Obligate biotrophy features unraveled by the genomic analysis of rust fungi
Identifieur interne : 000250 ( Ncbi/Curation ); précédent : 000249; suivant : 000251Obligate biotrophy features unraveled by the genomic analysis of rust fungi
Auteurs : Sébastien Duplessis [France] ; Christina A. Cuomo [États-Unis] ; Yao-Cheng Lin [Belgique] ; Andrea Aerts [États-Unis] ; Emilie Tisserant [France] ; Claire Veneault-Fourrey [France] ; David L. Joly [Canada] ; Stéphane Hacquard [France] ; Joëlle Amselem [France] ; Brandi L. Cantarel [France] ; Readman Chiu [Canada] ; Pedro M. Coutinho [France] ; Nicolas Feau [Canada] ; Matthew Field [Canada] ; Pascal Frey [France] ; Eric Gelhaye [France] ; Jonathan Goldberg [États-Unis] ; Manfred G. Grabherr [États-Unis] ; Chinnappa D. Kodira [États-Unis] ; Annegret Kohler [France] ; Ursula Kües [Allemagne] ; Erika A. Lindquist [États-Unis] ; Susan M. Lucas [États-Unis] ; Rohit Mago [Australie] ; Evan Mauceli [États-Unis] ; Emmanuelle Morin [France] ; Claude Murat [France] ; Jasmyn L. Pangilinan [États-Unis] ; Robert Park [Australie] ; Matthew Pearson [États-Unis] ; Hadi Quesneville [France] ; Nicolas Rouhier [France] ; Sharadha Sakthikumar [États-Unis] ; Asaf A. Salamov [États-Unis] ; Jeremy Schmutz [États-Unis] ; Benjamin Selles [France] ; Harris Shapiro [États-Unis] ; Philippe Tanguay [Canada] ; Gerald A. Tuskan [États-Unis] ; Bernard Henrissat [France] ; Yves Van De Peer [Belgique] ; Pierre Rouzé [Belgique] ; Jeffrey G. Ellis [Australie] ; Peter N. Dodds [Australie] ; Jacqueline E. Schein [Canada] ; Shaobin Zhong [États-Unis] ; Richard C. Hamelin [Canada] ; Igor V. Grigoriev [États-Unis] ; Les J. Szabo [États-Unis] ; Francis Martin [France]Source :
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America [ 0027-8424 ] ; 2011.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Analyse de profil d'expression de gènes (MeSH), Analyse de séquence d'ADN (MeSH), Basidiomycota (génétique), Champignons (génétique), Feuilles de plante (microbiologie), Gènes fongiques (MeSH), Génome (MeSH), Génome fongique (MeSH), Maladies des plantes (microbiologie), Modèles génétiques (MeSH), Nitrates (composition chimique), Phylogenèse (MeSH), Sulfates (composition chimique), Séquençage par oligonucléotides en batterie (MeSH), Triticum (microbiologie).
- MESH :
- composition chimique : Nitrates, Sulfates.
- génétique : Basidiomycota, Champignons.
- microbiologie : Feuilles de plante, Maladies des plantes, Triticum.
- Analyse de profil d'expression de gènes, Analyse de séquence d'ADN, Gènes fongiques, Génome, Génome fongique, Modèles génétiques, Phylogenèse, Séquençage par oligonucléotides en batterie.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Basidiomycota (genetics), Fungi (genetics), Gene Expression Profiling (MeSH), Genes, Fungal (MeSH), Genome (MeSH), Genome, Fungal (MeSH), Models, Genetic (MeSH), Nitrates (chemistry), Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis (MeSH), Phylogeny (MeSH), Plant Diseases (microbiology), Plant Leaves (microbiology), Sequence Analysis, DNA (MeSH), Sulfates (chemistry), Triticum (microbiology).
- MESH :
- chemical , chemistry : Nitrates, Sulfates.
- genetics : Basidiomycota, Fungi.
- microbiology : Plant Diseases, Plant Leaves, Triticum.
- Gene Expression Profiling, Genes, Fungal, Genome, Genome, Fungal, Models, Genetic, Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis, Phylogeny, Sequence Analysis, DNA.
