In Vitro Photodynamic Inactivation of Plant-Pathogenic Fungi Colletotrichum acutatum and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides with Novel Phenothiazinium Photosensitizers
Identifieur interne : 001540 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 001539; suivant : 001541In Vitro Photodynamic Inactivation of Plant-Pathogenic Fungi Colletotrichum acutatum and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides with Novel Phenothiazinium Photosensitizers
Auteurs : Henrique D. De Menezes [Brésil] ; Gabriela B. Rodrigues [Brésil] ; Simone De Pádua Teixeira [Brésil] ; Nelson S. Massola [Brésil] ; Luciano Bachmann [Brésil] ; Mark Wainwright [Royaume-Uni] ; Gilberto U. L. Braga [Brésil]Source :
- Applied and Environmental Microbiology [ 0099-2240 ] ; 2014.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Antifungal Agents (pharmacology), Aspergillus nidulans (drug effects), Aspergillus nidulans (physiology), Citrus sinensis (microbiology), Colletotrichum (drug effects), Colletotrichum (physiology), Fungi, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Microbial Viability (drug effects), Phenothiazines (pharmacology), Photosensitizing Agents (pharmacology), Spores, Fungal (drug effects).
- MESH :
- chemical , pharmacology : Antifungal Agents, Phenothiazines, Photosensitizing Agents.
- drug effects : Aspergillus nidulans, Colletotrichum, Microbial Viability, Spores, Fungal.
- microbiology : Citrus sinensis.
- physiology : Aspergillus nidulans, Colletotrichum.
- Fungi, Microbial Sensitivity Tests.
Abstract
The increasing tolerance to currently used fungicides in both clinical and agricultural areas is of great concern. The nonconventional light-based approach of antimicrobial photodynamic treatment (APDT) is a promising alternative to conventional fungicides. We evaluated the effects of APDT with four phenothiazinium derivatives (methylene blue [MB], new methylene blue N [NMBN], toluidine blue O [TBO], and the novel pentacyclic phenothiazinium photosensitizer [PS] S137) on conidia of three fungal species (
Url:
DOI: 10.1128/AEM.02788-13
PubMed: 24362436
PubMed Central: 3957600
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PMC:3957600Le document en format XML
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Photodynamic Inactivation of Plant-Pathogenic Fungi <named-content content-type="genus-species">Colletotrichum acutatum</named-content>
and <named-content content-type="genus-species">Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</named-content>
with Novel Phenothiazinium Photosensitizers</title>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main"><italic>In Vitro</italic>
Photodynamic Inactivation of Plant-Pathogenic Fungi <named-content content-type="genus-species">Colletotrichum acutatum</named-content>
and <named-content content-type="genus-species">Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</named-content>
with Novel Phenothiazinium Photosensitizers</title>
<author><name sortKey="De Menezes, Henrique D" sort="De Menezes, Henrique D" uniqKey="De Menezes H" first="Henrique D." last="De Menezes">Henrique D. De Menezes</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Rodrigues, Gabriela B" sort="Rodrigues, Gabriela B" uniqKey="Rodrigues G" first="Gabriela B." last="Rodrigues">Gabriela B. Rodrigues</name>
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<orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName>
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<author><name sortKey="Teixeira, Simone De Padua" sort="Teixeira, Simone De Padua" uniqKey="Teixeira S" first="Simone De Pádua" last="Teixeira">Simone De Pádua Teixeira</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Massola, Nelson S" sort="Massola, Nelson S" uniqKey="Massola N" first="Nelson S." last="Massola">Nelson S. Massola</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Departamento de Fitopatologia e Nematologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Fitopatologia e Nematologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
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<author><name sortKey="Bachmann, Luciano" sort="Bachmann, Luciano" uniqKey="Bachmann L" first="Luciano" last="Bachmann">Luciano Bachmann</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
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<orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
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<author><name sortKey="Wainwright, Mark" sort="Wainwright, Mark" uniqKey="Wainwright M" first="Mark" last="Wainwright">Mark Wainwright</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5">School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Liverpool</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Braga, Gilberto U L" sort="Braga, Gilberto U L" uniqKey="Braga G" first="Gilberto U. L." last="Braga">Gilberto U. L. Braga</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
