Pavlovian conditioning of immune function: animal investigation and the challenge of human application
Identifieur interne : 001372 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001371; suivant : 001373Pavlovian conditioning of immune function: animal investigation and the challenge of human application
Auteurs : Michael S. Exton ; Anne Kristin Von Auer ; Angelika Buske-Kirschbaum ; Ursula Stockhorst ; Ulrich Göbel ; Manfred SchedlowskiSource :
- Behavioural Brain Research [ 0166-4328 ] ; 2000.
English descriptors
Abstract
Pavlovian conditioning of immune functions provided early impetus to the rapidly expanding knowledge of bi-directional communication among the immune, endocrine, and central nervous systems. Since these early investigations, the phenomenology of this response has been well characterized. However the neural mechanisms and biological relevance of conditioned immunomodulation remain unclear. To this end, we present here data from our laboratories that have: (1) revealed some of the neural mechanisms and biological relevance of an animal model of conditioned immunomodulation; (2) demonstrated the conditionability and potential mechanisms of conditioned immune responses in healthy humans, and (3) investigated conditioned immunomodulation in a clinical sample. Together, these data demonstrate that animal models provide a basis for investigating mechanisms whereby conditioned changes in immune function may modulate health status in a clinical realm.
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DOI: 10.1016/S0166-4328(99)00191-6
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ISTEX:1461CF819CB8832BA9C0AB1104B0F9386F240C89Le document en format XML
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Exton</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: michael.exton@uni-essen.de</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute for Medical Psychology, University of Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122, Essen, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Von Auer, Anne Kristin" sort="Von Auer, Anne Kristin" uniqKey="Von Auer A" first="Anne Kristin" last="Von Auer">Anne Kristin Von Auer</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Center for Psychobiological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Dietrichstraße 10-11, 54290, Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buske Kirschbaum, Angelika" sort="Buske Kirschbaum, Angelika" uniqKey="Buske Kirschbaum A" first="Angelika" last="Buske-Kirschbaum">Angelika Buske-Kirschbaum</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Center for Psychobiological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Dietrichstraße 10-11, 54290, Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stockhorst, Ursula" sort="Stockhorst, Ursula" uniqKey="Stockhorst U" first="Ursula" last="Stockhorst">Ursula Stockhorst</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Medical Psychology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, PO Box 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gobel, Ulrich" sort="Gobel, Ulrich" uniqKey="Gobel U" first="Ulrich" last="Göbel">Ulrich Göbel</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Clinic of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, PO Box 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schedlowski, Manfred" sort="Schedlowski, Manfred" uniqKey="Schedlowski M" first="Manfred" last="Schedlowski">Manfred Schedlowski</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute for Medical Psychology, University of Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122, Essen, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:1461CF819CB8832BA9C0AB1104B0F9386F240C89</idno><date when="2000" year="2000">2000</date><idno type="doi">10.1016/S0166-4328(99)00191-6</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/1461CF819CB8832BA9C0AB1104B0F9386F240C89/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">001372</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Istex" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="ISTEX">001372</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Pavlovian conditioning of immune function: animal investigation and the challenge of human application</title><author><name sortKey="Exton, Michael S" sort="Exton, Michael S" uniqKey="Exton M" first="Michael S." last="Exton">Michael S. Exton</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: michael.exton@uni-essen.de</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute for Medical Psychology, University of Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122, Essen, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Von Auer, Anne Kristin" sort="Von Auer, Anne Kristin" uniqKey="Von Auer A" first="Anne Kristin" last="Von Auer">Anne Kristin Von Auer</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Center for Psychobiological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Dietrichstraße 10-11, 54290, Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Buske Kirschbaum, Angelika" sort="Buske Kirschbaum, Angelika" uniqKey="Buske Kirschbaum A" first="Angelika" last="Buske-Kirschbaum">Angelika Buske-Kirschbaum</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Center for Psychobiological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Dietrichstraße 10-11, 54290, Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Stockhorst, Ursula" sort="Stockhorst, Ursula" uniqKey="Stockhorst U" first="Ursula" last="Stockhorst">Ursula Stockhorst</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute of Medical Psychology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, PO Box 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gobel, Ulrich" sort="Gobel, Ulrich" uniqKey="Gobel U" first="Ulrich" last="Göbel">Ulrich Göbel</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Clinic of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, PO Box 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schedlowski, Manfred" sort="Schedlowski, Manfred" uniqKey="Schedlowski M" first="Manfred" last="Schedlowski">Manfred Schedlowski</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Institute for Medical Psychology, University of Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122, Essen, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Behavioural Brain Research</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">BBR</title><idno type="ISSN">0166-4328</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="2000">2000</date><biblScope unit="volume">110</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1–2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="129">129</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="141">141</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0166-4328</idno></series><idno type="istex">1461CF819CB8832BA9C0AB1104B0F9386F240C89</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/S0166-4328(99)00191-6</idno><idno type="PII">S0166-4328(99)00191-6</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0166-4328</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Behavioral conditioning</term><term>Human</term><term>Psychoneuroimmunology</term><term>Rat</term><term>Sympathetic nervous system</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Pavlovian conditioning of immune functions provided early impetus to the rapidly expanding knowledge of bi-directional communication among the immune, endocrine, and central nervous systems. Since these early investigations, the phenomenology of this response has been well characterized. However the neural mechanisms and biological relevance of conditioned immunomodulation remain unclear. To this end, we present here data from our laboratories that have: (1) revealed some of the neural mechanisms and biological relevance of an animal model of conditioned immunomodulation; (2) demonstrated the conditionability and potential mechanisms of conditioned immune responses in healthy humans, and (3) investigated conditioned immunomodulation in a clinical sample. Together, these data demonstrate that animal models provide a basis for investigating mechanisms whereby conditioned changes in immune function may modulate health status in a clinical realm.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>elsevier</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Michael S. Exton</name><affiliations><json:string>E-mail: michael.exton@uni-essen.de</json:string><json:string>Institute for Medical Psychology, University of Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122, Essen, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Anne Kristin von Auer</name><affiliations><json:string>Center for Psychobiological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Dietrichstraße 10-11, 54290, Trier, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Angelika Buske-Kirschbaum</name><affiliations><json:string>Center for Psychobiological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Dietrichstraße 10-11, 54290, Trier, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Ursula Stockhorst</name><affiliations><json:string>Institute of Medical Psychology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, PO Box 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Ulrich Göbel</name><affiliations><json:string>Clinic of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, PO Box 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Manfred Schedlowski</name><affiliations><json:string>Institute for Medical Psychology, University of Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122, Essen, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Behavioral conditioning</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Psychoneuroimmunology</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Rat</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Human</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Sympathetic nervous system</value></json:item></subject><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>Full-length article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Pavlovian conditioning of immune functions provided early impetus to the rapidly expanding knowledge of bi-directional communication among the immune, endocrine, and central nervous systems. Since these early investigations, the phenomenology of this response has been well characterized. However the neural mechanisms and biological relevance of conditioned immunomodulation remain unclear. To this end, we present here data from our laboratories that have: (1) revealed some of the neural mechanisms and biological relevance of an animal model of conditioned immunomodulation; (2) demonstrated the conditionability and potential mechanisms of conditioned immune responses in healthy humans, and (3) investigated conditioned immunomodulation in a clinical sample. Together, these data demonstrate that animal models provide a basis for investigating mechanisms whereby conditioned changes in immune function may modulate health status in a clinical realm.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>6.536</score><pdfVersion>1.2</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>552 x 768 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><keywordCount>5</keywordCount><abstractCharCount>956</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>7418</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>48650</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>13</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>128</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Pavlovian conditioning of immune function: animal investigation and the challenge of human application</title><pii><json:string>S0166-4328(99)00191-6</json:string></pii><refBibs><json:item><author><json:item><name>R. Ader</name></json:item><json:item><name>N. Cohen</name></json:item></author><host><volume>37</volume><pages><last>340</last><first>333</first></pages><author></author><title>Psychosom. 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Animals received three CS-UCS pairings, followed by three CS reexposures. Animals were sacrificed one hour following the third CS reexposure, with blood and organs removed for immunological analysis.