Rhizodeposition of maize: Short‐term carbon budget and composition
Identifieur interne : 001A10 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001A09; suivant : 001A11Rhizodeposition of maize: Short‐term carbon budget and composition
Auteurs : Holger Fischer ; Kai-Uwe Eckhardt ; Axel Meyer ; Günter Neumann ; Peter Leinweber ; Klaus Fischer ; Yakov KuzyakovSource :
- Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science [ 1436-8730 ] ; 2010-02.
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Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess differences in rhizodeposition quantity and composition from maize cropped on soil or on 1:1 (w/w) soil–sand mixture and distribution of recently assimilated C between roots, shoots, soil, soil solution, and CO2 from root respiration. Maize was labeled in 14CO2 atmosphere followed by subsequent simultaneous leaching and air flushing from soil. 14C was traced after 7.5 h in roots and shoots, soil, soil solution, and soil‐borne CO2. Rhizodeposits in the leachate of the first 2 h after labeling were identified by high‐pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and pyrolysis–field ionization mass spectrometry (Py‐FIMS). Leachate from soil–sand contained more 14C than from soil (0.6% vs. 0.4%) and more HPLC‐detectable carboxylates (4.36 vs. 2.69 μM), especially acetate and lactate. This is either because of root response to lower nutrient concentrations in the soil–sand mixture or decreasing structural integrity of the root cells during the leaching process, or because carboxylates were more strongly sorbed to the soil compared to carbohydrates and amino acids. In contrast, Py‐FIMS total ion intensity was more than 2 times higher in leachate from soil than from soil–sand, mainly due to signals from lignin monomers. HPLC‐measured concentrations of total amino acids (1.33 μM [soil] vs. 1.03 μM [soil–sand]) and total carbohydrates (0.73 vs. 0.34 μM) and 14CO2 from soil agreed with this pattern. Higher leachate concentrations from soil than from soil–sand for HPLC‐measured carbohydrates and amino acids and for the sum of substances detected by Py‐FIMS overcompensated the higher sorption in soil than in sand‐soil. A parallel treatment with blow‐out of the soil air but without leaching indicated that nearly all of the rhizodeposits in the treatment with leaching face decomposition to CO2. Simultaneous application of three methods—14C‐labeling and tracing, HPLC, and Py‐FIMS—enabled us to present the budget of rhizodeposition (14C) and to analyze individual carbohydrates, carboxylates, and amino acids (HPLC) and to scan all dissolved organic substances in soil solution (Py‐FIMS) as dependent on nutrient status.
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DOI: 10.1002/jpln.200800293
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level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Rhizodeposition of maize: Short‐term carbon budget and composition</title><author><name sortKey="Fischer, Holger" sort="Fischer, Holger" uniqKey="Fischer H" first="Holger" last="Fischer">Holger Fischer</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dept. of Agroecosystem Research, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: Holger.Fischer@uni‐hohenheim.de</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Eckhardt, Kai We" sort="Eckhardt, Kai We" uniqKey="Eckhardt K" first="Kai-Uwe" last="Eckhardt">Kai-Uwe Eckhardt</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, University of Rostock, Justus‐von‐Liebig‐Weg 6, 18051 Rostock, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Meyer, Axel" sort="Meyer, Axel" uniqKey="Meyer A" first="Axel" last="Meyer">Axel Meyer</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>FB VI‐Geography/Geosciences, Analytical and Ecological Chemistry, University of Trier, Universitätsring 15, 54286 Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Neumann, Gunter" sort="Neumann, Gunter" uniqKey="Neumann G" first="Günter" last="Neumann">Günter Neumann</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Plant Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Leinweber, Peter" sort="Leinweber, Peter" uniqKey="Leinweber P" first="Peter" last="Leinweber">Peter Leinweber</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, University of Rostock, Justus‐von‐Liebig‐Weg 6, 18051 Rostock, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Fischer, Klaus" sort="Fischer, Klaus" uniqKey="Fischer K" first="Klaus" last="Fischer">Klaus Fischer</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>FB VI‐Geography/Geosciences, Analytical and Ecological Chemistry, University of Trier, Universitätsring 15, 54286 Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kuzyakov, Yakov" sort="Kuzyakov, Yakov" uniqKey="Kuzyakov Y" first="Yakov" last="Kuzyakov">Yakov Kuzyakov</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Dept. of Agroecosystem Research, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Z. Pflanzenernähr. Bodenk.