Leishmania infection activates host mTOR for its survival by M2 macrophage polarization.
Identifieur interne : 000561 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000560; suivant : 000562Leishmania infection activates host mTOR for its survival by M2 macrophage polarization.
Auteurs : Ajay Kumar [Inde] ; Sushmita Das [Inde] ; Abhishek Mandal [Inde] ; Sudha Verma [Inde] ; Kumar Abhishek [Inde] ; Ashish Kumar [Inde] ; Vinod Kumar [Inde] ; Ayan Kumar Ghosh [États-Unis] ; Pradeep Das [Inde]Source :
- Parasite immunology [ 1365-3024 ] ; 2018.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Animaux (MeSH), Facteur de nécrose tumorale alpha (génétique), Facteur de nécrose tumorale alpha (immunologie), Facteur de transcription NF-kappa B (génétique), Facteur de transcription NF-kappa B (immunologie), Femelle (MeSH), Humains (MeSH), Interleukine-1 bêta (génétique), Interleukine-1 bêta (immunologie), Interleukine-12 (génétique), Interleukine-12 (immunologie), Leishmania donovani (immunologie), Leishmania donovani (physiologie), Leishmaniose (génétique), Leishmaniose (immunologie), Leishmaniose (parasitologie), Leishmaniose (physiopathologie), Macrophages (cytologie), Macrophages (immunologie), Polarité de la cellule (MeSH), Souris (MeSH), Souris de lignée BALB C (MeSH), Survie cellulaire (MeSH), Sérine-thréonine kinases TOR (génétique), Sérine-thréonine kinases TOR (immunologie), Transduction du signal (MeSH).
- MESH :
- cytologie : Macrophages.
- génétique : Facteur de nécrose tumorale alpha, Facteur de transcription NF-kappa B, Interleukine-1 bêta, Interleukine-12, Leishmaniose, Sérine-thréonine kinases TOR.
- immunologie : Facteur de nécrose tumorale alpha, Facteur de transcription NF-kappa B, Interleukine-1 bêta, Interleukine-12, Leishmania donovani, Leishmaniose, Macrophages, Sérine-thréonine kinases TOR.
- parasitologie : Leishmaniose.
- physiologie : Leishmania donovani.
- physiopathologie : Leishmaniose.
- Animaux, Femelle, Humains, Polarité de la cellule, Souris, Souris de lignée BALB C, Survie cellulaire, Transduction du signal.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Animals (MeSH), Cell Polarity (MeSH), Cell Survival (MeSH), Female (MeSH), Humans (MeSH), Interleukin-12 (genetics), Interleukin-12 (immunology), Interleukin-1beta (genetics), Interleukin-1beta (immunology), Leishmania donovani (immunology), Leishmania donovani (physiology), Leishmaniasis (genetics), Leishmaniasis (immunology), Leishmaniasis (parasitology), Leishmaniasis (physiopathology), Macrophages (cytology), Macrophages (immunology), Mice (MeSH), Mice, Inbred BALB C (MeSH), NF-kappa B (genetics), NF-kappa B (immunology), Signal Transduction (MeSH), TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases (genetics), TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases (immunology), Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (genetics), Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (immunology).
- MESH :
- chemical , genetics : Interleukin-12, Interleukin-1beta, NF-kappa B, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha.
- chemical , immunology : Interleukin-12, Interleukin-1beta, NF-kappa B, TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases, Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha.
- cytology : Macrophages.
- genetics : Leishmaniasis.
- immunology : Leishmania donovani, Leishmaniasis, Macrophages.
- parasitology : Leishmaniasis.
- physiology : Leishmania donovani.
- physiopathology : Leishmaniasis.
- Animals, Cell Polarity, Cell Survival, Female, Humans, Mice, Mice, Inbred BALB C, Signal Transduction.