</note><note type="content">Fig. 2: Conditioning produces a reduction in splenocyte proliferation (A) and IL-2 production (B) which approaches that effected by cyclosporin administration. Surgical denervation of the spleen blocks the reduced proliferation and cytokine production in conditioned animals, but not in cyclosporin treated rats (C and D). **P<0.01, ***P<0.001.</note><note type="content">Fig. 3: (A) Conditioning prolongs the survival time of heart allografts in the rat to a similar magnitude as that achieved by short-course CsA treatment. (B) The addition of sub-therapeutic CsA regime to each group further improves graft survival in conditioned animals only. Importantly, the combination of conditioning and sub-therapeutic CsA therapy produced long-term survival (>100 days) in 20% of animals. Furthermore, the conditioned prolongation of graft survival was completely blocked by prior surgical denervation of the spleen.</note><note type="content">Fig. 4: Modulation of NK cell activity (NKCA, in % lysis; effector:target ratio=50:1) in the conditioned group (CS+), UCS control group (UCS), unpaired control group (NC) and saline control group (Sal) five min before and 20 min following CS reexposure (*P<0.05).</note><note type="content">Fig. 5: Modulation of the percentage of NK cells following presentation of the CS+ and CS− on acquisition day 3 and 8 (A) and on test days 11, 12 and 13 (B). *P<0.05; **P<0.01.</note><note type="content">Fig. 6: Study paradigm. Cycle A and Cycle B represent two consecutive chemotherapeutic cycles. ANV was measured on 2 days (day −2, day −1) prior to the start of a chemotherapeutic cycle. The chemotherapy cycle commenced on day 0. PNV was monitored over 2 days (day +1, day +2) following completion of the cycle. Blood was drawn in cycle B at day −2 (home environment) and at day 0 (hospital) prior to infusion onset. CS, conditioned stimulus; UCS, unconditioned stimulus.</note><note type="content">Table 1: Experimental protocol for the conditioning of NK cell activity in healthy humansa</note><note type="content">Table 2: Inclusion criteria for conditioning in pediatric cancer patients</note><note type="content">Table 3: NK cell activity (NKCA) and plasma cytokine (IFN-γ, IL-1β) concentrations in ANV+ and ANV− patients, measured in the home and in hospital</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Pavlovian conditioning of immune function: animal investigation and the challenge of human application</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">Michael S.</forename><surname>Exton</surname></persName><email>michael.exton@uni-essen.de</email><note type="correspondence"><p>Corresponding author. Tel.: +49-201-7234505; fax: +49-201-7235948</p></note><affiliation>Institute for Medical Psychology, University of Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122, Essen, Germany</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">Anne Kristin</forename><surname>von Auer</surname></persName><affiliation>Center for Psychobiological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Dietrichstraße 10-11, 54290, Trier, Germany</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">Angelika</forename><surname>Buske-Kirschbaum</surname></persName><affiliation>Center for Psychobiological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Dietrichstraße 10-11, 54290, Trier, Germany</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-4"><persName><forename type="first">Ursula</forename><surname>Stockhorst</surname></persName><affiliation>Institute of Medical Psychology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, PO Box 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-5"><persName><forename type="first">Ulrich</forename><surname>Göbel</surname></persName><affiliation>Clinic of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, PO Box 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-6"><persName><forename type="first">Manfred</forename><surname>Schedlowski</surname></persName><affiliation>Institute for Medical Psychology, University of Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122, Essen, Germany</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Behavioural Brain Research</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">BBR</title><idno type="pISSN">0166-4328</idno><idno type="PII">S0166-4328(00)X0063-0</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="2000"></date><biblScope unit="volume">110</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">1–2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="129">129</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="141">141</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">1461CF819CB8832BA9C0AB1104B0F9386F240C89</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/S0166-4328(99)00191-6</idno><idno type="PII">S0166-4328(99)00191-6</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2000</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Pavlovian conditioning of immune functions provided early impetus to the rapidly expanding knowledge of bi-directional communication among the immune, endocrine, and central nervous systems. Since these early investigations, the phenomenology of this response has been well characterized. However the neural mechanisms and biological relevance of conditioned immunomodulation remain unclear. To this end, we present here data from our laboratories that have: (1) revealed some of the neural mechanisms and biological relevance of an animal model of conditioned immunomodulation; (2) demonstrated the conditionability and potential mechanisms of conditioned immune responses in healthy humans, and (3) investigated conditioned immunomodulation in a clinical sample. Together, these data demonstrate that animal models provide a basis for investigating mechanisms whereby conditioned changes in immune function may modulate health status in a clinical realm.