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<orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
<region type="state">État de São Paulo</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff6">Research Support Center in Natural and Synthetic Products, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Research Support Center in Natural and Synthetic Products, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
<region type="state">État de São Paulo</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
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<series><title level="j">Applied and Environmental Microbiology</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0099-2240</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1098-5336</idno>
<imprint><date when="2014">2014</date>
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<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Antifungal Agents (pharmacology)</term>
<term>Aspergillus nidulans (drug effects)</term>
<term>Aspergillus nidulans (physiology)</term>
<term>Citrus sinensis (microbiology)</term>
<term>Colletotrichum (drug effects)</term>
<term>Colletotrichum (physiology)</term>
<term>Fungi</term>
<term>Microbial Sensitivity Tests</term>
<term>Microbial Viability (drug effects)</term>
<term>Phenothiazines (pharmacology)</term>
<term>Photosensitizing Agents (pharmacology)</term>
<term>Spores, Fungal (drug effects)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="pharmacology" xml:lang="en"><term>Antifungal Agents</term>
<term>Phenothiazines</term>
<term>Photosensitizing Agents</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug effects" xml:lang="en"><term>Aspergillus nidulans</term>
<term>Colletotrichum</term>
<term>Microbial Viability</term>
<term>Spores, Fungal</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Citrus sinensis</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Aspergillus nidulans</term>
<term>Colletotrichum</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Fungi</term>
<term>Microbial Sensitivity Tests</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The increasing tolerance to currently used fungicides in both clinical and agricultural areas is of great concern. The nonconventional light-based approach of antimicrobial photodynamic treatment (APDT) is a promising alternative to conventional fungicides. We evaluated the effects of APDT with four phenothiazinium derivatives (methylene blue [MB], new methylene blue N [NMBN], toluidine blue O [TBO], and the novel pentacyclic phenothiazinium photosensitizer [PS] S137) on conidia of three fungal species (<named-content content-type="genus-species">Colletotrichum acutatum</named-content>
, <named-content content-type="genus-species">Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</named-content>
, and <named-content content-type="genus-species">Aspergillus nidulans</named-content>
). The efficacy of APDT with each PS was determined, initially, based on photosensitizer MICs. Additionally, the effects of APDT with two selected PSs (NMBN and S137) on survival of conidia were evaluated. The subcellular localization of the PS in <named-content content-type="genus-species">C. acutatum</named-content>
conidia was determined. The effects of photodynamic treatments on leaves of the plant host <named-content content-type="genus-species">Citrus sinensis</named-content>
were also investigated. APDT with S137 showed the lowest MIC. MICs for S137 were 5 μM for the three fungal species when a fluence of 25 J cm<sup>−2</sup>
was used. APDT with NMBN (50 μM) and S137 (10 μM) resulted in a reduction in the survival of the conidia of all species of approximately 5 logs with fluences of ≥15 J cm<sup>−2</sup>
. Washing of the conidia before light exposure did not prevent photodynamic inactivation. Both NMBN and S137 accumulated in cytoplasmic structures, such as lipid bodies, of <named-content content-type="genus-species">C. acutatum</named-content>
conidia. No damage to orange tree leaves was observed after APDT.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<double pmid="24362436"><pmc><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en"><italic>In Vitro</italic>
Photodynamic Inactivation of Plant-Pathogenic Fungi <named-content content-type="genus-species">Colletotrichum acutatum</named-content>
and <named-content content-type="genus-species">Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</named-content>
with Novel Phenothiazinium Photosensitizers</title>
<author><name sortKey="De Menezes, Henrique D" sort="De Menezes, Henrique D" uniqKey="De Menezes H" first="Henrique D." last="De Menezes">Henrique D. De Menezes</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
<region type="state">État de São Paulo</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rodrigues, Gabriela B" sort="Rodrigues, Gabriela B" uniqKey="Rodrigues G" first="Gabriela B." last="Rodrigues">Gabriela B. Rodrigues</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