Abstract
Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a central regulator of growth and immunity of host cells. It's involvement in cancer and tuberculosis is well documented but least explored in Leishmania donovani invasion of host cells. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to investigate the role of mTOR in M2 macrophage polarization for Leishmania survival. We observed that Leishmania infection activated host mTOR pathway characterized by phosphorylation of mTOR, 70S6K and 4-EBP1. Inhibition of mTOR resulted in decreased parasite load and percent infectivity. Moreover, Leishmania infection triggered cell proliferation as was evidenced by increased expression of cyclin A and p-RPS6. mTOR activation during Leishmania infection resulted in reduced expression of M1 macrophage markers (eg, ROS, NO, iNOS, NOX-1, IL-12, IL-1β and TNF-α), and increased expression of M2 macrophage markers (eg, arginase-1, IL-10, TGF-β, CD206 and CD163). Furthermore, we observed that in case of Leishmania infection, mTOR inhibition increased the translocation of NF-κB to nucleus and deactivation of STAT-3. Eventually, we observed that inhibition of M2 macrophage polarization reduced Leishmania survival inside macrophages. Therefore, our findings suggest that mTOR plays a crucial role in regulation of M2 macrophage polarization and direct the innate immune homeostasis towards parasite survival inside host.
DOI: 10.1111/pim.12586
PubMed: 30187512
Affiliations:
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Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bihar</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mandal, Abhishek" sort="Mandal, Abhishek" uniqKey="Mandal A" first="Abhishek" last="Mandal">Abhishek Mandal</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Molecular Biology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (Indian Council of Medical Research), Patna, Bihar, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Molecular Biology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (Indian Council of Medical Research), Patna, Bihar</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bihar</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Verma, Sudha" sort="Verma, Sudha" uniqKey="Verma S" first="Sudha" last="Verma">Sudha Verma</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Molecular Biology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (Indian Council of Medical Research), Patna, Bihar, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Molecular Biology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (Indian Council of Medical Research), Patna, Bihar</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bihar</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Abhishek, Kumar" sort="Abhishek, Kumar" uniqKey="Abhishek K" first="Kumar" last="Abhishek">Kumar Abhishek</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Molecular Biology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (Indian Council of Medical Research), Patna, Bihar, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Molecular Biology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (Indian Council of Medical Research), Patna, Bihar</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bihar</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kumar, Ashish" sort="Kumar, Ashish" uniqKey="Kumar A" first="Ashish" last="Kumar">Ashish Kumar</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Molecular Biology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (Indian Council of Medical Research), Patna, Bihar, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Molecular Biology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (Indian Council of Medical Research), Patna, Bihar</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bihar</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kumar, Vinod" sort="Kumar, Vinod" uniqKey="Kumar V" first="Vinod" last="Kumar">Vinod Kumar</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Molecular Biology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (Indian Council of Medical Research), Patna, Bihar, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Molecular Biology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (Indian Council of Medical Research), Patna, Bihar</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bihar</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ghosh, Ayan Kumar" sort="Ghosh, Ayan Kumar" uniqKey="Ghosh A" first="Ayan Kumar" last="Ghosh">Ayan Kumar Ghosh</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country><placeName><region type="state">Maryland</region></placeName><wicri:cityArea>Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore</wicri:cityArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Das, Pradeep" sort="Das, Pradeep" uniqKey="Das P" first="Pradeep" last="Das">Pradeep Das</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Division of Molecular Biology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (Indian Council of Medical Research), Patna, Bihar, India.