The cortisol response to awakening in relation to different challenge tests and a 12-hour cortisol rhythm
Identifieur interne : 000B84 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000B83; suivant : 000B85The cortisol response to awakening in relation to different challenge tests and a 12-hour cortisol rhythm
Auteurs : A. Schmidt-Reinwald ; J. C. Pruessner ; D. H. Hellhammer ; I. Federenko ; N. Rohleder ; T. H. Schürmeyer ; C. KirschbaumSource :
- Life Sciences [ 0024-3205 ] ; 1999.
Abstract
Recent studies have shown that cortisol levels rapidly increase within the first 30 minutes after awakening. This response is rather robust over weeks or months and is altered by chronic stress and burnout. The present study investigated to what extent the cortisol response to awakening relates to responses following hCRH, ACTH1–24, or psychosocial stress challenges in 22 healthy subjects. Furthermore, a 12-hour circadian cortisol profile was obtained to compare the morning response with cortisol levels obtained throughout the day. Results show that the morning cortisol response was of similar magnitude to that following injection of 1 μg/kg h-CRH or exposure to a brief psychosocial Stressor (TSST). All of these were significantly smaller compared to maximal stimulation of the adrenal cortex by ACTH1–24. Correlation analyses revealed that the morning cortisol response was closely related only to the cortisol response following 0.25 mg ACTH1–24 (r = 0.63, p = 0.002). We conclude that the morning cortisol response to awakening can provide important information on the (re)activity of the HPA axis in addition to more ‘traditional’ methods like hCRH or Synacthen challenge tests. The sensitivity/capacity of the adrenal cortex appears to play a crucial role for the magnitude of cortisol responses observed after awakening.
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DOI: 10.1016/S0024-3205(99)00103-4
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Schmidt-Reinwald</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Center for Psycho-biological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Pruessner, J C" sort="Pruessner, J C" uniqKey="Pruessner J" first="J. C." last="Pruessner">J. C. Pruessner</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Center for Psycho-biological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hellhammer, D H" sort="Hellhammer, D H" uniqKey="Hellhammer D" first="D. H." last="Hellhammer">D. H. Hellhammer</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Center for Psycho-biological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Federenko, I" sort="Federenko, I" uniqKey="Federenko I" first="I." last="Federenko">I. Federenko</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Center for Psycho-biological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Rohleder, N" sort="Rohleder, N" uniqKey="Rohleder N" first="N." last="Rohleder">N. Rohleder</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Center for Psycho-biological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Schurmeyer, T H" sort="Schurmeyer, T H" uniqKey="Schurmeyer T" first="T. H." last="Schürmeyer">T. H. Schürmeyer</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Center for Psycho-biological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kirschbaum, C" sort="Kirschbaum, C" uniqKey="Kirschbaum C" first="C." last="Kirschbaum">C. Kirschbaum</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Center for Psycho-biological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Germany</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: Kirschba@uni-trier.de</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Life Sciences</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">LFS</title><idno type="ISSN">0024-3205</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="1999">1999</date><biblScope unit="volume">64</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">18</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="1653">1653</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="1660">1660</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0024-3205</idno></series><idno type="istex">EFA8177945F3FC982B280B7380739ED3F203C358</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/S0024-3205(99)00103-4</idno><idno type="PII">S0024-3205(99)00103-4</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0024-3205</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Recent studies have shown that cortisol levels rapidly increase within the first 30 minutes after awakening. This response is rather robust over weeks or months and is altered by chronic stress and burnout. The present study investigated to what extent the cortisol response to awakening relates to responses following hCRH, ACTH1–24, or psychosocial stress challenges in 22 healthy subjects. Furthermore, a 12-hour circadian cortisol profile was obtained to compare the morning response with cortisol levels obtained throughout the day. Results show that the morning cortisol response was of similar magnitude to that following injection of 1 μg/kg h-CRH or exposure to a brief psychosocial Stressor (TSST). All of these were significantly smaller compared to maximal stimulation of the adrenal cortex by ACTH1–24. Correlation analyses revealed that the morning cortisol response was closely related only to the cortisol response following 0.25 mg ACTH1–24 (r = 0.63, p = 0.002). We conclude that the morning cortisol response to awakening can provide important information on the (re)activity of the HPA axis in addition to more ‘traditional’ methods like hCRH or Synacthen challenge tests. The sensitivity/capacity of the adrenal cortex appears to play a crucial role for the magnitude of cortisol responses observed after awakening.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>elsevier</corpusName><author><json:item><name>A. Schmidt-Reinwald</name><affiliations><json:string>Center for Psycho-biological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>J.C. Pruessner</name><affiliations><json:string>Center for Psycho-biological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>D.H. Hellhammer</name><affiliations><json:string>Center for Psycho-biological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>I. Federenko</name><affiliations><json:string>Center for Psycho-biological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>N. Rohleder</name><affiliations><json:string>Center for Psycho-biological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>T.H. Schürmeyer</name><affiliations><json:string>Center for Psycho-biological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Germany</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>C. Kirschbaum</name><affiliations><json:string>Center for