Abstract
Rust fungi are some of the most devastating pathogens of crop plants. They are obligate biotrophs, which extract nutrients only from living plant tissues and cannot grow apart from their hosts. Their lifestyle has slowed the dissection of molecular mechanisms underlying host invasion and avoidance or suppression of plant innate immunity. We sequenced the 101-Mb genome of
Url:
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1019315108
PubMed: 21536894
PubMed Central: 3107277
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream Pmc, to step Corpus: Pour aller vers cette notice dans l'étape Curation :000513
- to stream Pmc, to step Curation: Pour aller vers cette notice dans l'étape Curation :000513
- to stream Pmc, to step Checkpoint: Pour aller vers cette notice dans l'étape Curation :000A03
- to stream PubMed, to step Corpus: Pour aller vers cette notice dans l'étape Curation :000107
- to stream PubMed, to step Curation: Pour aller vers cette notice dans l'étape Curation :000107
- to stream PubMed, to step Checkpoint: Pour aller vers cette notice dans l'étape Curation :000109
- to stream Ncbi, to step Merge: Pour aller vers cette notice dans l'étape Curation :000250
Links to Exploration step
PMC:3107277Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Obligate biotrophy features unraveled by the genomic analysis of rust fungi</title>
<author><name sortKey="Duplessis, Sebastien" sort="Duplessis, Sebastien" uniqKey="Duplessis S" first="Sébastien" last="Duplessis">Sébastien Duplessis</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Nancy Université, Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes,<institution>Centre de Nancy</institution>
, 54280 Champenoux,<country>France</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cuomo, Christina A" sort="Cuomo, Christina A" uniqKey="Cuomo C" first="Christina A." last="Cuomo">Christina A. Cuomo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University</institution>
, Cambridge, MA 02142;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>, Cambridge</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lin, Yao Cheng" sort="Lin, Yao Cheng" uniqKey="Lin Y" first="Yao-Cheng" last="Lin">Yao-Cheng Lin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent,<country>Belgium</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Aerts, Andrea" sort="Aerts, Andrea" uniqKey="Aerts A" first="Andrea" last="Aerts">Andrea Aerts</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute</institution>
, Walnut Creek, CA 94598;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>, Walnut Creek</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tisserant, Emilie" sort="Tisserant, Emilie" uniqKey="Tisserant E" first="Emilie" last="Tisserant">Emilie Tisserant</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Nancy Université, Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes,<institution>Centre de Nancy</institution>
, 54280 Champenoux,<country>France</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Veneault Fourrey, Claire" sort="Veneault Fourrey, Claire" uniqKey="Veneault Fourrey C" first="Claire" last="Veneault-Fourrey">Claire Veneault-Fourrey</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Nancy Université, Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes,<institution>Centre de Nancy</institution>
, 54280 Champenoux,<country>France</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Joly, David L" sort="Joly, David L" uniqKey="Joly D" first="David L." last="Joly">David L. Joly</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><institution>Natural Resources Canada</institution>
, Ste-Foy, QC,<country>Canada</country>
G1V 4C7;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hacquard, Stephane" sort="Hacquard, Stephane" uniqKey="Hacquard S" first="Stéphane" last="Hacquard">Stéphane Hacquard</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Nancy Université, Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes,<institution>Centre de Nancy</institution>
, 54280 Champenoux,<country>France</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Amselem, Joelle" sort="Amselem, Joelle" uniqKey="Amselem J" first="Joëlle" last="Amselem">Joëlle Amselem</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6"><institution>Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Recherche Génomique Info</institution>
, 78026 Versailles Cedex,<country>France</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cantarel, Brandi L" sort="Cantarel, Brandi L" uniqKey="Cantarel B" first="Brandi L." last="Cantarel">Brandi L. Cantarel</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff7">Unité Mixte de Recherche 6098,<institution>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique–Universités Aix-Marseille I and II</institution>
, Marseille,<country>France</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chiu, Readman" sort="Chiu, Readman" uniqKey="Chiu R" first="Readman" last="Chiu">Readman Chiu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8">Genome Sciences Centre,<institution>British Columbia Cancer Agency</institution>
, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4S6<country>Canada</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Coutinho, Pedro M" sort="Coutinho, Pedro M" uniqKey="Coutinho P" first="Pedro M." last="Coutinho">Pedro M. Coutinho</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff7">Unité Mixte de Recherche 6098,<institution>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique–Universités Aix-Marseille I and II</institution>
, Marseille,<country>France</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Feau, Nicolas" sort="Feau, Nicolas" uniqKey="Feau N" first="Nicolas" last="Feau">Nicolas Feau</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><institution>Natural Resources Canada</institution>
, Ste-Foy, QC,<country>Canada</country>
G1V 4C7;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Field, Matthew" sort="Field, Matthew" uniqKey="Field M" first="Matthew" last="Field">Matthew Field</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8">Genome Sciences Centre,<institution>British Columbia Cancer Agency</institution>
, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4S6<country>Canada</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Frey, Pascal" sort="Frey, Pascal" uniqKey="Frey P" first="Pascal" last="Frey">Pascal Frey</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Nancy Université, Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes,<institution>Centre de Nancy</institution>