<region type="state">État de São Paulo</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Teixeira, Simone De Padua" sort="Teixeira, Simone De Padua" uniqKey="Teixeira S" first="Simone De Pádua" last="Teixeira">Simone De Pádua Teixeira</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
<region type="state">État de São Paulo</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Massola, Nelson S" sort="Massola, Nelson S" uniqKey="Massola N" first="Nelson S." last="Massola">Nelson S. Massola</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Departamento de Fitopatologia e Nematologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Fitopatologia e Nematologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
<region type="state">État de São Paulo</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bachmann, Luciano" sort="Bachmann, Luciano" uniqKey="Bachmann L" first="Luciano" last="Bachmann">Luciano Bachmann</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
<region type="state">État de São Paulo</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wainwright, Mark" sort="Wainwright, Mark" uniqKey="Wainwright M" first="Mark" last="Wainwright">Mark Wainwright</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5">School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Liverpool</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Braga, Gilberto U L" sort="Braga, Gilberto U L" uniqKey="Braga G" first="Gilberto U. L." last="Braga">Gilberto U. L. Braga</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
<region type="state">État de São Paulo</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff6">Research Support Center in Natural and Synthetic Products, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Research Support Center in Natural and Synthetic Products, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
<region type="state">État de São Paulo</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">24362436</idno>
<idno type="pmc">3957600</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3957600</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:3957600</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1128/AEM.02788-13</idno>
<date when="2014">2014</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000C34</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000C33</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000938</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main"><italic>In Vitro</italic>
Photodynamic Inactivation of Plant-Pathogenic Fungi <named-content content-type="genus-species">Colletotrichum acutatum</named-content>
and <named-content content-type="genus-species">Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</named-content>
with Novel Phenothiazinium Photosensitizers</title>
<author><name sortKey="De Menezes, Henrique D" sort="De Menezes, Henrique D" uniqKey="De Menezes H" first="Henrique D." last="De Menezes">Henrique D. De Menezes</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
<region type="state">État de São Paulo</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rodrigues, Gabriela B" sort="Rodrigues, Gabriela B" uniqKey="Rodrigues G" first="Gabriela B." last="Rodrigues">Gabriela B. Rodrigues</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
<region type="state">État de São Paulo</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Teixeira, Simone De Padua" sort="Teixeira, Simone De Padua" uniqKey="Teixeira S" first="Simone De Pádua" last="Teixeira">Simone De Pádua Teixeira</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff2">Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
<region type="state">État de São Paulo</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Massola, Nelson S" sort="Massola, Nelson S" uniqKey="Massola N" first="Nelson S." last="Massola">Nelson S. Massola</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Departamento de Fitopatologia e Nematologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Fitopatologia e Nematologia, Escola Superior de Agricultura Luiz de Queiroz, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
<region type="state">État de São Paulo</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bachmann, Luciano" sort="Bachmann, Luciano" uniqKey="Bachmann L" first="Luciano" last="Bachmann">Luciano Bachmann</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff4">Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Física, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
<region type="state">État de São Paulo</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wainwright, Mark" sort="Wainwright, Mark" uniqKey="Wainwright M" first="Mark" last="Wainwright">Mark Wainwright</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5">School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Royaume-Uni</country>