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Keywords</head><item><term>Behavioral conditioning</term></item><item><term>Psychoneuroimmunology</term></item><item><term>Rat</term></item><item><term>Human</term></item><item><term>Sympathetic nervous system</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2000">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/1461CF819CB8832BA9C0AB1104B0F9386F240C89/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Elsevier, elements deleted: ce:floats; body; tail"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//ES//DTD journal article DTD version 4.5.2//EN//XML" URI="art452.dtd" name="istex:docType"><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr1" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr1"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr2" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr2"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr3" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr3"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr4" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr4"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr5" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr5"></istex:entity><istex:entity SYSTEM="gr6" NDATA="IMAGE" name="gr6"></istex:entity></istex:docType><istex:document><converted-article version="4.5.2" docsubtype="fla" xml:lang="en"><item-info><jid>BBR</jid><aid>2801</aid><ce:pii>S0166-4328(99)00191-6</ce:pii><ce:doi>10.1016/S0166-4328(99)00191-6</ce:doi><ce:copyright type="full-transfer" year="2000">Elsevier Science B.V.</ce:copyright></item-info><head><ce:title>Pavlovian conditioning of immune function: animal investigation and the challenge of human application</ce:title><ce:author-group><ce:author><ce:given-name>Michael S.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Exton</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF1"><ce:sup>a</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref><ce:cross-ref refid="CORR1">*</ce:cross-ref><ce:e-address>michael.exton@uni-essen.de</ce:e-address></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>Anne Kristin</ce:given-name><ce:surname>von Auer</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF2"><ce:sup>b</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>Angelika</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Buske-Kirschbaum</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF2"><ce:sup>b</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>Ursula</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Stockhorst</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF3"><ce:sup>c</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>Ulrich</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Göbel</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF4"><ce:sup>d</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>Manfred</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Schedlowski</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF1"><ce:sup>a</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:affiliation id="AFF1"><ce:label>a</ce:label><ce:textfn>Institute for Medical Psychology, University of Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122, Essen, Germany</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:affiliation id="AFF2"><ce:label>b</ce:label><ce:textfn>Center for Psychobiological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Dietrichstraße 10-11, 54290, Trier, Germany</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:affiliation id="AFF3"><ce:label>c</ce:label><ce:textfn>Institute of Medical Psychology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, PO Box 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:affiliation id="AFF4"><ce:label>d</ce:label><ce:textfn>Clinic of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, PO Box 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:correspondence id="CORR1"><ce:label>*</ce:label><ce:text>Corresponding author. Tel.: +49-201-7234505; fax: +49-201-7235948</ce:text></ce:correspondence></ce:author-group><ce:date-accepted day="25" month="11" year="1999"></ce:date-accepted><ce:abstract><ce:section-title>Abstract</ce:section-title><ce:abstract-sec><ce:simple-para>Pavlovian conditioning of immune functions provided early impetus to the rapidly expanding knowledge of bi-directional communication among the immune, endocrine, and central nervous systems. Since these early investigations, the phenomenology of this response has been well characterized. However the neural mechanisms and biological relevance of conditioned immunomodulation remain unclear. To this end, we present here data from our laboratories that have: (1) revealed some of the neural mechanisms and biological relevance of an animal model of conditioned immunomodulation; (2) demonstrated the conditionability and potential mechanisms of conditioned immune responses in healthy humans, and (3) investigated conditioned immunomodulation in a clinical sample. Together, these data demonstrate that animal models provide a basis for investigating mechanisms whereby conditioned changes in immune function may modulate health status in a clinical realm.</ce:simple-para></ce:abstract-sec></ce:abstract><ce:keywords class="keyword"><ce:section-title>Keywords</ce:section-title><ce:keyword><ce:text>Behavioral conditioning</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Psychoneuroimmunology</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Rat</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Human</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Sympathetic nervous system</ce:text></ce:keyword></ce:keywords></head></converted-article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Pavlovian conditioning of immune function: animal investigation and the challenge of human application</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" lang="en" contentType="CDATA"><title>Pavlovian conditioning of immune function: animal investigation and the challenge of human application</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Michael S.