Psycho-biological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Germany</json:string><json:string>E-mail: Kirschba@uni-trier.de</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>stress</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>HPA axis</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>CRH test</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Synacthen</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Trier Social Stress Test</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>saliva</value></json:item></subject><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>Full-length article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>Recent studies have shown that cortisol levels rapidly increase within the first 30 minutes after awakening. This response is rather robust over weeks or months and is altered by chronic stress and burnout. The present study investigated to what extent the cortisol response to awakening relates to responses following hCRH, ACTH1–24, or psychosocial stress challenges in 22 healthy subjects. Furthermore, a 12-hour circadian cortisol profile was obtained to compare the morning response with cortisol levels obtained throughout the day. Results show that the morning cortisol response was of similar magnitude to that following injection of 1 μg/kg h-CRH or exposure to a brief psychosocial Stressor (TSST). All of these were significantly smaller compared to maximal stimulation of the adrenal cortex by ACTH1–24. Correlation analyses revealed that the morning cortisol response was closely related only to the cortisol response following 0.25 mg ACTH1–24 (r = 0.63, p = 0.002). We conclude that the morning cortisol response to awakening can provide important information on the (re)activity of the HPA axis in addition to more ‘traditional’ methods like hCRH or Synacthen challenge tests. The sensitivity/capacity of the adrenal cortex appears to play a crucial role for the magnitude of cortisol responses observed after awakening.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>4.721</score><pdfVersion>1.2</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>468 x 720 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><keywordCount>6</keywordCount><abstractCharCount>1336</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>2309</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>14855</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>8</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>201</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>The cortisol response to awakening in relation to different challenge tests and a 12-hour cortisol rhythm</title><pii><json:string>S0024-3205(99)00103-4</json:string></pii><refBibs><json:item><host><volume>36</volume><pages><last>1058</last><first>1058</first></pages><author></author><title>J. Clin. Endocrinol. Metab.</title></host></json:item><json:item><host><volume>33</volume><pages><last>22</last><first>14</first></pages><author></author><title>J. Clin. 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This response is rather robust over weeks or months and is altered by chronic stress and burnout. The present study investigated to what extent the cortisol response to awakening relates to responses following hCRH, ACTH1–24, or psychosocial stress challenges in 22 healthy subjects. Furthermore, a 12-hour circadian cortisol profile was obtained to compare the morning response with cortisol levels obtained throughout the day. Results show that the morning cortisol response was of similar magnitude to that following injection of 1 μg/kg h-CRH or exposure to a brief psychosocial Stressor (TSST). All of these were significantly smaller compared to maximal stimulation of the adrenal cortex by ACTH1–24. Correlation analyses revealed that the morning cortisol response was closely related only to the cortisol response following 0.25 mg ACTH1–24 (r = 0.63, p = 0.002). We conclude that the morning cortisol response to awakening can provide important information on the (re)activity of the HPA axis in addition to more ‘traditional’ methods like hCRH or Synacthen challenge tests. The sensitivity/capacity of the adrenal cortex appears to play a crucial role for the magnitude of cortisol responses observed after awakening.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Keywords</head><item><term>stress</term></item><item><term>HPA axis</term></item><item><term>CRH test</term></item><item><term>Synacthen</term></item><item><term>Trier Social Stress Test</term></item><item><term>saliva</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="1999-01-28">Modified</change><change when="1999">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/EFA8177945F3FC982B280B7380739ED3F203C358/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Elsevier, elements deleted: tail"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//ES//DTD journal article DTD version 4.5.2//EN//XML" URI="art452.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><converted-article version="4.5.2" docsubtype="fla"><item-info><jid>LFS</jid><aid>99001034</aid><ce:pii>S0024-3205(99)00103-4</ce:pii><ce:doi>10.1016/S0024-3205(99)00103-4</ce:doi><ce:copyright type="unknown" year="1999"></ce:copyright></item-info><head><ce:title>The cortisol response to awakening in relation to different challenge tests and a 12-hour cortisol rhythm</ce:title><ce:author-group><ce:author><ce:given-name>A.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Schmidt-Reinwald</ce:surname></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>J.C.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Pruessner</ce:surname></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>D.H.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Hellhammer</ce:surname></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>I.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Federenko</ce:surname></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>N.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Rohleder</ce:surname></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>T.H.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Schürmeyer</ce:surname></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>C.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Kirschbaum</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="FN1"><ce:sup>∗</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref><ce:e-address>Kirschba@uni-trier.de</ce:e-address></ce:author><ce:affiliation><ce:textfn>Center for Psycho-biological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Germany</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:footnote id="FN1"><ce:label>∗</ce:label><ce:note-para>PD Dr. Clemens Kirschbaum, FPP, University of Trier, Dietrichstr. 10-11, D-54290 Trier, Germany; Fax: (+49)651-975-8640.