Patterns and gradients of diversity in South Patagonian ombrotrophic peat bogs
Identifieur interne : 001A12 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001A11; suivant : 001A13Patterns and gradients of diversity in South Patagonian ombrotrophic peat bogs
Auteurs : Till Kleinebecker ; Norbert Hölzel ; Andreas VogelSource :
- Austral Ecology [ 1442-9985 ] ; 2010-02.
English descriptors
Abstract
Many north‐hemispherical mires seemingly untouched by drainage and cultivation are influenced by a diffuse sum of man‐made environmental changes, such as atmospherical nitrogen deposition that mask general patterns in species richness and functional group responses along resource gradients. To obtain insights into natural diversity‐environment relationships, we studied the vegetation and the peat chemistry of pristine bog ecosystems in southern Patagonia along a west–east transect across the Andes. The studied bog ecosystems covered a floristic gradient from hyperoceanic blanket bogs dominated by cushion building vascular plants via a transitional mixed type to Sphagnum‐dominated raised bogs east of the mountain range. To test the influence of resource availability on diversity patterns, species richness and functional groups were related to environmental variables by calculating general regression models and generalized additive models. Species richness showed strong linear correlations to peat chemical features and the general regression model resulted in three major environmental variables (water level, total nitrogen, NH4Cl soluble calcium), altogether explaining 76% of variance. Functional group response illustrated a clear separation along environmental gradients. Mosses dominated at the low end of a nitrogen gradient, whereas cushion plants had their optimum at intermediate levels, and graminoids dominated at high nitrogen contents. Further shifts were related to NH4Cl soluble calcium and water level. The models documented partly non‐linear relationships between functional group response and trophical peat properties. Within the three bog types, the calculated models differed remarkably illustrating the scale‐dependency of the explanatory factors. Our findings confirmed several general patterns of species richness and functional shifts along resource gradients in a surprisingly clear way and underpin the significance of undisturbed peatlands as reference systems for testing of ecological theory and for conservation and ecological restoration in landscapes with strong human impact.
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DOI: 10.1111/j.1442-9993.2009.02003.x
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Many north‐hemispherical mires seemingly untouched by drainage and cultivation are influenced by a diffuse sum of man‐made environmental changes, such as atmospherical nitrogen deposition that mask general patterns in species richness and functional group responses along resource gradients. To obtain insights into natural diversity‐environment relationships, we studied the vegetation and the peat chemistry of pristine bog ecosystems in southern Patagonia along a west–east transect across the Andes. The studied bog ecosystems covered a floristic gradient from hyperoceanic blanket bogs dominated by cushion building vascular plants via a transitional mixed type to Sphagnum‐dominated raised bogs east of the mountain range. To test the influence of resource availability on diversity patterns, species richness and functional groups were related to environmental variables by calculating general regression models and generalized additive models. Species richness showed strong linear correlations to peat chemical features and the general regression model resulted in three major environmental variables (water level, total nitrogen, NH4Cl soluble calcium), altogether explaining 76% of variance. Functional group response illustrated a clear separation along environmental gradients. Mosses dominated at the low end of a nitrogen gradient, whereas cushion plants had their optimum at intermediate levels, and graminoids dominated at high nitrogen contents. Further shifts were related to NH4Cl soluble calcium and water level. The models documented partly non‐linear relationships between functional group response and trophical peat properties. Within the three bog types, the calculated models differed remarkably illustrating the scale‐dependency of the explanatory factors. Our findings confirmed several general patterns of species richness and functional shifts along resource gradients in a surprisingly clear way and underpin the significance of undisturbed peatlands as reference systems for testing of ecological theory and for conservation and ecological restoration in landscapes with strong human impact.</div>
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<abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Many north‐hemispherical mires seemingly untouched by drainage and cultivation are influenced by a diffuse sum of man‐made environmental changes, such as atmospherical nitrogen deposition that mask general patterns in species richness and functional group responses along resource gradients. To obtain insights into natural diversity‐environment relationships, we studied the vegetation and the peat chemistry of pristine bog ecosystems in southern Patagonia along a west–east transect across the Andes. The studied bog ecosystems covered a floristic gradient from hyperoceanic blanket bogs dominated by cushion building vascular plants via a transitional mixed type to Sphagnum‐dominated raised bogs east of the mountain range. To test the influence of resource availability on diversity patterns, species richness and functional groups were related to environmental variables by calculating general regression models and generalized additive models. Species richness showed strong linear correlations to peat chemical features and the general regression model resulted in three major environmental variables (water level, total nitrogen, NH4Cl soluble calcium), altogether explaining 76% of variance. Functional group response illustrated a clear separation along environmental gradients. Mosses dominated at the low end of a nitrogen gradient, whereas cushion plants had their optimum at intermediate levels, and graminoids dominated at high nitrogen contents. Further shifts were related to NH4Cl soluble calcium and water level. The models documented partly non‐linear relationships between functional group response and trophical peat properties. Within the three bog types, the calculated models differed remarkably illustrating the scale‐dependency of the explanatory factors. Our findings confirmed several general patterns of species richness and functional shifts along resource gradients in a surprisingly clear way and underpin the significance of undisturbed peatlands as reference systems for testing of ecological theory and for conservation and ecological restoration in landscapes with strong human impact.</p>
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<title type="short">DIVERSITY IN SOUTH PATAGONIAN BOGS</title>
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<p>Many north‐hemispherical mires seemingly untouched by drainage and cultivation are influenced by a diffuse sum of man‐made environmental changes, such as atmospherical nitrogen deposition that mask general patterns in species richness and functional group responses along resource gradients. To obtain insights into natural diversity‐environment relationships, we studied the vegetation and the peat chemistry of pristine bog ecosystems in southern Patagonia along a west–east transect across the Andes. The studied bog ecosystems covered a floristic gradient from hyperoceanic blanket bogs dominated by cushion building vascular plants via a transitional mixed type to <i>Sphagnum</i>