</namePart><namePart type="family">Exton</namePart><affiliation>E-mail: michael.exton@uni-essen.de</affiliation><affiliation>Institute for Medical Psychology, University of Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122, Essen, Germany</affiliation><description>Corresponding author. Tel.: +49-201-7234505; fax: +49-201-7235948</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Anne Kristin</namePart><namePart type="family">von Auer</namePart><affiliation>Center for Psychobiological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Dietrichstraße 10-11, 54290, Trier, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Angelika</namePart><namePart type="family">Buske-Kirschbaum</namePart><affiliation>Center for Psychobiological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Dietrichstraße 10-11, 54290, Trier, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Ursula</namePart><namePart type="family">Stockhorst</namePart><affiliation>Institute of Medical Psychology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, PO Box 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Ulrich</namePart><namePart type="family">Göbel</namePart><affiliation>Clinic of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, PO Box 101007, 40001, Düsseldorf, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Manfred</namePart><namePart type="family">Schedlowski</namePart><affiliation>Institute for Medical Psychology, University of Essen, Hufelandstraße 55, 45122, Essen, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="Full-length article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2000</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2000</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Pavlovian conditioning of immune functions provided early impetus to the rapidly expanding knowledge of bi-directional communication among the immune, endocrine, and central nervous systems. Since these early investigations, the phenomenology of this response has been well characterized. However the neural mechanisms and biological relevance of conditioned immunomodulation remain unclear. To this end, we present here data from our laboratories that have: (1) revealed some of the neural mechanisms and biological relevance of an animal model of conditioned immunomodulation; (2) demonstrated the conditionability and potential mechanisms of conditioned immune responses in healthy humans, and (3) investigated conditioned immunomodulation in a clinical sample. Together, these data demonstrate that animal models provide a basis for investigating mechanisms whereby conditioned changes in immune function may modulate health status in a clinical realm.</abstract><note type="content">Fig. 1: Conditioned immunomodulation in the rat: conditioning paradigm and experimental groups. Animals received three CS-UCS pairings, followed by three CS reexposures. Animals were sacrificed one hour following the third CS reexposure, with blood and organs removed for immunological analysis.</note><note type="content">Fig. 2: Conditioning produces a reduction in splenocyte proliferation (A) and IL-2 production (B) which approaches that effected by cyclosporin administration. Surgical denervation of the spleen blocks the reduced proliferation and cytokine production in conditioned animals, but not in cyclosporin treated rats (C and D). **P<0.01, ***P<0.001.</note><note type="content">Fig. 3: (A) Conditioning prolongs the survival time of heart allografts in the rat to a similar magnitude as that achieved by short-course CsA treatment. (B) The addition of sub-therapeutic CsA regime to each group further improves graft survival in conditioned animals only. Importantly, the combination of conditioning and sub-therapeutic CsA therapy produced long-term survival (>100 days) in 20% of animals. Furthermore, the conditioned prolongation of graft survival was completely blocked by prior surgical denervation of the spleen.</note><note type="content">Fig. 4: Modulation of NK cell activity (NKCA, in % lysis; effector:target ratio=50:1) in the conditioned group (CS+), UCS control group (UCS), unpaired control group (NC) and saline control group (Sal) five min before and 20 min following CS reexposure (*P<0.05).</note><note type="content">Fig. 5: Modulation of the percentage of NK cells following presentation of the CS+ and CS− on acquisition day 3 and 8 (A) and on test days 11, 12 and 13 (B). *P<0.05; **P<0.01.</note><note type="content">Fig. 6: Study paradigm. Cycle A and Cycle B represent two consecutive chemotherapeutic cycles. ANV was measured on 2 days (day −2, day −1) prior to the start of a chemotherapeutic cycle. The chemotherapy cycle commenced on day 0. PNV was monitored over 2 days (day +1, day +2) following completion of the cycle. Blood was drawn in cycle B at day −2 (home environment) and at day 0 (hospital) prior to infusion onset. CS, conditioned stimulus; UCS, unconditioned stimulus.</note><note type="content">Table 1: Experimental protocol for the conditioning of NK cell activity in healthy humansa</note><note type="content">Table 2: Inclusion criteria for conditioning in pediatric cancer patients</note><note type="content">Table 3: NK cell activity (NKCA) and plasma cytokine (IFN-γ, IL-1β) concentrations in ANV+ and ANV− patients, measured in the home and in hospital</note><subject lang="en"><genre>Keywords</genre><topic>Behavioral conditioning</topic><topic>Psychoneuroimmunology</topic><topic>Rat</topic><topic>Human</topic><topic>Sympathetic nervous system</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Behavioural Brain Research</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>BBR</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><originInfo><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">200006</dateIssued></originInfo><identifier type="ISSN">0166-4328</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0166-4328(00)X0063-0</identifier><part><date>200006</date><detail type="volume"><number>110</number><caption>vol.</caption></detail><detail type="issue"><number>1–2</number><caption>no.</caption></detail><extent unit="issue pages"><start>1</start><end>188</end></extent><extent unit="pages"><start>129</start><end>141</end></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">1461CF819CB8832BA9C0AB1104B0F9386F240C89</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1016/S0166-4328(99)00191-6</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0166-4328(99)00191-6</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">©2000 Elsevier Science B.V.</accessCondition><recordInfo><recordContentSource>ELSEVIER</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Elsevier Science B.V., ©2000</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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