, 54280 Champenoux,<country>France</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gelhaye, Eric" sort="Gelhaye, Eric" uniqKey="Gelhaye E" first="Eric" last="Gelhaye">Eric Gelhaye</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Nancy Université, Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes,<institution>Centre de Nancy</institution>
, 54280 Champenoux,<country>France</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Goldberg, Jonathan" sort="Goldberg, Jonathan" uniqKey="Goldberg J" first="Jonathan" last="Goldberg">Jonathan Goldberg</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University</institution>
, Cambridge, MA 02142;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>, Cambridge</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grabherr, Manfred G" sort="Grabherr, Manfred G" uniqKey="Grabherr M" first="Manfred G." last="Grabherr">Manfred G. Grabherr</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University</institution>
, Cambridge, MA 02142;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>, Cambridge</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kodira, Chinnappa D" sort="Kodira, Chinnappa D" uniqKey="Kodira C" first="Chinnappa D." last="Kodira">Chinnappa D. Kodira</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University</institution>
, Cambridge, MA 02142;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>, Cambridge</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kohler, Annegret" sort="Kohler, Annegret" uniqKey="Kohler A" first="Annegret" last="Kohler">Annegret Kohler</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Nancy Université, Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes,<institution>Centre de Nancy</institution>
, 54280 Champenoux,<country>France</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kues, Ursula" sort="Kues, Ursula" uniqKey="Kues U" first="Ursula" last="Kües">Ursula Kües</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9">Division of Molecular Wood Biotechnology and Technical Mycology, Büsgen-Institute,<institution>University of Göttingen</institution>
, Büsgenweg, 37077 Göttingen,<country>Germany</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lindquist, Erika A" sort="Lindquist, Erika A" uniqKey="Lindquist E" first="Erika A." last="Lindquist">Erika A. Lindquist</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute</institution>
, Walnut Creek, CA 94598;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>, Walnut Creek</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lucas, Susan M" sort="Lucas, Susan M" uniqKey="Lucas S" first="Susan M." last="Lucas">Susan M. Lucas</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute</institution>
, Walnut Creek, CA 94598;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>, Walnut Creek</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mago, Rohit" sort="Mago, Rohit" uniqKey="Mago R" first="Rohit" last="Mago">Rohit Mago</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10"><institution>Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization</institution>
, Plant Industry, Canberra, ACT 2601,<country>Australia</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mauceli, Evan" sort="Mauceli, Evan" uniqKey="Mauceli E" first="Evan" last="Mauceli">Evan Mauceli</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University</institution>
, Cambridge, MA 02142;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>, Cambridge</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Morin, Emmanuelle" sort="Morin, Emmanuelle" uniqKey="Morin E" first="Emmanuelle" last="Morin">Emmanuelle Morin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Nancy Université, Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes,<institution>Centre de Nancy</institution>
, 54280 Champenoux,<country>France</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Murat, Claude" sort="Murat, Claude" uniqKey="Murat C" first="Claude" last="Murat">Claude Murat</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Nancy Université, Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes,<institution>Centre de Nancy</institution>
, 54280 Champenoux,<country>France</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pangilinan, Jasmyn L" sort="Pangilinan, Jasmyn L" uniqKey="Pangilinan J" first="Jasmyn L." last="Pangilinan">Jasmyn L. Pangilinan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute</institution>
, Walnut Creek, CA 94598;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>, Walnut Creek</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Park, Robert" sort="Park, Robert" uniqKey="Park R" first="Robert" last="Park">Robert Park</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff11">Plant Breeding Institute Cobbitty,<institution>University of Sydney</institution>
, Camden, NSW 2570,<country>Australia</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pearson, Matthew" sort="Pearson, Matthew" uniqKey="Pearson M" first="Matthew" last="Pearson">Matthew Pearson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University</institution>
, Cambridge, MA 02142;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>, Cambridge</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Quesneville, Hadi" sort="Quesneville, Hadi" uniqKey="Quesneville H" first="Hadi" last="Quesneville">Hadi Quesneville</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6"><institution>Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Recherche Génomique Info</institution>
, 78026 Versailles Cedex,<country>France</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rouhier, Nicolas" sort="Rouhier, Nicolas" uniqKey="Rouhier N" first="Nicolas" last="Rouhier">Nicolas Rouhier</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Nancy Université, Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes,<institution>Centre de Nancy</institution>
, 54280 Champenoux,<country>France</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sakthikumar, Sharadha" sort="Sakthikumar, Sharadha" uniqKey="Sakthikumar S" first="Sharadha" last="Sakthikumar">Sharadha Sakthikumar</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University</institution>