</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Inde</country><wicri:regionArea>Division of Molecular Biology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (Indian Council of Medical Research), Patna, Bihar</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Bihar</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Parasite immunology</title><idno type="eISSN">1365-3024</idno><imprint><date when="2018" type="published">2018</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals (MeSH)</term><term>Cell Polarity (MeSH)</term><term>Cell Survival (MeSH)</term><term>Female (MeSH)</term><term>Humans (MeSH)</term><term>Interleukin-12 (genetics)</term><term>Interleukin-12 (immunology)</term><term>Interleukin-1beta (genetics)</term><term>Interleukin-1beta (immunology)</term><term>Leishmania donovani (immunology)</term><term>Leishmania donovani (physiology)</term><term>Leishmaniasis (genetics)</term><term>Leishmaniasis (immunology)</term><term>Leishmaniasis (parasitology)</term><term>Leishmaniasis (physiopathology)</term><term>Macrophages (cytology)</term><term>Macrophages (immunology)</term><term>Mice (MeSH)</term><term>Mice, Inbred BALB C (MeSH)</term><term>NF-kappa B (genetics)</term><term>NF-kappa B (immunology)</term><term>Signal Transduction (MeSH)</term><term>TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases (genetics)</term><term>TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases (immunology)</term><term>Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (genetics)</term><term>Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha (immunology)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux (MeSH)</term><term>Facteur de nécrose tumorale alpha (génétique)</term><term>Facteur de nécrose tumorale alpha (immunologie)</term><term>Facteur de transcription NF-kappa B (génétique)</term><term>Facteur de transcription NF-kappa B (immunologie)</term><term>Femelle (MeSH)</term><term>Humains (MeSH)</term><term>Interleukine-1 bêta (génétique)</term><term>Interleukine-1 bêta (immunologie)</term><term>Interleukine-12 (génétique)</term><term>Interleukine-12 (immunologie)</term><term>Leishmania donovani (immunologie)</term><term>Leishmania donovani (physiologie)</term><term>Leishmaniose (génétique)</term><term>Leishmaniose (immunologie)</term><term>Leishmaniose (parasitologie)</term><term>Leishmaniose (physiopathologie)</term><term>Macrophages (cytologie)</term><term>Macrophages (immunologie)</term><term>Polarité de la cellule (MeSH)</term><term>Souris (MeSH)</term><term>Souris de lignée BALB C (MeSH)</term><term>Survie cellulaire (MeSH)</term><term>Sérine-thréonine kinases TOR (génétique)</term><term>Sérine-thréonine kinases TOR (immunologie)</term><term>Transduction du signal (MeSH)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Interleukin-12</term><term>Interleukin-1beta</term><term>NF-kappa B</term><term>TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases</term><term>Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="immunology" xml:lang="en"><term>Interleukin-12</term><term>Interleukin-1beta</term><term>NF-kappa B</term><term>TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases</term><term>Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="cytologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Macrophages</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="cytology" xml:lang="en"><term>Macrophages</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Leishmaniasis</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Facteur de nécrose tumorale alpha</term><term>Facteur de transcription NF-kappa B</term><term>Interleukine-1 bêta</term><term>Interleukine-12</term><term>Leishmaniose</term><term>Sérine-thréonine kinases TOR</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Facteur de nécrose tumorale alpha</term><term>Facteur de transcription NF-kappa B</term><term>Interleukine-1 bêta</term><term>Interleukine-12</term><term>Leishmania donovani</term><term>Leishmaniose</term><term>Macrophages</term><term>Sérine-thréonine kinases TOR</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunology" xml:lang="en"><term>Leishmania donovani</term><term>Leishmaniasis</term><term>Macrophages</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="parasitologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Leishmaniose</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="parasitology" xml:lang="en"><term>Leishmaniasis</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Leishmania donovani</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Leishmania donovani</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiopathologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Leishmaniose</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiopathology" xml:lang="en"><term>Leishmaniasis</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term><term>Cell Polarity</term><term>Cell Survival</term><term>Female</term><term>Humans</term><term>Mice</term><term>Mice, Inbred BALB C</term><term>Signal Transduction</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term><term>Femelle</term><term>Humains</term><term>Polarité de la cellule</term><term>Souris</term><term>Souris de lignée BALB C</term><term>Survie cellulaire</term><term>Transduction du signal</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a central regulator of growth and immunity of host cells. It's involvement in cancer and tuberculosis is well documented but least explored in Leishmania donovani invasion of host cells. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to investigate the role of mTOR in M2 macrophage polarization for Leishmania survival. We observed that Leishmania infection activated host mTOR pathway characterized by phosphorylation of mTOR, 70S6K and 4-EBP1. Inhibition of mTOR resulted in decreased parasite load and percent infectivity. Moreover, Leishmania infection triggered cell proliferation as was evidenced by increased expression of cyclin A and p-RPS6. mTOR activation during Leishmania infection resulted in reduced expression of M1 macrophage markers (eg, ROS, NO, iNOS, NOX-1, IL-12, IL-1β and TNF-α), and increased expression of M2 macrophage markers (eg, arginase-1, IL-10, TGF-β, CD206 and CD163). Furthermore, we observed that in case of Leishmania infection, mTOR inhibition increased the translocation of NF-κB to nucleus and deactivation of STAT-3. Eventually, we observed that inhibition of M2 macrophage polarization reduced Leishmania survival inside macrophages. Therefore, our findings suggest that mTOR plays a crucial role in regulation of M2 macrophage polarization and direct the innate immune homeostasis towards parasite survival inside host.