentiation. This low genetic differentiation and high genetic diversity diverges from the genetic structures frequently found in species with disjunct distributions. We therefore hypothesize that the obtained molecular structure is the product of down‐slope shift during the last cold stage and subsequent expansion over the lowlands of the Balkan Peninsula. The current mountain restriction most probably occurred with the beginning of the postglacial warming, which is too short a time span to be of evolutionary relevance. Therefore, the recent high genetic diversities and low differentiation may still reflect long‐lasting glacial panmixia but not (yet) the recent disjunction. The strong genetic differentiation between the Balkans and Italian Apennines must result from an earlier dispersal process, most probably from the Balkans to Italy. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 110;, 281–290.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Dirk Louy</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Biogeography, Trier University, D‐54286, Trier, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Jan Christian Habel</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technische Universität München, D‐85350, Freising‐Weihenstephan, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Stanislav Abadjiev</name><affiliations><json:string>National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, BG‐1000, Sofia, Bulgaria</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Thomas Schmitt</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Biogeography, Trier University, D‐54286, Trier, Germany</json:string><json:string>E-mail: thsh@uni-trier.de</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>allozyme electrophoresis</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Balkan Peninsula</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>climatic oscillations</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>genetic structure</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>geographical isolation</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>phylogeography</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>range expansion</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>range retraction</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>BIJ12144</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Glacial and interglacial cycles of the Pleistocene have led to severe range fluctuations of many species. These range shifts of the past often are reflected by extant genetic signatures. Retractions of distribution areas often have fostered splits into several small and isolated retreats as remnants of the formerly interconnected range. These processes often go in line with losses of intraspecific diversity. By contrast, large and interconnected distribution ranges mostly sustain high levels of genetic variability. The genetic impact of both scenarios strongly depends on the temporal scale. In the present study, we tested the genetic effects of an assumed long‐lasting widespread distribution during glacial periods and more short‐term population retractions to mountain archipelagos during warm stages. We analyzed polymorphic allozymes for individuals of the Eastern Large Heath butterfly, Coenonympha rhodopensis, including major parts of its distribution, such as central Italy and the Balkan Peninsula. Our data show extraordinarily high genetic diversity. The only remarkable genetic split is detectable between the central Apennines (Italy) and the Balkan mountain systems. The populations sampled over seven Balkan mountain systems (Jakupica, Shar Planina, Ossogovo, Pirin, Rila, Rhodopes, and Stara Planina) show low genetic differentiation. This low genetic differentiation and high genetic diversity diverges from the genetic structures frequently found in species with disjunct distributions. We therefore hypothesize that the obtained molecular structure is the product of down‐slope shift during the last cold stage and subsequent expansion over the lowlands of the Balkan Peninsula. The current mountain restriction most probably occurred with the beginning of the postglacial warming, which is too short a time span to be of evolutionary relevance. Therefore, the recent high genetic diversities and low differentiation may still reflect long‐lasting glacial panmixia but not (yet) the recent disjunction. The strong genetic differentiation between the Balkans and Italian Apennines must result from an earlier dispersal process, most probably from the Balkans to Italy. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 110;, 281–290.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>8</score><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>595.276 x 782.362 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractCharCount>2296</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>5339</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>37218</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>10</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>325</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Genetic legacy from past panmixia: high genetic variability and low differentiation in disjunct populations of the Eastern Large Heath butterfly</title><refBibs><json:item><author><json:item><name>N Alvarez</name></json:item><json:item><name>S Manel</name></json:item><json:item><name>T Schmitt</name></json:item><json:item><name> </name></json:item></author><host><volume>207</volume><pages><last>413</last><first>408</first></pages><author></author><title>Flora</title></host><title>Contrasting diffusion of Quaternary gene pools across Europe: the case of the arctic–alpine Gentiana nivalis L. 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Allele frequencies for all populations analyzed of Coenonympha rhodopensis (1–12) and one population of Coenonympha glycerion. Sample numbers coincide with all other figures and tables. Private alleles of mountain ranges and/or single populations are indicated in bold.