, Cambridge, MA 02142;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>, Cambridge</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Salamov, Asaf A" sort="Salamov, Asaf A" uniqKey="Salamov A" first="Asaf A." last="Salamov">Asaf A. Salamov</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute</institution>
, Walnut Creek, CA 94598;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>, Walnut Creek</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schmutz, Jeremy" sort="Schmutz, Jeremy" uniqKey="Schmutz J" first="Jeremy" last="Schmutz">Jeremy Schmutz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute</institution>
, Walnut Creek, CA 94598;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>, Walnut Creek</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Selles, Benjamin" sort="Selles, Benjamin" uniqKey="Selles B" first="Benjamin" last="Selles">Benjamin Selles</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Nancy Université, Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes,<institution>Centre de Nancy</institution>
, 54280 Champenoux,<country>France</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shapiro, Harris" sort="Shapiro, Harris" uniqKey="Shapiro H" first="Harris" last="Shapiro">Harris Shapiro</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute</institution>
, Walnut Creek, CA 94598;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>, Walnut Creek</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tanguay, Philippe" sort="Tanguay, Philippe" uniqKey="Tanguay P" first="Philippe" last="Tanguay">Philippe Tanguay</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><institution>Natural Resources Canada</institution>
, Ste-Foy, QC,<country>Canada</country>
G1V 4C7;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tuskan, Gerald A" sort="Tuskan, Gerald A" uniqKey="Tuskan G" first="Gerald A." last="Tuskan">Gerald A. Tuskan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute</institution>
, Walnut Creek, CA 94598;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>, Walnut Creek</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff12">Biosciences Division,<institution>Oak Ridge National Laboratory</institution>
, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6422;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Tennessee</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>, Oak Ridge</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Henrissat, Bernard" sort="Henrissat, Bernard" uniqKey="Henrissat B" first="Bernard" last="Henrissat">Bernard Henrissat</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff7">Unité Mixte de Recherche 6098,<institution>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique–Universités Aix-Marseille I and II</institution>
, Marseille,<country>France</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van De Peer, Yves" sort="Van De Peer, Yves" uniqKey="Van De Peer Y" first="Yves" last="Van De Peer">Yves Van De Peer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent,<country>Belgium</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rouze, Pierre" sort="Rouze, Pierre" uniqKey="Rouze P" first="Pierre" last="Rouzé">Pierre Rouzé</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent,<country>Belgium</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ellis, Jeffrey G" sort="Ellis, Jeffrey G" uniqKey="Ellis J" first="Jeffrey G." last="Ellis">Jeffrey G. Ellis</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10"><institution>Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization</institution>
, Plant Industry, Canberra, ACT 2601,<country>Australia</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dodds, Peter N" sort="Dodds, Peter N" uniqKey="Dodds P" first="Peter N." last="Dodds">Peter N. Dodds</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10"><institution>Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization</institution>
, Plant Industry, Canberra, ACT 2601,<country>Australia</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schein, Jacqueline E" sort="Schein, Jacqueline E" uniqKey="Schein J" first="Jacqueline E." last="Schein">Jacqueline E. Schein</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8">Genome Sciences Centre,<institution>British Columbia Cancer Agency</institution>
, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4S6<country>Canada</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhong, Shaobin" sort="Zhong, Shaobin" uniqKey="Zhong S" first="Shaobin" last="Zhong">Shaobin Zhong</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff13">Department of Plant Pathology,<institution>University of Minnesota</institution>
, St. Paul, MN 55108</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Minnesota</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>, St. Paul</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hamelin, Richard C" sort="Hamelin, Richard C" uniqKey="Hamelin R" first="Richard C." last="Hamelin">Richard C. Hamelin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><institution>Natural Resources Canada</institution>
, Ste-Foy, QC,<country>Canada</country>
G1V 4C7;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grigoriev, Igor V" sort="Grigoriev, Igor V" uniqKey="Grigoriev I" first="Igor V." last="Grigoriev">Igor V. Grigoriev</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute</institution>
, Walnut Creek, CA 94598;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>, Walnut Creek</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Szabo, Les J" sort="Szabo, Les J" uniqKey="Szabo L" first="Les J." last="Szabo">Les J. Szabo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff13">Department of Plant Pathology,<institution>University of Minnesota</institution>
, St. Paul, MN 55108</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Minnesota</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>, St. Paul</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff14">Cereal Disease Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service,<institution>US Department of Agriculture</institution>
, St. Paul, MN 55108</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Minnesota</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>, St. Paul</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Martin, Francis" sort="Martin, Francis" uniqKey="Martin F" first="Francis" last="Martin">Francis Martin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Nancy Université, Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes,<institution>Centre de Nancy</institution>