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" IndexingMethod="Curated" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">30187512</PMID><DateCompleted><Year>2019</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>16</Day></DateCompleted><DateRevised><Year>2019</Year><Month>08</Month><Day>16</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1365-3024</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>40</Volume><Issue>11</Issue><PubDate><Year>2018</Year><Month>Nov</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Parasite immunology</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Parasite Immunol</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Leishmania infection activates host mTOR for its survival by M2 macrophage polarization.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>e12586</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1111/pim.12586</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a central regulator of growth and immunity of host cells. It's involvement in cancer and tuberculosis is well documented but least explored in Leishmania donovani invasion of host cells. Therefore, in the present study, we aimed to investigate the role of mTOR in M2 macrophage polarization for Leishmania survival. We observed that Leishmania infection activated host mTOR pathway characterized by phosphorylation of mTOR, 70S6K and 4-EBP1. Inhibition of mTOR resulted in decreased parasite load and percent infectivity. Moreover, Leishmania infection triggered cell proliferation as was evidenced by increased expression of cyclin A and p-RPS6. mTOR activation during Leishmania infection resulted in reduced expression of M1 macrophage markers (eg, ROS, NO, iNOS, NOX-1, IL-12, IL-1β and TNF-α), and increased expression of M2 macrophage markers (eg, arginase-1, IL-10, TGF-β, CD206 and CD163). Furthermore, we observed that in case of Leishmania infection, mTOR inhibition increased the translocation of NF-κB to nucleus and deactivation of STAT-3. Eventually, we observed that inhibition of M2 macrophage polarization reduced Leishmania survival inside macrophages. Therefore, our findings suggest that mTOR plays a crucial role in regulation of M2 macrophage polarization and direct the innate immune homeostasis towards parasite survival inside host.</AbstractText><CopyrightInformation>© 2018 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.</CopyrightInformation></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kumar</LastName><ForeName>Ajay</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Molecular Biology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (Indian Council of Medical Research), Patna, Bihar, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Das</LastName><ForeName>Sushmita</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Microbiology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Patna, Bihar, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Mandal</LastName><ForeName>Abhishek</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Molecular Biology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (Indian Council of Medical Research), Patna, Bihar, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Verma</LastName><ForeName>Sudha</ForeName><Initials>S</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Molecular Biology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (Indian Council of Medical Research), Patna, Bihar, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Abhishek</LastName><ForeName>Kumar</ForeName><Initials>K</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Molecular Biology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (Indian Council of Medical Research), Patna, Bihar, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kumar</LastName><ForeName>Ashish</ForeName><Initials>A</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Molecular Biology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (Indian Council of Medical Research), Patna, Bihar, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kumar</LastName><ForeName>Vinod</ForeName><Initials>V</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Molecular Biology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (Indian Council of Medical Research), Patna, Bihar, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ghosh</LastName><ForeName>Ayan Kumar</ForeName><Initials>AK</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Das</LastName><ForeName>Pradeep</ForeName><Initials>P</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">http://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-6546</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Division of Molecular Biology, Rajendra Memorial Research Institute of Medical Sciences (Indian Council of Medical Research), Patna, Bihar, India.