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Ground-Based Optical Measurements at European Flux Sites: A Review of Methods, Instruments and Current Controversies

Identifieur interne : 000C56 ( Ncbi/Curation ); précédent : 000C55; suivant : 000C57

Ground-Based Optical Measurements at European Flux Sites: A Review of Methods, Instruments and Current Controversies

Auteurs : Manuela Balzarolo ; Karen Anderson ; Caroline Nichol ; Micol Rossini ; Loris Vescovo ; Nicola Arriga ; Georg Wohlfahrt ; Jean-Christophe Calvet ; Arnaud Carrara ; Sofia Cerasoli ; Sergio Cogliati ; Fabrice Daumard ; Lars Eklundh ; Jan A. Elbers ; Fatih Evrendilek ; Rebecca N. Handcock ; Joerg Kaduk ; Katja Klumpp ; Bernard Longdoz ; Giorgio Matteucci ; Michele Meroni ; Lenoardo Montagnani ; Jean-Marc Ourcival ; Enrique P. Sánchez-Ca Ete ; Jean-Yves Pontailler ; Radoslaw Juszczak ; Bob Scholes ; M. Pilar Martín

Source :

RBID : PMC:3231727

Abstract

This paper reviews the currently available optical sensors, their limitations and opportunities for deployment at Eddy Covariance (EC) sites in Europe. This review is based on the results obtained from an online survey designed and disseminated by the Co-cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action ESO903—“Spectral Sampling Tools for Vegetation Biophysical Parameters and Flux Measurements in Europe” that provided a complete view on spectral sampling activities carried out within the different research teams in European countries. The results have highlighted that a wide variety of optical sensors are in use at flux sites across Europe, and responses further demonstrated that users were not always fully aware of the key issues underpinning repeatability and the reproducibility of their spectral measurements. The key findings of this survey point towards the need for greater awareness of the need for standardisation and development of a common protocol of optical sampling at the European EC sites.