, 54280 Champenoux,<country>France</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">21536894</idno>
<idno type="pmc">3107277</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3107277</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:3107277</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1073/pnas.1019315108</idno>
<date when="2011">2011</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000513</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000513</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000513</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000513</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000A03</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000A03</idno>
<idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno>
<idno type="RBID">pubmed:21536894</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000107</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000107</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">000107</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">000107</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">000109</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">000109</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">000250</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">000250</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Obligate biotrophy features unraveled by the genomic analysis of rust fungi</title>
<author><name sortKey="Duplessis, Sebastien" sort="Duplessis, Sebastien" uniqKey="Duplessis S" first="Sébastien" last="Duplessis">Sébastien Duplessis</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Nancy Université, Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes,<institution>Centre de Nancy</institution>
, 54280 Champenoux,<country>France</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cuomo, Christina A" sort="Cuomo, Christina A" uniqKey="Cuomo C" first="Christina A." last="Cuomo">Christina A. Cuomo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University</institution>
, Cambridge, MA 02142;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>, Cambridge</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lin, Yao Cheng" sort="Lin, Yao Cheng" uniqKey="Lin Y" first="Yao-Cheng" last="Lin">Yao-Cheng Lin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent,<country>Belgium</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Aerts, Andrea" sort="Aerts, Andrea" uniqKey="Aerts A" first="Andrea" last="Aerts">Andrea Aerts</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute</institution>
, Walnut Creek, CA 94598;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>, Walnut Creek</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tisserant, Emilie" sort="Tisserant, Emilie" uniqKey="Tisserant E" first="Emilie" last="Tisserant">Emilie Tisserant</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Nancy Université, Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes,<institution>Centre de Nancy</institution>
, 54280 Champenoux,<country>France</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Veneault Fourrey, Claire" sort="Veneault Fourrey, Claire" uniqKey="Veneault Fourrey C" first="Claire" last="Veneault-Fourrey">Claire Veneault-Fourrey</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Nancy Université, Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes,<institution>Centre de Nancy</institution>
, 54280 Champenoux,<country>France</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Joly, David L" sort="Joly, David L" uniqKey="Joly D" first="David L." last="Joly">David L. Joly</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><institution>Natural Resources Canada</institution>
, Ste-Foy, QC,<country>Canada</country>
G1V 4C7;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hacquard, Stephane" sort="Hacquard, Stephane" uniqKey="Hacquard S" first="Stéphane" last="Hacquard">Stéphane Hacquard</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Nancy Université, Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes,<institution>Centre de Nancy</institution>
, 54280 Champenoux,<country>France</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Amselem, Joelle" sort="Amselem, Joelle" uniqKey="Amselem J" first="Joëlle" last="Amselem">Joëlle Amselem</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6"><institution>Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Recherche Génomique Info</institution>
, 78026 Versailles Cedex,<country>France</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cantarel, Brandi L" sort="Cantarel, Brandi L" uniqKey="Cantarel B" first="Brandi L." last="Cantarel">Brandi L. Cantarel</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff7">Unité Mixte de Recherche 6098,<institution>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique–Universités Aix-Marseille I and II</institution>
, Marseille,<country>France</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chiu, Readman" sort="Chiu, Readman" uniqKey="Chiu R" first="Readman" last="Chiu">Readman Chiu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8">Genome Sciences Centre,<institution>British Columbia Cancer Agency</institution>
, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4S6<country>Canada</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Coutinho, Pedro M" sort="Coutinho, Pedro M" uniqKey="Coutinho P" first="Pedro M." last="Coutinho">Pedro M. Coutinho</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff7">Unité Mixte de Recherche 6098,<institution>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique–Universités Aix-Marseille I and II</institution>
, Marseille,<country>France</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Feau, Nicolas" sort="Feau, Nicolas" uniqKey="Feau N" first="Nicolas" last="Feau">Nicolas Feau</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><institution>Natural Resources Canada</institution>
, Ste-Foy, QC,<country>Canada</country>
G1V 4C7;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Field, Matthew" sort="Field, Matthew" uniqKey="Field M" first="Matthew" last="Field">Matthew Field</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8">Genome Sciences Centre,<institution>British Columbia Cancer Agency</institution>
, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4S6<country>Canada</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Frey, Pascal" sort="Frey, Pascal" uniqKey="Frey P" first="Pascal" last="Frey">Pascal Frey</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Nancy Université, Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes,<institution>Centre de Nancy</institution>
, 54280 Champenoux,<country>France</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gelhaye, Eric" sort="Gelhaye, Eric" uniqKey="Gelhaye E" first="Eric" last="Gelhaye">Eric Gelhaye</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Nancy Université, Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes,<institution>Centre de Nancy</institution>
, 54280 Champenoux,<country>France</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Goldberg, Jonathan" sort="Goldberg, Jonathan" uniqKey="Goldberg J" first="Jonathan" last="Goldberg">Jonathan Goldberg</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University</institution>
, Cambridge, MA 02142;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>, Cambridge</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grabherr, Manfred G" sort="Grabherr, Manfred G" uniqKey="Grabherr M" first="Manfred G." last="Grabherr">Manfred G. Grabherr</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University</institution>
, Cambridge, MA 02142;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>, Cambridge</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kodira, Chinnappa D" sort="Kodira, Chinnappa D" uniqKey="Kodira C" first="Chinnappa D." last="Kodira">Chinnappa D. Kodira</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University</institution>
, Cambridge, MA 02142;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>, Cambridge</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kohler, Annegret" sort="Kohler, Annegret" uniqKey="Kohler A" first="Annegret" last="Kohler">Annegret Kohler</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Nancy Université, Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes,<institution>Centre de Nancy</institution>
, 54280 Champenoux,<country>France</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kues, Ursula" sort="Kues, Ursula" uniqKey="Kues U" first="Ursula" last="Kües">Ursula Kües</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff9">Division of Molecular Wood Biotechnology and Technical Mycology, Büsgen-Institute,<institution>University of Göttingen</institution>
, Büsgenweg, 37077 Göttingen,<country>Germany</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lindquist, Erika A" sort="Lindquist, Erika A" uniqKey="Lindquist E" first="Erika A." last="Lindquist">Erika A. Lindquist</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute</institution>
, Walnut Creek, CA 94598;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>, Walnut Creek</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lucas, Susan M" sort="Lucas, Susan M" uniqKey="Lucas S" first="Susan M." last="Lucas">Susan M. Lucas</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute</institution>
, Walnut Creek, CA 94598;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>, Walnut Creek</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mago, Rohit" sort="Mago, Rohit" uniqKey="Mago R" first="Rohit" last="Mago">Rohit Mago</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10"><institution>Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization</institution>
, Plant Industry, Canberra, ACT 2601,<country>Australia</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mauceli, Evan" sort="Mauceli, Evan" uniqKey="Mauceli E" first="Evan" last="Mauceli">Evan Mauceli</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University</institution>
, Cambridge, MA 02142;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>, Cambridge</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Morin, Emmanuelle" sort="Morin, Emmanuelle" uniqKey="Morin E" first="Emmanuelle" last="Morin">Emmanuelle Morin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Nancy Université, Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes,<institution>Centre de Nancy</institution>
, 54280 Champenoux,<country>France</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Murat, Claude" sort="Murat, Claude" uniqKey="Murat C" first="Claude" last="Murat">Claude Murat</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Nancy Université, Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes,<institution>Centre de Nancy</institution>
, 54280 Champenoux,<country>France</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pangilinan, Jasmyn L" sort="Pangilinan, Jasmyn L" uniqKey="Pangilinan J" first="Jasmyn L." last="Pangilinan">Jasmyn L. Pangilinan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute</institution>
, Walnut Creek, CA 94598;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>, Walnut Creek</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Park, Robert" sort="Park, Robert" uniqKey="Park R" first="Robert" last="Park">Robert Park</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff11">Plant Breeding Institute Cobbitty,<institution>University of Sydney</institution>
, Camden, NSW 2570,<country>Australia</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pearson, Matthew" sort="Pearson, Matthew" uniqKey="Pearson M" first="Matthew" last="Pearson">Matthew Pearson</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University</institution>
, Cambridge, MA 02142;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>, Cambridge</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Quesneville, Hadi" sort="Quesneville, Hadi" uniqKey="Quesneville H" first="Hadi" last="Quesneville">Hadi Quesneville</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff6"><institution>Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique, Unité de Recherche Génomique Info</institution>
, 78026 Versailles Cedex,<country>France</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rouhier, Nicolas" sort="Rouhier, Nicolas" uniqKey="Rouhier N" first="Nicolas" last="Rouhier">Nicolas Rouhier</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Nancy Université, Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes,<institution>Centre de Nancy</institution>