</ce:note-para></ce:footnote></ce:author-group><ce:date-revised day="28" month="1" year="1999"></ce:date-revised><ce:abstract><ce:section-title>Abstract</ce:section-title><ce:abstract-sec><ce:simple-para>Recent studies have shown that cortisol levels rapidly increase within the first 30 minutes after awakening. This response is rather robust over weeks or months and is altered by chronic stress and burnout. The present study investigated to what extent the cortisol response to awakening relates to responses following hCRH, ACTH<ce:inf>1–24</ce:inf>, or psychosocial stress challenges in 22 healthy subjects. Furthermore, a 12-hour circadian cortisol profile was obtained to compare the morning response with cortisol levels obtained throughout the day. Results show that the morning cortisol response was of similar magnitude to that following injection of 1 μg/kg h-CRH or exposure to a brief psychosocial Stressor (TSST). All of these were significantly smaller compared to maximal stimulation of the adrenal cortex by ACTH<ce:inf>1–24</ce:inf>. Correlation analyses revealed that the morning cortisol response was closely related only to the cortisol response following 0.25 mg ACTH<ce:inf>1–24</ce:inf> (r = 0.63, p = 0.002). We conclude that the morning cortisol response to awakening can provide important information on the (re)activity of the HPA axis in addition to more ‘traditional’ methods like hCRH or Synacthen challenge tests. The sensitivity/capacity of the adrenal cortex appears to play a crucial role for the magnitude of cortisol responses observed after awakening.</ce:simple-para></ce:abstract-sec></ce:abstract><ce:keywords><ce:section-title>Keywords</ce:section-title><ce:keyword><ce:text>stress</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>HPA axis</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>CRH test</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Synacthen</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Trier Social Stress Test</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>saliva</ce:text></ce:keyword></ce:keywords></head></converted-article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo><title>The cortisol response to awakening in relation to different challenge tests and a 12-hour cortisol rhythm</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA"><title>The cortisol response to awakening in relation to different challenge tests and a 12-hour cortisol rhythm</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Schmidt-Reinwald</namePart><affiliation>Center for Psycho-biological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">J.C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Pruessner</namePart><affiliation>Center for Psycho-biological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">D.H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Hellhammer</namePart><affiliation>Center for Psycho-biological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I.</namePart><namePart type="family">Federenko</namePart><affiliation>Center for Psycho-biological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">N.</namePart><namePart type="family">Rohleder</namePart><affiliation>Center for Psycho-biological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">T.H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Schürmeyer</namePart><affiliation>Center for Psycho-biological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Germany</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kirschbaum</namePart><affiliation>Center for Psycho-biological and Psychosomatic Research, University of Trier, Germany</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: Kirschba@uni-trier.de</affiliation><description>PD Dr. Clemens Kirschbaum, FPP, University of Trier, Dietrichstr. 10-11, D-54290 Trier, Germany; Fax: (+49)651-975-8640.</description><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="Full-length article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1999</dateIssued><dateModified encoding="w3cdtf">1999-01-28</dateModified><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1999</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Recent studies have shown that cortisol levels rapidly increase within the first 30 minutes after awakening. This response is rather robust over weeks or months and is altered by chronic stress and burnout. The present study investigated to what extent the cortisol response to awakening relates to responses following hCRH, ACTH1–24, or psychosocial stress challenges in 22 healthy subjects. Furthermore, a 12-hour circadian cortisol profile was obtained to compare the morning response with cortisol levels obtained throughout the day. Results show that the morning cortisol response was of similar magnitude to that following injection of 1 μg/kg h-CRH or exposure to a brief psychosocial Stressor (TSST). All of these were significantly smaller compared to maximal stimulation of the adrenal cortex by ACTH1–24. Correlation analyses revealed that the morning cortisol response was closely related only to the cortisol response following 0.25 mg ACTH1–24 (r = 0.63, p = 0.002). We conclude that the morning cortisol response to awakening can provide important information on the (re)activity of the HPA axis in addition to more ‘traditional’ methods like hCRH or Synacthen challenge tests. The sensitivity/capacity of the adrenal cortex appears to play a crucial role for the magnitude of cortisol responses observed after awakening.</abstract><subject><genre>Keywords</genre><topic>stress</topic><topic>HPA axis</topic><topic>CRH test</topic><topic>Synacthen</topic><topic>Trier Social Stress Test</topic><topic>saliva</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Life Sciences</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>LFS</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><originInfo><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">19990326</dateIssued></originInfo><identifier type="ISSN">0024-3205</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0024-3205(00)X0207-X</identifier><part><date>19990326</date><detail type="volume"><number>64</number><caption>vol.</caption></detail><detail type="issue"><number>18</number><caption>no.</caption></detail><extent unit="issue pages"><start>PL193</start><end>PL198</end></extent><extent unit="issue pages"><start>1595</start><end>1701</end></extent><extent unit="pages"><start>1653</start><end>1660</end></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">EFA8177945F3FC982B280B7380739ED3F203C358</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1016/S0024-3205(99)00103-4</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0024-3205(99)00103-4</identifier><recordInfo><recordContentSource>ELSEVIER</recordContentSource></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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