</title><idno type="ISSN">1436-8730</idno><idno type="eISSN">1522-2624</idno><imprint><publisher>WILEY‐VCH Verlag</publisher><pubPlace>Weinheim</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2010-02">2010-02</date><biblScope unit="volume">173</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="67">67</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="79">79</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">1436-8730</idno></series><idno type="istex">168EA26325F3FE3DD581D1867E1931FBB6801487</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/jpln.200800293</idno><idno type="ArticleID">JPLN200800293</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">1436-8730</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>14C budget</term><term>HPLC</term><term>Py‐FIMS</term><term>amino acids</term><term>carbohydrates</term><term>carboxylates</term><term>composition</term><term>maize</term><term>methods</term><term>rhizodeposition</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The aim of this study was to assess differences in rhizodeposition quantity and composition from maize cropped on soil or on 1:1 (w/w) soil–sand mixture and distribution of recently assimilated C between roots, shoots, soil, soil solution, and CO2 from root respiration. Maize was labeled in 14CO2 atmosphere followed by subsequent simultaneous leaching and air flushing from soil. 14C was traced after 7.5 h in roots and shoots, soil, soil solution, and soil‐borne CO2. Rhizodeposits in the leachate of the first 2 h after labeling were identified by high‐pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and pyrolysis–field ionization mass spectrometry (Py‐FIMS). Leachate from soil–sand contained more 14C than from soil (0.6% vs. 0.4%) and more HPLC‐detectable carboxylates (4.36 vs. 2.69 μM), especially acetate and lactate. This is either because of root response to lower nutrient concentrations in the soil–sand mixture or decreasing structural integrity of the root cells during the leaching process, or because carboxylates were more strongly sorbed to the soil compared to carbohydrates and amino acids. In contrast, Py‐FIMS total ion intensity was more than 2 times higher in leachate from soil than from soil–sand, mainly due to signals from lignin monomers. HPLC‐measured concentrations of total amino acids (1.33 μM [soil] vs. 1.03 μM [soil–sand]) and total carbohydrates (0.73 vs. 0.34 μM) and 14CO2 from soil agreed with this pattern. Higher leachate concentrations from soil than from soil–sand for HPLC‐measured carbohydrates and amino acids and for the sum of substances detected by Py‐FIMS overcompensated the higher sorption in soil than in sand‐soil. A parallel treatment with blow‐out of the soil air but without leaching indicated that nearly all of the rhizodeposits in the treatment with leaching face decomposition to CO2. Simultaneous application of three methods—14C‐labeling and tracing, HPLC, and Py‐FIMS—enabled us to present the budget of rhizodeposition (14C) and to analyze individual carbohydrates, carboxylates, and amino acids (HPLC) and to scan all dissolved organic substances in soil solution (Py‐FIMS) as dependent on nutrient status.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Holger Fischer</name><affiliations><json:string>Dept. of Agroecosystem Research, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany</json:string><json:string>E-mail: Holger.Fischer@uni‐hohenheim.de</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Kai‐Uwe Eckhardt</name><affiliations><json:string>Institute of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, University of Rostock, Justus‐von‐Liebig‐Weg 6, 18051 Rostock, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Axel Meyer</name><affiliations><json:string>FB VI‐Geography/Geosciences, Analytical and Ecological Chemistry, University of Trier, Universitätsring 15, 54286 Trier, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Günter Neumann</name><affiliations><json:string>Institute of Plant Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Peter Leinweber</name><affiliations><json:string>Institute of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, University of Rostock, Justus‐von‐Liebig‐Weg 6, 18051 Rostock, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Klaus Fischer</name><affiliations><json:string>FB VI‐Geography/Geosciences, Analytical and Ecological Chemistry, University of Trier, Universitätsring 15, 54286 Trier, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Yakov Kuzyakov</name><affiliations><json:string>Dept. of Agroecosystem Research, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>amino acids</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>carbohydrates</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>carboxylates</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>14C budget</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>maize</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>HPLC</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>rhizodeposition</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>composition</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Py‐FIMS</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>methods</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>JPLN200800293</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>The aim of this study was to assess differences in rhizodeposition quantity and composition from maize cropped on soil or on 1:1 (w/w) soil–sand mixture and distribution of recently assimilated C between roots, shoots, soil, soil solution, and CO2 from root respiration. Maize was labeled in 14CO2 atmosphere followed by subsequent simultaneous leaching and air flushing from soil. 14C was traced after 7.5 h in roots and shoots, soil, soil solution, and soil‐borne CO2. Rhizodeposits in the leachate of the first 2 h after labeling were identified by high‐pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and pyrolysis–field ionization mass spectrometry (Py‐FIMS). Leachate from soil–sand contained more 14C than