, 54280 Champenoux,<country>France</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sakthikumar, Sharadha" sort="Sakthikumar, Sharadha" uniqKey="Sakthikumar S" first="Sharadha" last="Sakthikumar">Sharadha Sakthikumar</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University</institution>
, Cambridge, MA 02142;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>, Cambridge</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Salamov, Asaf A" sort="Salamov, Asaf A" uniqKey="Salamov A" first="Asaf A." last="Salamov">Asaf A. Salamov</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute</institution>
, Walnut Creek, CA 94598;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>, Walnut Creek</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schmutz, Jeremy" sort="Schmutz, Jeremy" uniqKey="Schmutz J" first="Jeremy" last="Schmutz">Jeremy Schmutz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute</institution>
, Walnut Creek, CA 94598;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>, Walnut Creek</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Selles, Benjamin" sort="Selles, Benjamin" uniqKey="Selles B" first="Benjamin" last="Selles">Benjamin Selles</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Nancy Université, Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes,<institution>Centre de Nancy</institution>
, 54280 Champenoux,<country>France</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shapiro, Harris" sort="Shapiro, Harris" uniqKey="Shapiro H" first="Harris" last="Shapiro">Harris Shapiro</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute</institution>
, Walnut Creek, CA 94598;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>, Walnut Creek</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tanguay, Philippe" sort="Tanguay, Philippe" uniqKey="Tanguay P" first="Philippe" last="Tanguay">Philippe Tanguay</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><institution>Natural Resources Canada</institution>
, Ste-Foy, QC,<country>Canada</country>
G1V 4C7;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tuskan, Gerald A" sort="Tuskan, Gerald A" uniqKey="Tuskan G" first="Gerald A." last="Tuskan">Gerald A. Tuskan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute</institution>
, Walnut Creek, CA 94598;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>, Walnut Creek</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff12">Biosciences Division,<institution>Oak Ridge National Laboratory</institution>
, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6422;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Tennessee</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>, Oak Ridge</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Henrissat, Bernard" sort="Henrissat, Bernard" uniqKey="Henrissat B" first="Bernard" last="Henrissat">Bernard Henrissat</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff7">Unité Mixte de Recherche 6098,<institution>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique–Universités Aix-Marseille I and II</institution>
, Marseille,<country>France</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van De Peer, Yves" sort="Van De Peer, Yves" uniqKey="Van De Peer Y" first="Yves" last="Van De Peer">Yves Van De Peer</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent,<country>Belgium</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rouze, Pierre" sort="Rouze, Pierre" uniqKey="Rouze P" first="Pierre" last="Rouzé">Pierre Rouzé</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3">Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent,<country>Belgium</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Belgique</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ellis, Jeffrey G" sort="Ellis, Jeffrey G" uniqKey="Ellis J" first="Jeffrey G." last="Ellis">Jeffrey G. Ellis</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10"><institution>Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization</institution>
, Plant Industry, Canberra, ACT 2601,<country>Australia</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dodds, Peter N" sort="Dodds, Peter N" uniqKey="Dodds P" first="Peter N." last="Dodds">Peter N. Dodds</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff10"><institution>Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization</institution>
, Plant Industry, Canberra, ACT 2601,<country>Australia</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Australie</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schein, Jacqueline E" sort="Schein, Jacqueline E" uniqKey="Schein J" first="Jacqueline E." last="Schein">Jacqueline E. Schein</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff8">Genome Sciences Centre,<institution>British Columbia Cancer Agency</institution>
, Vancouver, BC, V5Z 4S6<country>Canada</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhong, Shaobin" sort="Zhong, Shaobin" uniqKey="Zhong S" first="Shaobin" last="Zhong">Shaobin Zhong</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff13">Department of Plant Pathology,<institution>University of Minnesota</institution>
, St. Paul, MN 55108</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Minnesota</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>, St. Paul</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hamelin, Richard C" sort="Hamelin, Richard C" uniqKey="Hamelin R" first="Richard C." last="Hamelin">Richard C. Hamelin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff5"><institution>Natural Resources Canada</institution>
, Ste-Foy, QC,<country>Canada</country>
G1V 4C7;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Canada</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Grigoriev, Igor V" sort="Grigoriev, Igor V" uniqKey="Grigoriev I" first="Igor V." last="Grigoriev">Igor V. Grigoriev</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>US Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute</institution>
, Walnut Creek, CA 94598;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>, Walnut Creek</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Szabo, Les J" sort="Szabo, Les J" uniqKey="Szabo L" first="Les J." last="Szabo">Les J. Szabo</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff13">Department of Plant Pathology,<institution>University of Minnesota</institution>