<wicri:regionArea>School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Liverpool</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Braga, Gilberto U L" sort="Braga, Gilberto U L" uniqKey="Braga G" first="Gilberto U. L." last="Braga">Gilberto U. L. Braga</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
<region type="state">État de São Paulo</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:aff id="aff6">Research Support Center in Natural and Synthetic Products, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Research Support Center in Natural and Synthetic Products, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
<region type="state">État de São Paulo</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Applied and Environmental Microbiology</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0099-2240</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1098-5336</idno>
<imprint><date when="2014">2014</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The increasing tolerance to currently used fungicides in both clinical and agricultural areas is of great concern. The nonconventional light-based approach of antimicrobial photodynamic treatment (APDT) is a promising alternative to conventional fungicides. We evaluated the effects of APDT with four phenothiazinium derivatives (methylene blue [MB], new methylene blue N [NMBN], toluidine blue O [TBO], and the novel pentacyclic phenothiazinium photosensitizer [PS] S137) on conidia of three fungal species (<named-content content-type="genus-species">Colletotrichum acutatum</named-content>
, <named-content content-type="genus-species">Colletotrichum gloeosporioides</named-content>
, and <named-content content-type="genus-species">Aspergillus nidulans</named-content>
). The efficacy of APDT with each PS was determined, initially, based on photosensitizer MICs. Additionally, the effects of APDT with two selected PSs (NMBN and S137) on survival of conidia were evaluated. The subcellular localization of the PS in <named-content content-type="genus-species">C. acutatum</named-content>
conidia was determined. The effects of photodynamic treatments on leaves of the plant host <named-content content-type="genus-species">Citrus sinensis</named-content>
were also investigated. APDT with S137 showed the lowest MIC. MICs for S137 were 5 μM for the three fungal species when a fluence of 25 J cm<sup>−2</sup>
was used. APDT with NMBN (50 μM) and S137 (10 μM) resulted in a reduction in the survival of the conidia of all species of approximately 5 logs with fluences of ≥15 J cm<sup>−2</sup>
. Washing of the conidia before light exposure did not prevent photodynamic inactivation. Both NMBN and S137 accumulated in cytoplasmic structures, such as lipid bodies, of <named-content content-type="genus-species">C. acutatum</named-content>
conidia. No damage to orange tree leaves was observed after APDT.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
</pmc>
<pubmed><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">In vitro photodynamic inactivation of plant-pathogenic fungi Colletotrichum acutatum and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides with Novel Phenothiazinium photosensitizers.</title>
<author><name sortKey="De Menezes, Henrique D" sort="De Menezes, Henrique D" uniqKey="De Menezes H" first="Henrique D" last="De Menezes">Henrique D. De Menezes</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
<region type="state">État de São Paulo</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rodrigues, Gabriela B" sort="Rodrigues, Gabriela B" uniqKey="Rodrigues G" first="Gabriela B" last="Rodrigues">Gabriela B. Rodrigues</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Teixeira, Simone De Padua" sort="Teixeira, Simone De Padua" uniqKey="Teixeira S" first="Simone De Pádua" last="Teixeira">Simone De Pádua Teixeira</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Massola, Nelson S" sort="Massola, Nelson S" uniqKey="Massola N" first="Nelson S" last="Massola">Nelson S. Massola</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bachmann, Luciano" sort="Bachmann, Luciano" uniqKey="Bachmann L" first="Luciano" last="Bachmann">Luciano Bachmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wainwright, Mark" sort="Wainwright, Mark" uniqKey="Wainwright M" first="Mark" last="Wainwright">Mark Wainwright</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Braga, Gilberto U L" sort="Braga, Gilberto U L" uniqKey="Braga G" first="Gilberto U L" last="Braga">Gilberto U L. Braga</name>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno>
<date when="2014">2014</date>
<idno type="RBID">pubmed:24362436</idno>
<idno type="pmid">24362436</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1128/AEM.02788-13</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000359</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">000359</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">000359</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">In vitro photodynamic inactivation of plant-pathogenic fungi Colletotrichum acutatum and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides with Novel Phenothiazinium photosensitizers.</title>