‐dominated raised bogs east of the mountain range. To test the influence of resource availability on diversity patterns, species richness and functional groups were related to environmental variables by calculating general regression models and generalized additive models. Species richness showed strong linear correlations to peat chemical features and the general regression model resulted in three major environmental variables (water level, total nitrogen, NH<sub>4</sub>
Cl soluble calcium), altogether explaining 76% of variance. Functional group response illustrated a clear separation along environmental gradients. Mosses dominated at the low end of a nitrogen gradient, whereas cushion plants had their optimum at intermediate levels, and graminoids dominated at high nitrogen contents. Further shifts were related to NH<sub>4</sub>
Cl soluble calcium and water level. The models documented partly non‐linear relationships between functional group response and trophical peat properties. Within the three bog types, the calculated models differed remarkably illustrating the scale‐dependency of the explanatory factors. Our findings confirmed several general patterns of species richness and functional shifts along resource gradients in a surprisingly clear way and underpin the significance of undisturbed peatlands as reference systems for testing of ecological theory and for conservation and ecological restoration in landscapes with strong human impact.</p>
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<mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Patterns and gradients of diversity in South Patagonian ombrotrophic peat bogs</title>
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<titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>DIVERSITY IN SOUTH PATAGONIAN BOGS</title>
</titleInfo>
<titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Patterns and gradients of diversity in South Patagonian ombrotrophic peat bogs</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">TILL</namePart>
<namePart type="family">KLEINEBECKER</namePart>
<affiliation>Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Robert‐Koch‐Straße 26, 48149 Münster, Germany (Email: tillhan@uni‐muenster.de)</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
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</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">NORBERT</namePart>
<namePart type="family">HÖLZEL</namePart>
<affiliation>Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Robert‐Koch‐Straße 26, 48149 Münster, Germany (Email: tillhan@uni‐muenster.de)</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">ANDREAS</namePart>
<namePart type="family">VOGEL</namePart>
<affiliation>Institute of Landscape Ecology, University of Münster, Robert‐Koch‐Straße 26, 48149 Münster, Germany (Email: tillhan@uni‐muenster.de)</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
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<originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Asia</publisher>
<place><placeTerm type="text">Melbourne, Australia</placeTerm>
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<dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2010-02</dateIssued>
<edition>Accepted for publication November 2008.</edition>
<copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2010</copyrightDate>
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<languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm>
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<extent unit="tables">2</extent>
<extent unit="references">56</extent>
<extent unit="words">6927</extent>
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<abstract lang="en">Many north‐hemispherical mires seemingly untouched by drainage and cultivation are influenced by a diffuse sum of man‐made environmental changes, such as atmospherical nitrogen deposition that mask general patterns in species richness and functional group responses along resource gradients. To obtain insights into natural diversity‐environment relationships, we studied the vegetation and the peat chemistry of pristine bog ecosystems in southern Patagonia along a west–east transect across the Andes. The studied bog ecosystems covered a floristic gradient from hyperoceanic blanket bogs dominated by cushion building vascular plants via a transitional mixed type to Sphagnum‐dominated raised bogs east of the mountain range. To test the influence of resource availability on diversity patterns, species richness and functional groups were related to environmental variables by calculating general regression models and generalized additive models. Species richness showed strong linear correlations to peat chemical features and the general regression model resulted in three major environmental variables (water level, total nitrogen, NH4Cl soluble calcium), altogether explaining 76% of variance. Functional group response illustrated a clear separation along environmental gradients. Mosses dominated at the low end of a nitrogen gradient, whereas cushion plants had their optimum at intermediate levels, and graminoids dominated at high nitrogen contents. Further shifts were related to NH4Cl soluble calcium and water level. The models documented partly non‐linear relationships between functional group response and trophical peat properties. Within the three bog types, the calculated models differed remarkably illustrating the scale‐dependency of the explanatory factors. Our findings confirmed several general patterns of species richness and functional shifts along resource gradients in a surprisingly clear way and underpin the significance of undisturbed peatlands as reference systems for testing of ecological theory and for conservation and ecological restoration in landscapes with strong human impact.</abstract>
<subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre>
<topic>biogeochemistry</topic>
<topic>cushion bog</topic>
<topic>functional group</topic>
<topic>ombrotrophic</topic>
<topic>species richness</topic>
<topic>Sphagnum</topic>
</subject>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Austral Ecology</title>
</titleInfo>
<genre type="journal">journal</genre>
<identifier type="ISSN">1442-9985</identifier>
<identifier type="eISSN">1442-9993</identifier>
<identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1442-9993</identifier>
<identifier type="PublisherID">AEC</identifier>
<part><date>2010</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>35</number>
</detail>
<detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption>
<number>1</number>
</detail>
<extent unit="pages"><start>1</start>
<end>12</end>
<total>12</total>
</extent>
</part>
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<identifier type="DOI">10.1111/j.1442-9993.2009.02003.x</identifier>
<identifier type="ArticleID">AEC2003</identifier>
<accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">© 2009 The Authors. Journal compilation © 2010 Ecological Society of Australia</accessCondition>
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<recordOrigin>Blackwell Publishing Asia</recordOrigin>
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