, St. Paul, MN 55108</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Minnesota</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>, St. Paul</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff14">Cereal Disease Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service,<institution>US Department of Agriculture</institution>
, St. Paul, MN 55108</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Minnesota</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea>, St. Paul</wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Martin, Francis" sort="Martin, Francis" uniqKey="Martin F" first="Francis" last="Martin">Francis Martin</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Unité Mixte de Recherche 1136, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique/Nancy Université, Interactions Arbres/Micro-organismes,<institution>Centre de Nancy</institution>
, 54280 Champenoux,<country>France</country>
;</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">France</country>
<wicri:regionArea># see nlm:aff country strict</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0027-8424</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1091-6490</idno>
<imprint><date when="2011">2011</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Basidiomycota (genetics)</term>
<term>Fungi (genetics)</term>
<term>Gene Expression Profiling (MeSH)</term>
<term>Genes, Fungal (MeSH)</term>
<term>Genome (MeSH)</term>
<term>Genome, Fungal (MeSH)</term>
<term>Models, Genetic (MeSH)</term>
<term>Nitrates (chemistry)</term>
<term>Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis (MeSH)</term>
<term>Phylogeny (MeSH)</term>
<term>Plant Diseases (microbiology)</term>
<term>Plant Leaves (microbiology)</term>
<term>Sequence Analysis, DNA (MeSH)</term>
<term>Sulfates (chemistry)</term>
<term>Triticum (microbiology)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Analyse de profil d'expression de gènes (MeSH)</term>
<term>Analyse de séquence d'ADN (MeSH)</term>
<term>Basidiomycota (génétique)</term>
<term>Champignons (génétique)</term>
<term>Feuilles de plante (microbiologie)</term>
<term>Gènes fongiques (MeSH)</term>
<term>Génome (MeSH)</term>
<term>Génome fongique (MeSH)</term>
<term>Maladies des plantes (microbiologie)</term>
<term>Modèles génétiques (MeSH)</term>
<term>Nitrates (composition chimique)</term>
<term>Phylogenèse (MeSH)</term>
<term>Sulfates (composition chimique)</term>
<term>Séquençage par oligonucléotides en batterie (MeSH)</term>
<term>Triticum (microbiologie)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="chemistry" xml:lang="en"><term>Nitrates</term>
<term>Sulfates</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="composition chimique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Nitrates</term>
<term>Sulfates</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="genetics" xml:lang="en"><term>Basidiomycota</term>
<term>Fungi</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="génétique" xml:lang="fr"><term>Basidiomycota</term>
<term>Champignons</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Feuilles de plante</term>
<term>Maladies des plantes</term>
<term>Triticum</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="microbiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Plant Diseases</term>
<term>Plant Leaves</term>
<term>Triticum</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Gene Expression Profiling</term>
<term>Genes, Fungal</term>
<term>Genome</term>
<term>Genome, Fungal</term>
<term>Models, Genetic</term>
<term>Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis</term>
<term>Phylogeny</term>
<term>Sequence Analysis, DNA</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Analyse de profil d'expression de gènes</term>
<term>Analyse de séquence d'ADN</term>
<term>Gènes fongiques</term>
<term>Génome</term>
<term>Génome fongique</term>
<term>Modèles génétiques</term>
<term>Phylogenèse</term>
<term>Séquençage par oligonucléotides en batterie</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Rust fungi are some of the most devastating pathogens of crop plants. They are obligate biotrophs, which extract nutrients only from living plant tissues and cannot grow apart from their hosts. Their lifestyle has slowed the dissection of molecular mechanisms underlying host invasion and avoidance or suppression of plant innate immunity. We sequenced the 101-Mb genome of <italic>Melampsora larici</italic>
-<italic>populina</italic>
, the causal agent of poplar leaf rust, and the 89-Mb genome of <italic>Puccinia graminis</italic>
f. sp. <italic>tritici</italic>
, the causal agent of wheat and barley stem rust. We then compared the 16,399 predicted proteins of <italic>M. larici-populina</italic>
with the 17,773 predicted proteins of <italic>P. graminis</italic>
f. sp <italic>tritici</italic>
. Genomic features related to their obligate biotrophic lifestyle include expanded lineage-specific gene families, a large repertoire of effector-like small secreted proteins, impaired nitrogen and sulfur assimilation pathways, and expanded families of amino acid and oligopeptide membrane transporters. The dramatic up-regulation of transcripts coding for small secreted proteins, secreted hydrolytic enzymes, and transporters <italic>in planta</italic>
suggests that they play a role in host infection and nutrient acquisition. Some of these genomic hallmarks are mirrored in the genomes of other microbial eukaryotes that have independently evolved to infect plants, indicating convergent adaptation to a biotrophic existence inside plant cells.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
</record>
Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Bois/explor/MelampsoraV2/Data/Ncbi/Curation
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000250 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Curation/biblio.hfd -nk 000250 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien |wiki= Bois |area= MelampsoraV2 |flux= Ncbi |étape= Curation |type= RBID |clé= PMC:3107277 |texte= Obligate biotrophy features unraveled by the genomic analysis of rust fungi }}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Curation/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:21536894" \ | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Curation/biblio.hfd \ | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a MelampsoraV2
![]() | This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.38. | ![]() |