from soil (0.6% vs. 0.4%) and more HPLC‐detectable carboxylates (4.36 vs. 2.69 μM), especially acetate and lactate. This is either because of root response to lower nutrient concentrations in the soil–sand mixture or decreasing structural integrity of the root cells during the leaching process, or because carboxylates were more strongly sorbed to the soil compared to carbohydrates and amino acids. In contrast, Py‐FIMS total ion intensity was more than 2 times higher in leachate from soil than from soil–sand, mainly due to signals from lignin monomers. HPLC‐measured concentrations of total amino acids (1.33 μM [soil] vs. 1.03 μM [soil–sand]) and total carbohydrates (0.73 vs. 0.34 μM) and 14CO2 from soil agreed with this pattern. Higher leachate concentrations from soil than from soil–sand for HPLC‐measured carbohydrates and amino acids and for the sum of substances detected by Py‐FIMS overcompensated the higher sorption in soil than in sand‐soil. A parallel treatment with blow‐out of the soil air but without leaching indicated that nearly all of the rhizodeposits in the treatment with leaching face decomposition to CO2. Simultaneous application of three methods—14C‐labeling and tracing, HPLC, and Py‐FIMS—enabled us to present the budget of rhizodeposition (14C) and to analyze individual carbohydrates, carboxylates, and amino acids (HPLC) and to scan all dissolved organic substances in soil solution (Py‐FIMS) as dependent on nutrient status.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>8</score><pdfVersion>1.3</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>595 x 794 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractCharCount>2166</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>8029</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>47758</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>13</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>317</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Rhizodeposition of maize: Short‐term carbon budget and composition</title><refBibs><json:item><author><json:item><name>A. Bacic</name></json:item><json:item><name>S. F. Moody</name></json:item><json:item><name>J. A. McComb</name></json:item><json:item><name>J. M. Hinch</name></json:item><json:item><name>A. E. 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KGaA, Weinheim</p></availability><date>2010</date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note>Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Rhizodeposition of maize: Short‐term carbon budget and composition</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">Holger</forename><surname>Fischer</surname></persName><email>Holger.Fischer@uni‐hohenheim.de</email><affiliation>Dept. of Agroecosystem Research, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">Kai‐Uwe</forename><surname>Eckhardt</surname></persName><affiliation>Institute of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, University of Rostock, Justus‐von‐Liebig‐Weg 6, 18051 Rostock, Germany</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">Axel</forename><surname>Meyer</surname></persName><affiliation>FB VI‐Geography/Geosciences, Analytical and Ecological Chemistry, University of Trier, Universitätsring 15, 54286 Trier, Germany</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-4"><persName><forename type="first">Günter</forename><surname>Neumann</surname></persName><affiliation>Institute of Plant Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-5"><persName><forename type="first">Peter</forename><surname>Leinweber</surname></persName><affiliation>Institute of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, University of Rostock, Justus‐von‐Liebig‐Weg 6, 18051 Rostock, Germany</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-6"><persName><forename type="first">Klaus</forename><surname>Fischer</surname></persName><affiliation>FB VI‐Geography/Geosciences, Analytical and Ecological Chemistry, University of Trier, Universitätsring 15, 54286 Trier, Germany</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-7"><persName><forename type="first">Yakov</forename><surname>Kuzyakov</surname></persName><affiliation>Dept. of Agroecosystem Research, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">Z. Pflanzenernähr. Bodenk.</title><idno type="pISSN">1436-8730</idno><idno type="eISSN">1522-2624</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1522-2624</idno><imprint><publisher>WILEY‐VCH Verlag</publisher><pubPlace>Weinheim</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2010-02"></date><biblScope unit="volume">173</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="67">67</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="79">79</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">168EA26325F3FE3DD581D1867E1931FBB6801487</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1002/jpln.200800293</idno><idno type="ArticleID">JPLN200800293</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2010</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The aim of this study was to assess differences in rhizodeposition quantity and composition from maize cropped on soil or on 1:1 (w/w) soil–sand mixture and distribution of recently assimilated C between roots, shoots, soil, soil solution, and CO2 from root respiration. Maize was labeled in 14CO2 atmosphere followed by subsequent simultaneous leaching and air flushing from soil. 14C was traced after 7.5 h in roots and shoots, soil, soil solution, and soil‐borne CO2. Rhizodeposits in the leachate