<author><name sortKey="De Menezes, Henrique D" sort="De Menezes, Henrique D" uniqKey="De Menezes H" first="Henrique D" last="De Menezes">Henrique D. De Menezes</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Brésil</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Departamento de Análises Clínicas, Toxicológicas e Bromatológicas, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto</wicri:regionArea>
<orgName type="university">Université de São Paulo</orgName>
<placeName><settlement type="city">São Paulo</settlement>
<region type="state">État de São Paulo</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rodrigues, Gabriela B" sort="Rodrigues, Gabriela B" uniqKey="Rodrigues G" first="Gabriela B" last="Rodrigues">Gabriela B. Rodrigues</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Teixeira, Simone De Padua" sort="Teixeira, Simone De Padua" uniqKey="Teixeira S" first="Simone De Pádua" last="Teixeira">Simone De Pádua Teixeira</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Massola, Nelson S" sort="Massola, Nelson S" uniqKey="Massola N" first="Nelson S" last="Massola">Nelson S. Massola</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bachmann, Luciano" sort="Bachmann, Luciano" uniqKey="Bachmann L" first="Luciano" last="Bachmann">Luciano Bachmann</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wainwright, Mark" sort="Wainwright, Mark" uniqKey="Wainwright M" first="Mark" last="Wainwright">Mark Wainwright</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Braga, Gilberto U L" sort="Braga, Gilberto U L" uniqKey="Braga G" first="Gilberto U L" last="Braga">Gilberto U L. Braga</name>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Applied and environmental microbiology</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1098-5336</idno>
<imprint><date when="2014" type="published">2014</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Antifungal Agents (pharmacology)</term>
<term>Aspergillus nidulans (drug effects)</term>
<term>Aspergillus nidulans (physiology)</term>
<term>Citrus sinensis (microbiology)</term>
<term>Colletotrichum (drug effects)</term>
<term>Colletotrichum (physiology)</term>
<term>Fungi</term>
<term>Microbial Sensitivity Tests</term>
<term>Microbial Viability (drug effects)</term>
<term>Phenothiazines (pharmacology)</term>
<term>Photosensitizing Agents (pharmacology)</term>
<term>Spores, Fungal (drug effects)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="pharmacology" xml:lang="en"><term>Antifungal Agents</term>
<term>Phenothiazines</term>
<term>Photosensitizing Agents</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug effects" xml:lang="en"><term>Aspergillus nidulans</term>
<term>Colletotrichum</term>
<term>Microbial Viability</term>
<term>Spores, Fungal</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Citrus sinensis</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Aspergillus nidulans</term>
<term>Colletotrichum</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Fungi</term>
<term>Microbial Sensitivity Tests</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The increasing tolerance to currently used fungicides in both clinical and agricultural areas is of great concern. The nonconventional light-based approach of antimicrobial photodynamic treatment (APDT) is a promising alternative to conventional fungicides. We evaluated the effects of APDT with four phenothiazinium derivatives (methylene blue [MB], new methylene blue N [NMBN], toluidine blue O [TBO], and the novel pentacyclic phenothiazinium photosensitizer [PS] S137) on conidia of three fungal species (Colletotrichum acutatum, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, and Aspergillus nidulans). The efficacy of APDT with each PS was determined, initially, based on photosensitizer MICs. Additionally, the effects of APDT with two selected PSs (NMBN and S137) on survival of conidia were evaluated. The subcellular localization of the PS in C. acutatum conidia was determined. The effects of photodynamic treatments on leaves of the plant host Citrus sinensis were also investigated. APDT with S137 showed the lowest MIC. MICs for S137 were 5 μM for the three fungal species when a fluence of 25 J cm(-2) was used. APDT with NMBN (50 μM) and S137 (10 μM) resulted in a reduction in the survival of the conidia of all species of approximately 5 logs with fluences of ≥15 J cm(-2). Washing of the conidia before light exposure did not prevent photodynamic inactivation. Both NMBN and S137 accumulated in cytoplasmic structures, such as lipid bodies, of C. acutatum conidia. No damage to orange tree leaves was observed after APDT.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
</pubmed>
</double>
</record>
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