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>INT-117-BAS/2015</GrantID><Agency>Indian Council of Medical Research</Agency><Country></Country></Grant></GrantList><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>Parasite Immunol</MedlineTA><NlmUniqueID>7910948</NlmUniqueID><ISSNLinking>0141-9838</ISSNLinking></MedlineJournalInfo><ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D053583">Interleukin-1beta</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D016328">NF-kappa B</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D014409">Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>187348-17-0</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D018664">Interleukin-12</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>EC 2.7.1.1</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="D058570">TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases</NameOfSubstance></Chemical><Chemical><RegistryNumber>EC 2.7.1.1</RegistryNumber><NameOfSubstance UI="C546843">mTOR protein, mouse</NameOfSubstance></Chemical></ChemicalList><MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000818" MajorTopicYN="N">Animals</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016764" MajorTopicYN="N">Cell Polarity</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D002470" MajorTopicYN="N">Cell Survival</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005260" MajorTopicYN="N">Female</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018664" MajorTopicYN="N">Interleukin-12</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="N">immunology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D053583" MajorTopicYN="N">Interleukin-1beta</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="N">immunology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007893" MajorTopicYN="N">Leishmania donovani</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="N">immunology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000502" MajorTopicYN="N">physiology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007896" MajorTopicYN="N">Leishmaniasis</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="Y">immunology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000469" MajorTopicYN="N">parasitology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000503" MajorTopicYN="N">physiopathology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008264" MajorTopicYN="N">Macrophages</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000166" MajorTopicYN="Y">cytology</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="Y">immunology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D051379" MajorTopicYN="N">Mice</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008807" MajorTopicYN="N">Mice, Inbred BALB C</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D016328" MajorTopicYN="N">NF-kappa B</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="N">immunology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D015398" MajorTopicYN="N">Signal Transduction</DescriptorName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D058570" MajorTopicYN="N">TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="Y">immunology</QualifierName></MeshHeading><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014409" MajorTopicYN="N">Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha</DescriptorName><QualifierName UI="Q000235" MajorTopicYN="N">genetics</QualifierName><QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="N">immunology</QualifierName></MeshHeading></MeshHeadingList><KeywordList Owner="NOTNLM"><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">Leishmania
</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">M1 macrophage</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">M2 macrophage</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">mTOR</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">rapamycin</Keyword><Keyword MajorTopicYN="N">visceral leishmaniasis</Keyword></KeywordList></MedlineCitation><PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2018</Year><Month>03</Month><Day>16</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2018</Year><Month>07</Month><Day>26</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2018</Year><Month>09</Month><Day>02</Day></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2018</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>7</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2019</Year><Month>8</Month><Day>17</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2018</Year><Month>9</Month><Day>7</Day><Hour>6</Hour><Minute>0</Minute></PubMedPubDate></History><PublicationStatus>ppublish</PublicationStatus><ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">30187512</ArticleId><ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1111/pim.12586</ArticleId></ArticleIdList></PubmedData></pubmed><affiliations><list><country><li>Inde</li><li>États-Unis</li></country><region><li>Maryland</li></region></list><tree><country name="Inde"><noRegion><name sortKey="Kumar, Ajay" sort="Kumar, Ajay" uniqKey="Kumar A" first="Ajay" last="Kumar">Ajay Kumar</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Abhishek, Kumar" sort="Abhishek, Kumar" uniqKey="Abhishek K" first="Kumar" last="Abhishek">Kumar Abhishek</name><name sortKey="Das, Pradeep" sort="Das, Pradeep" uniqKey="Das P" first="Pradeep" last="Das">Pradeep Das</name><name sortKey="Das, Sushmita" sort="Das, Sushmita" uniqKey="Das S" first="Sushmita" last="Das">Sushmita Das</name><name sortKey="Kumar, Ashish" sort="Kumar, Ashish" uniqKey="Kumar A" first="Ashish" last="Kumar">Ashish Kumar</name><name sortKey="Kumar, Vinod" sort="Kumar, Vinod" uniqKey="Kumar V" first="Vinod" last="Kumar">Vinod Kumar</name><name sortKey="Mandal, Abhishek" sort="Mandal, Abhishek" uniqKey="Mandal A" first="Abhishek" last="Mandal">Abhishek Mandal</name><name sortKey="Verma, Sudha" sort="Verma, Sudha" uniqKey="Verma S" first="Sudha" last="Verma">Sudha Verma</name></country><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Maryland"><name sortKey="Ghosh, Ayan Kumar" sort="Ghosh, Ayan Kumar" uniqKey="Ghosh A" first="Ayan Kumar" last="Ghosh">Ayan Kumar Ghosh</name></region></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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|wiki= Bois
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|texte= Leishmania infection activates host mTOR for its survival by M2 macrophage polarization.
}}
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