of the first 2 h after labeling were identified by high‐pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and pyrolysis–field ionization mass spectrometry (Py‐FIMS). Leachate from soil–sand contained more 14C than from soil (0.6% vs. 0.4%) and more HPLC‐detectable carboxylates (4.36 vs. 2.69 μM), especially acetate and lactate. This is either because of root response to lower nutrient concentrations in the soil–sand mixture or decreasing structural integrity of the root cells during the leaching process, or because carboxylates were more strongly sorbed to the soil compared to carbohydrates and amino acids. In contrast, Py‐FIMS total ion intensity was more than 2 times higher in leachate from soil than from soil–sand, mainly due to signals from lignin monomers. HPLC‐measured concentrations of total amino acids (1.33 μM [soil] vs. 1.03 μM [soil–sand]) and total carbohydrates (0.73 vs. 0.34 μM) and 14CO2 from soil agreed with this pattern. Higher leachate concentrations from soil than from soil–sand for HPLC‐measured carbohydrates and amino acids and for the sum of substances detected by Py‐FIMS overcompensated the higher sorption in soil than in sand‐soil. A parallel treatment with blow‐out of the soil air but without leaching indicated that nearly all of the rhizodeposits in the treatment with leaching face decomposition to CO2. Simultaneous application of three methods—14C‐labeling and tracing, HPLC, and Py‐FIMS—enabled us to present the budget of rhizodeposition (14C) and to analyze individual carbohydrates, carboxylates, and amino acids (HPLC) and to scan all dissolved organic substances in soil solution (Py‐FIMS) as dependent on nutrient status.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>keywords</head><item><term>amino acids</term></item><item><term>carbohydrates</term></item><item><term>carboxylates</term></item><item><term>14C budget</term></item><item><term>maize</term></item><item><term>HPLC</term></item><item><term>rhizodeposition</term></item><item><term>composition</term></item><item><term>Py‐FIMS</term></item><item><term>methods</term></item></list></keywords></textClass><textClass><keywords scheme="Journal Subject"><list><head>article-category</head><item><term>Regular Article</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2009-03-25">Registration</change><change when="2010-02">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/168EA26325F3FE3DD581D1867E1931FBB6801487/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>WILEY‐VCH Verlag</publisherName><publisherLoc>Weinheim</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi registered="yes">10.1002/(ISSN)1522-2624</doi><issn type="print">1436-8730</issn><issn type="electronic">1522-2624</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="JPLN"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en" sort="JOURNAL OF PLANT NUTRITION AND SOIL SCIENCE ZEITSCHRIFT FUER PFLANZENERNAEHRUNG UND BODENKUNDE">Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science</title><title type="tocForm">Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science / Zeitschrift für Pflanzenernährung und Bodenkunde</title><title type="short">Z. Pflanzenernähr. Bodenk.</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="10"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1002/jpln.v173:1</doi><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="173">173</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue">1</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2010-02">February, 2010</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="11" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1002/jpln.200800293</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="JPLN200800293"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="13"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="articleCategory">Regular Article</title><title type="tocHeading1">Regular Articles</title></titleGroup><copyright ownership="publisher">Copyright © 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim</copyright><eventGroup><event type="manuscriptAccepted" date="2009-03-25"></event><event type="firstOnline" date="2009-12-10"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2010-02-05"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:JWSART34_TO_WML3G version:2.3.2 mode:FullText source:HeaderRef result:HeaderRef" date="2010-03-06"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.8.8" date="2014-02-01"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-10-30"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst">67</numbering><numbering type="pageLast">79</numbering></numberingGroup><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:JPLN.JPLN200800293.