</note><note>Konrad Adenauer Foundation</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Genetic legacy from past panmixia: high genetic variability and low differentiation in disjunct populations of the Eastern Large Heath butterfly</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">Dirk</forename><surname>Louy</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Biogeography, Trier University, D‐54286, Trier, Germany</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">Jan Christian</forename><surname>Habel</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technische Universität München, D‐85350, Freising‐Weihenstephan, Germany</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">Stanislav</forename><surname>Abadjiev</surname></persName><affiliation>National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, BG‐1000, Sofia, Bulgaria</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-4"><persName><forename type="first">Thomas</forename><surname>Schmitt</surname></persName><email>thsh@uni-trier.de</email><affiliation>Department of Biogeography, Trier University, D‐54286, Trier, Germany</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Biological Journal of the Linnean Society</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Biol J Linn Soc Lond</title><idno type="pISSN">0024-4066</idno><idno type="eISSN">1095-8312</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1095-8312</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><date type="published" when="2013-10"></date><biblScope unit="volume">110</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="281">281</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="290">290</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">9EB278F94B4EA3F715E246D331160801447F1A2E</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/bij.12144</idno><idno type="ArticleID">BIJ12144</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2013-07-22</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract><p>Glacial and interglacial cycles of the Pleistocene have led to severe range fluctuations of many species. These range shifts of the past often are reflected by extant genetic signatures. Retractions of distribution areas often have fostered splits into several small and isolated retreats as remnants of the formerly interconnected range. These processes often go in line with losses of intraspecific diversity. By contrast, large and interconnected distribution ranges mostly sustain high levels of genetic variability. The genetic impact of both scenarios strongly depends on the temporal scale. In the present study, we tested the genetic effects of an assumed long‐lasting widespread distribution during glacial periods and more short‐term population retractions to mountain archipelagos during warm stages. We analyzed polymorphic allozymes for individuals of the Eastern Large Heath butterfly, Coenonympha rhodopensis, including major parts of its distribution, such as central Italy and the Balkan Peninsula. Our data show extraordinarily high genetic diversity. The only remarkable genetic split is detectable between the central Apennines (Italy) and the Balkan mountain systems. The populations sampled over seven Balkan mountain systems (Jakupica, Shar Planina, Ossogovo, Pirin, Rila, Rhodopes, and Stara Planina) show low genetic differentiation. This low genetic differentiation and high genetic diversity diverges from the genetic structures frequently found in species with disjunct distributions. We therefore hypothesize that the obtained molecular structure is the product of down‐slope shift during the last cold stage and subsequent expansion over the lowlands of the Balkan Peninsula. The current mountain restriction most probably occurred with the beginning of the postglacial warming, which is too short a time span to be of evolutionary relevance. Therefore, the recent high genetic diversities and low differentiation may still reflect long‐lasting glacial panmixia but not (yet) the recent disjunction. The strong genetic differentiation between the Balkans and Italian Apennines must result from an earlier dispersal process, most probably from the Balkans to Italy. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 110;, 281–290.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>keywords</head><item><term>allozyme electrophoresis</term></item><item><term>Balkan Peninsula</term></item><item><term>climatic oscillations</term></item><item><term>genetic structure</term></item><item><term>geographical isolation</term></item><item><term>phylogeography</term></item><item><term>range expansion</term></item><item><term>range retraction</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>article-category</head><item><term>Research Article</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2013-07-22">Created</change><change when="2013-10">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/9EB278F94B4EA3F715E246D331160801447F1A2E/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body" wicri:toSee="Element #text"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component type="serialArticle" version="2.0" xml:id="bij12144" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/(ISSN)1095-8312</doi><issn type="print">0024-4066</issn><issn type="electronic">1095-8312</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="BIJ"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title sort="BIOLOGICAL JOURNAL OF THE LINNEAN SOCIETY" type="main">Biological Journal of the Linnean Society</title><title type="short">Biol J Linn Soc Lond</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="10102"><doi>10.1111/bij.2013.110.issue-2</doi><copyright ownership="thirdParty">Copyright © 2013 The Linnean Society of London</copyright><numberingGroup><numbering number="110" type="journalVolume">110</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue">2</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2013-10">October 2013</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" status="forIssue" type="article" position="30"><doi>10.1111/bij.12144</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="BIJ12144"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count number="10" type="pageTotal"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="tocHeading1">Research Articles</title><title type="articleCategory">Research Article</title></titleGroup><copyright ownership="thirdParty">© 2013 The Linnean Society of London</copyright><eventGroup><event agent="bestset" date="2013-07-22" type="xmlCreated"></event><event type="publishedOnlineEarlyUnpaginated" date="2013-09-04"></event><event type="firstOnline" date="2013-09-04"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2013-09-11"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.8.8" date="2014-02-22"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.6.4 mode:FullText" date="2015-10-02"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst">281</numbering><numbering type="pageLast">290</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo>Corresponding author. E‐mail: <email>thsh@uni-trier.de</email></correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:BIJ.BIJ12144.