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="8"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="3"></count><count type="referenceTotal" number="61"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" xml:lang="en">Rhizodeposition of maize: Short‐term carbon budget and composition</title></titleGroup><creators><creator xml:id="au1" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>Holger</givenNames><familyName>Fischer</familyName></personName><contactDetails><email normalForm="Holger.Fischer@uni-hohenheim.de">Holger.Fischer@uni‐hohenheim.de</email></contactDetails></creator><creator xml:id="au2" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#a2"><personName><givenNames>Kai‐Uwe</givenNames><familyName>Eckhardt</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au3" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#a3"><personName><givenNames>Axel</givenNames><familyName>Meyer</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au4" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#a4"><personName><givenNames>Günter</givenNames><familyName>Neumann</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au5" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#a2"><personName><givenNames>Peter</givenNames><familyName>Leinweber</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au6" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#a3"><personName><givenNames>Klaus</givenNames><familyName>Fischer</familyName></personName></creator><creator xml:id="au7" creatorRole="author" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>Yakov</givenNames><familyName>Kuzyakov</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="a1" countryCode="DE" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Dept. of Agroecosystem Research, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a2" countryCode="DE" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Institute of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, University of Rostock, Justus‐von‐Liebig‐Weg 6, 18051 Rostock, Germany</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a3" countryCode="DE" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>FB VI‐Geography/Geosciences, Analytical and Ecological Chemistry, University of Trier, Universitätsring 15, 54286 Trier, Germany</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a4" countryCode="DE" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Institute of Plant Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a5" countryCode="DE" type="organization"><unparsedAffiliation>Institute of Soil Science and Land Evaluation, University of Hohenheim, Emil‐Wolff‐Str. 27, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en" type="author"><keyword xml:id="kwd1">amino acids</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd2">carbohydrates</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd3">carboxylates</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd4"><sup>14</sup>C budget</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd5">maize</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd6">HPLC</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd7">rhizodeposition</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd8">composition</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd9">Py‐FIMS</keyword><keyword xml:id="kwd10">methods</keyword></keywordGroup><fundingInfo><fundingAgency>Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)</fundingAgency></fundingInfo><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title><p>The aim of this study was to assess differences in rhizodeposition quantity and composition from maize cropped on soil or on 1:1 (w/w) soil–sand mixture and distribution of recently assimilated C between roots, shoots, soil, soil solution, and CO<sub>2</sub> from root respiration. Maize was labeled in <sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> atmosphere followed by subsequent simultaneous leaching and air flushing from soil. <sup>14</sup>C was traced after 7.5 h in roots and shoots, soil, soil solution, and soil‐borne CO<sub>2</sub>. Rhizodeposits in the leachate of the first 2 h after labeling were identified by high‐pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and pyrolysis–field ionization mass spectrometry (Py‐FIMS). Leachate from soil–sand contained more <sup>14</sup>C than from soil (0.6% <i>vs.</i> 0.4%) and more HPLC‐detectable carboxylates (4.36 <i>vs.</i> 2.69 μM), especially acetate and lactate. This is either because of root response to lower nutrient concentrations in the soil–sand mixture or decreasing structural integrity of the root cells during the leaching process, or because carboxylates were more strongly sorbed to the soil compared to carbohydrates and amino acids. In contrast, Py‐FIMS total ion intensity was more than 2 times higher in leachate from soil than from soil–sand, mainly due to signals from lignin monomers. HPLC‐measured concentrations of total amino acids (1.33 μM [soil] <i>vs.</i> 1.03 μM [soil–sand]) and total carbohydrates (0.73 <i>vs.</i> 0.34 μM) and <sup>14</sup>CO<sub>2</sub> from soil agreed with this pattern. Higher leachate concentrations from soil than from soil–sand for HPLC‐measured carbohydrates and amino acids and for the sum of substances detected by Py‐FIMS overcompensated the higher sorption in soil than in sand‐soil. A parallel treatment with blow‐out of the soil air but without leaching indicated that nearly all of the rhizodeposits in the treatment with leaching face decomposition to CO<sub>2</sub>. Simultaneous application of three methods—<sup>14</sup>C‐labeling and tracing, HPLC, and Py‐FIMS—enabled us to present the budget of rhizodeposition (<sup>14</sup>C) and to analyze individual carbohydrates, carboxylates, and amino acids (HPLC) and to scan all dissolved organic substances in soil solution (Py‐FIMS) as dependent on nutrient status.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Rhizodeposition of maize: Short‐term carbon budget and composition</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Rhizodeposition of maize: Short‐term carbon budget and composition</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Holger</namePart><namePart type="family">Fischer</namePart><affiliation>Dept. of Agroecosystem Research, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: Holger.Fischer@uni‐hohenheim.de</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Kai‐Uwe</namePart><namePart type="family">Eckhardt</namePart><affiliation>Institute of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, University of Rostock, Justus‐von‐Liebig‐Weg 6, 18051 Rostock, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Axel</namePart><namePart type="family">Meyer</namePart><affiliation>FB VI‐Geography/Geosciences, Analytical and Ecological Chemistry, University of Trier, Universitätsring 15, 54286 Trier, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Günter</namePart><namePart type="family">Neumann</namePart><affiliation>Institute of Plant Nutrition, University of Hohenheim, 70593 Stuttgart, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Peter</namePart><namePart type="family">Leinweber</namePart><affiliation>Institute of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, University of Rostock, Justus‐von‐Liebig‐Weg 6, 18051 Rostock, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Klaus</namePart><namePart type="family">Fischer</namePart><affiliation>FB VI‐Geography/Geosciences, Analytical and Ecological Chemistry, University of Trier, Universitätsring 15, 54286 Trier, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Yakov</namePart><namePart type="family">Kuzyakov</namePart><affiliation>Dept. of Agroecosystem Research, University of Bayreuth, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>WILEY‐VCH Verlag</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Weinheim</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2010-02</dateIssued><dateValid encoding="w3cdtf">2009-03-25</dateValid><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2010</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">8</extent><extent unit="tables">3</extent><extent unit="references">61</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">The aim of this study was to assess differences in rhizodeposition quantity and composition from maize cropped on soil or on 1:1 (w/w) soil–sand mixture and distribution of recently assimilated C between roots, shoots, soil, soil solution, and CO2 from root respiration. Maize was labeled in 14CO2 atmosphere followed by subsequent simultaneous leaching and air flushing from soil. 14C was traced after 7.5 h in roots and shoots, soil, soil solution, and soil‐borne CO2. Rhizodeposits in the leachate of the first 2 h after labeling were identified by high‐pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) and pyrolysis–field ionization mass spectrometry (Py‐FIMS). Leachate from soil–sand contained more 14C than from soil (0.6% vs. 0.4%) and more HPLC‐detectable carboxylates (4.36 vs. 2.69 μM), especially acetate and lactate. This is either because of root response to lower nutrient concentrations in the soil–sand mixture or decreasing structural integrity of the root cells during the leaching process, or because carboxylates were more strongly sorbed to the soil compared to carbohydrates and amino acids. In contrast, Py‐FIMS total ion intensity was more than 2 times higher in leachate from soil than from soil–sand, mainly due to signals from lignin monomers. HPLC‐measured concentrations of total amino acids (1.33 μM [soil] vs. 1.03 μM [soil–sand]) and total carbohydrates (0.73 vs. 0.34 μM) and 14CO2 from soil agreed with this pattern. Higher leachate concentrations from soil than from soil–sand for HPLC‐measured carbohydrates and amino acids and for the sum of substances detected by Py‐FIMS overcompensated the higher sorption in soil than in sand‐soil. A parallel treatment with blow‐out of the soil air but without leaching indicated that nearly all of the rhizodeposits in the treatment with leaching face decomposition to CO2. Simultaneous application of three methods—14C‐labeling and tracing, HPLC, and Py‐FIMS—enabled us to present the budget of rhizodeposition (14C) and to analyze individual carbohydrates, carboxylates, and amino acids (HPLC) and to scan all dissolved organic substances in soil solution (Py‐FIMS) as dependent on nutrient status.</abstract><note type="funding">Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG)</note><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>amino acids</topic><topic>carbohydrates</topic><topic>carboxylates</topic><topic>14C budget</topic><topic>maize</topic><topic>HPLC</topic><topic>rhizodeposition</topic><topic>composition</topic><topic>Py‐FIMS</topic><topic>methods</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>Z. Pflanzenernähr. Bodenk.</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><subject><genre>article-category</genre><topic>Regular Article</topic></subject><identifier type="ISSN">1436-8730</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1522-2624</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/(ISSN)1522-2624</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">JPLN</identifier><part><date>2010</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>173</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>1</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>67</start><end>79</end><total>13</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">168EA26325F3FE3DD581D1867E1931FBB6801487</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1002/jpln.200800293</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">JPLN200800293</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">Copyright © 2010 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. 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