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><countGroup><count number="3" type="figureTotal"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="short">Biogeography of a Mountain Butterfly</title><title type="shortAuthors">D. <fc>L</fc>ouy <i>et al</i>.</title><title type="main">Genetic legacy from past panmixia: high genetic variability and low differentiation in disjunct populations of the <fc>E</fc>astern <fc>L</fc>arge <fc>H</fc>eath butterfly</title></titleGroup><creators><creator affiliationRef="#bij12144-aff-0001" creatorRole="author" xml:id="bij12144-cr-0001"><personName><givenNames>Dirk</givenNames><familyName>Louy</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#bij12144-aff-0002" creatorRole="author" xml:id="bij12144-cr-0002"><personName><givenNames>Jan Christian</givenNames><familyName>Habel</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#bij12144-aff-0003" creatorRole="author" xml:id="bij12144-cr-0003"><personName><givenNames>Stanislav</givenNames><familyName>Abadjiev</familyName></personName></creator><creator affiliationRef="#bij12144-aff-0001" corresponding="yes" creatorRole="author" xml:id="bij12144-cr-0004"><personName><givenNames>Thomas</givenNames><familyName>Schmitt</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation countryCode="DE" xml:id="bij12144-aff-0001"><orgDiv>Department of Biogeography</orgDiv><orgName>Trier University</orgName><address><postCode>D‐54286</postCode><city>Trier</city><country>Germany</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="DE" xml:id="bij12144-aff-0002"><orgDiv>Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management</orgDiv><orgName>Technische Universität München</orgName><address><postCode>D‐85350</postCode><city>Freising‐Weihenstephan</city><country>Germany</country></address></affiliation><affiliation countryCode="BG" xml:id="bij12144-aff-0003"><orgDiv>National Museum of Natural History</orgDiv><orgName>Bulgarian Academy of Sciences</orgName><address><postCode>BG‐1000</postCode><city>Sofia</city><country>Bulgaria</country></address></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup type="author"><keyword xml:id="bij12144-kwd-0001">allozyme electrophoresis</keyword><keyword xml:id="bij12144-kwd-0002"><fc>B</fc>alkan <fc>P</fc>eninsula</keyword><keyword xml:id="bij12144-kwd-0003">climatic oscillations</keyword><keyword xml:id="bij12144-kwd-0004">genetic structure</keyword><keyword xml:id="bij12144-kwd-0005">geographical isolation</keyword><keyword xml:id="bij12144-kwd-0006">phylogeography</keyword><keyword xml:id="bij12144-kwd-0007">range expansion</keyword><keyword xml:id="bij12144-kwd-0008">range retraction</keyword></keywordGroup><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>Konrad Adenauer Foundation</fundingAgency></fundingInfo><supportingInformation><supportingInfoItem><mediaResource alt="doc" href="urn-x:wiley:00244066:media:bij12144:bij12144-sup-0001-appendix_s1"></mediaResource><caption><p><b>Appendix S1.</b> Allele frequencies for all populations analyzed of <i>Coenonympha rhodopensis</i> (1–12) and one population of <i>Coenonympha glycerion</i>. Sample numbers coincide with all other figures and tables. Private alleles of mountain ranges and/or single populations are indicated in bold.</p></caption></supportingInfoItem></supportingInformation><abstractGroup><abstract type="main"><p>Glacial and interglacial cycles of the <fc>P</fc>leistocene have led to severe range fluctuations of many species. These range shifts of the past often are reflected by extant genetic signatures. Retractions of distribution areas often have fostered splits into several small and isolated retreats as remnants of the formerly interconnected range. These processes often go in line with losses of intraspecific diversity. By contrast, large and interconnected distribution ranges mostly sustain high levels of genetic variability. The genetic impact of both scenarios strongly depends on the temporal scale. In the present study, we tested the genetic effects of an assumed long‐lasting widespread distribution during glacial periods and more short‐term population retractions to mountain archipelagos during warm stages. We analyzed polymorphic allozymes for individuals of the <fc>E</fc>astern <fc>L</fc>arge <fc>H</fc>eath butterfly, <i><fc>C</fc>oenonympha rhodopensis</i>, including major parts of its distribution, such as central <fc>I</fc>taly and the <fc>B</fc>alkan <fc>P</fc>eninsula. Our data show extraordinarily high genetic diversity. The only remarkable genetic split is detectable between the central <fc>A</fc>pennines (<fc>I</fc>taly) and the <fc>B</fc>alkan mountain systems. The populations sampled over seven <fc>B</fc>alkan mountain systems (<fc>J</fc>akupica, <fc>S</fc>har <fc>P</fc>lanina, <fc>O</fc>ssogovo, <fc>P</fc>irin, <fc>R</fc>ila, <fc>R</fc>hodopes, and <fc>S</fc>tara <fc>P</fc>lanina) show low genetic differentiation. This low genetic differentiation and high genetic diversity diverges from the genetic structures frequently found in species with disjunct distributions. We therefore hypothesize that the obtained molecular structure is the product of down‐slope shift during the last cold stage and subsequent expansion over the lowlands of the <fc>B</fc>alkan <fc>P</fc>eninsula. The current mountain restriction most probably occurred with the beginning of the postglacial warming, which is too short a time span to be of evolutionary relevance. Therefore, the recent high genetic diversities and low differentiation may still reflect long‐lasting glacial panmixia but not (yet) the recent disjunction. The strong genetic differentiation between the <fc>B</fc>alkans and <fc>I</fc>talian <fc>A</fc>pennines must result from an earlier dispersal process, most probably from the <fc>B</fc>alkans to <fc>I</fc>taly. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London, <i>Biological Journal of the Linnean Society</i>, 2013, <b>110;</b>, 281–290.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header> </component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Genetic legacy from past panmixia: high genetic variability and low differentiation in disjunct populations of the Eastern Large Heath butterfly</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>Biogeography of a Mountain Butterfly</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Genetic legacy from past panmixia: high genetic variability and low differentiation in disjunct populations of the Eastern Large Heath butterfly</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Dirk</namePart><namePart type="family">Louy</namePart><affiliation>Department of Biogeography, Trier University, D‐54286, Trier, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jan Christian</namePart><namePart type="family">Habel</namePart><affiliation>Department of Ecology and Ecosystem Management, Technische Universität München, D‐85350, Freising‐Weihenstephan, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Stanislav</namePart><namePart type="family">Abadjiev</namePart><affiliation>National Museum of Natural History, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, BG‐1000, Sofia, Bulgaria</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Thomas</namePart><namePart type="family">Schmitt</namePart><affiliation>Department of Biogeography, Trier University, D‐54286, Trier, Germany</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: thsh@uni-trier.de</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Ltd</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2013-10</dateIssued><dateCreated encoding="w3cdtf">2013-07-22</dateCreated><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2013</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">3</extent></physicalDescription><abstract>Glacial and interglacial cycles of the Pleistocene have led to severe range fluctuations of many species. These range shifts of the past often are reflected by extant genetic signatures. Retractions of distribution areas often have fostered splits into several small and isolated retreats as remnants of the formerly interconnected range. These processes often go in line with losses of intraspecific diversity. By contrast, large and interconnected distribution ranges mostly sustain high levels of genetic variability. The genetic impact of both scenarios strongly depends on the temporal scale. In the present study, we tested the genetic effects of an assumed long‐lasting widespread distribution during glacial periods and more short‐term population retractions to mountain archipelagos during warm stages. We analyzed polymorphic allozymes for individuals of the Eastern Large Heath butterfly, Coenonympha rhodopensis, including major parts of its distribution, such as central Italy and the Balkan Peninsula. Our data show extraordinarily high genetic diversity. The only remarkable genetic split is detectable between the central Apennines (Italy) and the Balkan mountain systems. The populations sampled over seven Balkan mountain systems (Jakupica, Shar Planina, Ossogovo, Pirin, Rila, Rhodopes, and Stara Planina) show low genetic differentiation. This low genetic differentiation and high genetic diversity diverges from the genetic structures frequently found in species with disjunct distributions. We therefore hypothesize that the obtained molecular structure is the product of down‐slope shift during the last cold stage and subsequent expansion over the lowlands of the Balkan Peninsula. The current mountain restriction most probably occurred with the beginning of the postglacial warming, which is too short a time span to be of evolutionary relevance. Therefore, the recent high genetic diversities and low differentiation may still reflect long‐lasting glacial panmixia but not (yet) the recent disjunction. The strong genetic differentiation between the Balkans and Italian Apennines must result from an earlier dispersal process, most probably from the Balkans to Italy. © 2013 The Linnean Society of London, Biological Journal of the Linnean Society, 2013, 110;, 281–290.</abstract><note type="additional physical form">Appendix S1. Allele frequencies for all populations analyzed of Coenonympha rhodopensis (1–12) and one population of Coenonympha glycerion. Sample numbers coincide with all other figures and tables. Private alleles of mountain ranges and/or single populations are indicated in bold.</note><note type="funding">Konrad Adenauer Foundation</note><subject><genre>keywords</genre><topic>allozyme electrophoresis</topic><topic>Balkan Peninsula</topic><topic>climatic oscillations</topic><topic>genetic structure</topic><topic>geographical isolation</topic><topic>phylogeography</topic><topic>range expansion</topic><topic>range retraction</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Biological Journal of the Linnean Society</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Biol J Linn Soc Lond</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><subject><genre>article-category</genre><topic>Research Article</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">0024-4066</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1095-8312</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1095-8312</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">BIJ</identifier><part><date>2013</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>110</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>2</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>281</start><end>290</end><total>10</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">9EB278F94B4EA3F715E246D331160801447F1A2E</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/bij.12144</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">BIJ12144</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright © 2013 The Linnean Society of London© 2013 The Linnean Society of London</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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