Url:
DOI: 10.3390/s11087954
PubMed: 22164055
PubMed Central: 3231727

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PMC:3231727

Le document en format XML

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<name sortKey="Balzarolo, Manuela" sort="Balzarolo, Manuela" uniqKey="Balzarolo M" first="Manuela" last="Balzarolo">Manuela Balzarolo</name>
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<nlm:aff id="af1-sensors-11-07954"> DIBAF—University of Tuscia, Via S.C. de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; E-Mail:
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<name sortKey="Anderson, Karen" sort="Anderson, Karen" uniqKey="Anderson K" first="Karen" last="Anderson">Karen Anderson</name>
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<nlm:aff id="af2-sensors-11-07954"> Department of Geography, University of Exeter, Rennes Drive, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK; E-Mail:
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<nlm:aff id="af3-sensors-11-07954"> School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JN Scotland, UK; E-Mail:
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<name sortKey="Rossini, Micol" sort="Rossini, Micol" uniqKey="Rossini M" first="Micol" last="Rossini">Micol Rossini</name>
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<nlm:aff id="af4-sensors-11-07954"> DISAT—University of Milan-Bicocca, piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; E-Mails:
<email>micol.rossini@unimib.it</email>
(M.R.);
<email>sergio.cogliati@unimib.it</email>
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<nlm:aff id="af5-sensors-11-07954"> CRI—Fondazione E. Mach, Viote del Monte Bondone, Trento, Italy; E-Mail:
<email>loris.vescovo@iasma.it</email>
</nlm:aff>
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<name sortKey="Arriga, Nicola" sort="Arriga, Nicola" uniqKey="Arriga N" first="Nicola" last="Arriga">Nicola Arriga</name>
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<nlm:aff id="af1-sensors-11-07954"> DIBAF—University of Tuscia, Via S.C. de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; E-Mail:
<email>arriga@unitus.it</email>
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</affiliation>
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<name sortKey="Wohlfahrt, Georg" sort="Wohlfahrt, Georg" uniqKey="Wohlfahrt G" first="Georg" last="Wohlfahrt">Georg Wohlfahrt</name>
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<nlm:aff id="af6-sensors-11-07954"> Institut für Ökologie, Universität Innsbruck, Sternwartestr. 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; E-Mail:
<email>georg.wohlfahrt@uibk.ac.at</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Calvet, Jean Christophe" sort="Calvet, Jean Christophe" uniqKey="Calvet J" first="Jean-Christophe" last="Calvet">Jean-Christophe Calvet</name>
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<nlm:aff id="af7-sensors-11-07954"> CNRM/GAME–Meteo-France, CNRS, URA 1357, 42 avenue Coriolis, 31057 Toulouse Cedex 1, France; E-Mail:
<email>jean-christophe.calvet@meteo.fr</email>
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<name sortKey="Carrara, Arnaud" sort="Carrara, Arnaud" uniqKey="Carrara A" first="Arnaud" last="Carrara">Arnaud Carrara</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af8-sensors-11-07954"> Fundacion CEAM, Parque Tecnologico, Calle C.R. Darwin, Paterna, SP-46980, Valencia, Spain; E-Mail:
<email>arnaud@ceam.es</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Cerasoli, Sofia" sort="Cerasoli, Sofia" uniqKey="Cerasoli S" first="Sofia" last="Cerasoli">Sofia Cerasoli</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af9-sensors-11-07954"> Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Technical University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal; E-Mail:
<email>sofiac@isa.utl.pt</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Cogliati, Sergio" sort="Cogliati, Sergio" uniqKey="Cogliati S" first="Sergio" last="Cogliati">Sergio Cogliati</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af4-sensors-11-07954"> DISAT—University of Milan-Bicocca, piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; E-Mails:
<email>micol.rossini@unimib.it</email>
(M.R.);
<email>sergio.cogliati@unimib.it</email>
(S.C.);
<email>michele.meroni@jrc.ec.europa.eu</email>
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<author>
<name sortKey="Daumard, Fabrice" sort="Daumard, Fabrice" uniqKey="Daumard F" first="Fabrice" last="Daumard">Fabrice Daumard</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af10-sensors-11-07954"> Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Ecole Polytech., Palaiseau, France; E-Mail:
<email>fabrice.daumard@lmd.polytechnique.fr</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
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<name sortKey="Eklundh, Lars" sort="Eklundh, Lars" uniqKey="Eklundh L" first="Lars" last="Eklundh">Lars Eklundh</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af11-sensors-11-07954"> Department of Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden; E-Mail:
<email>lars.eklundh@nateko.lu.se</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Elbers, Jan A" sort="Elbers, Jan A" uniqKey="Elbers J" first="Jan A." last="Elbers">Jan A. Elbers</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af12-sensors-11-07954"> Alterra, ESS-CC Group, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; E-Mail:
<email>Jan.Elbers@wur.nl</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Evrendilek, Fatih" sort="Evrendilek, Fatih" uniqKey="Evrendilek F" first="Fatih" last="Evrendilek">Fatih Evrendilek</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af13-sensors-11-07954"> Department of Environmental Engineering, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Gölköy Campus, 14280 Bolu, Turkey; E-Mail:
<email>fevrendilek@yahoo.com</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Handcock, Rebecca N" sort="Handcock, Rebecca N" uniqKey="Handcock R" first="Rebecca N." last="Handcock">Rebecca N. Handcock</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af14-sensors-11-07954"> CSIRO, Private Bag 5, Wembley, WA, 6913, Australia; E-Mail:
<email>rebecca.handcock@csiro.au</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kaduk, Joerg" sort="Kaduk, Joerg" uniqKey="Kaduk J" first="Joerg" last="Kaduk">Joerg Kaduk</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af15-sensors-11-07954"> Department of Geography, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; E-Mail:
<email>jk61@le.ac.uk</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Klumpp, Katja" sort="Klumpp, Katja" uniqKey="Klumpp K" first="Katja" last="Klumpp">Katja Klumpp</name>
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<nlm:aff id="af16-sensors-11-07954"> INRA, Grassland Ecosystem Research Unite, UR874, 63100 Clermont Ferrand, France; E-Mail:
<email>katja.klumpp@clermont.inra.fr</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Longdoz, Bernard" sort="Longdoz, Bernard" uniqKey="Longdoz B" first="Bernard" last="Longdoz">Bernard Longdoz</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af17-sensors-11-07954"> INRA, Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestière, UMR1137, Centre de Nancy, F-54280 Champenoux, France; E-Mail:
<email>longdoz@nancy.inra.fr</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Matteucci, Giorgio" sort="Matteucci, Giorgio" uniqKey="Matteucci G" first="Giorgio" last="Matteucci">Giorgio Matteucci</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af18-sensors-11-07954"> CNR, Institute for Agricultural and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, Via Cavour, 4-6 I-87036, Rende, Italy; E-Mail:
<email>giorgio.matteucci@isafom.cs.cnr.it</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Meroni, Michele" sort="Meroni, Michele" uniqKey="Meroni M" first="Michele" last="Meroni">Michele Meroni</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af4-sensors-11-07954"> DISAT—University of Milan-Bicocca, piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; E-Mails:
<email>micol.rossini@unimib.it</email>
(M.R.);
<email>sergio.cogliati@unimib.it</email>
(S.C.);
<email>michele.meroni@jrc.ec.europa.eu</email>
(M.M.)</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af19-sensors-11-07954"> European Commission, DG-JRC, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Monitoring Agricultural Resources Unit, Via Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra, Varese, Italy; E-Mail:
<email>michele.meroni@jrc.ec.europa.eu</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Montagnani, Lenoardo" sort="Montagnani, Lenoardo" uniqKey="Montagnani L" first="Lenoardo" last="Montagnani">Lenoardo Montagnani</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af20-sensors-11-07954"> Forest Services and Agency for the Environment, Autonomous Province of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy; E-Mail:
<email>leonar@inwind.it</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af21-sensors-11-07954"> Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy; E-Mail:
<email>leonar@inwind.it</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ourcival, Jean Marc" sort="Ourcival, Jean Marc" uniqKey="Ourcival J" first="Jean-Marc" last="Ourcival">Jean-Marc Ourcival</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af22-sensors-11-07954"> DREAM-CEFE-CNRS, UMR5175, BP5051, 1919 Route de Mende, F-34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France; E-Mail:
<email>jean-marc.ourcival@cefe.cnrs.fr</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sanchez Ca Ete, Enrique P" sort="Sanchez Ca Ete, Enrique P" uniqKey="Sanchez Ca Ete E" first="Enrique P." last="Sánchez-Ca Ete">Enrique P. Sánchez-Ca Ete</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af23-sensors-11-07954"> IAA–CSIC, c/Camino Bajo de Huétor, 50, Granada 18008, Spain; E-Mail:
<email>enripsc@ugr.es</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pontailler, Jean Yves" sort="Pontailler, Jean Yves" uniqKey="Pontailler J" first="Jean-Yves" last="Pontailler">Jean-Yves Pontailler</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af24-sensors-11-07954"> Laboratoire d’Ecologie Végétale, CNRS URA 1492 Bât. 362, Université Paris Sud-Orsay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France; E-Mail:
<email>jean-yves.pontailler@u-psud.fr</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Juszczak, Radoslaw" sort="Juszczak, Radoslaw" uniqKey="Juszczak R" first="Radoslaw" last="Juszczak">Radoslaw Juszczak</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af25-sensors-11-07954"> Dept. of Meteorology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Piatkowska 94, 60-649 Poznan, Poland; E-Mail:
<email>radjusz@up.poznan.pl</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Scholes, Bob" sort="Scholes, Bob" uniqKey="Scholes B" first="Bob" last="Scholes">Bob Scholes</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af26-sensors-11-07954"> CSIR, Ecosystem Processes and Dynamics, PO Box 395, 0001 Pretoria, South Africa; E-Mail:
<email>bscholes@csir.co.za</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Martin, M Pilar" sort="Martin, M Pilar" uniqKey="Martin M" first="M. Pilar" last="Martín">M. Pilar Martín</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af27-sensors-11-07954"> CCHS—CSIC, Albasanz 26-28, Madrid 28037, Spain; E-Mail:
<email>mpilar.martin@cchs.csic.es</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
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<title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Ground-Based Optical Measurements at European Flux Sites: A Review of Methods, Instruments and Current Controversies</title>
<author>
<name sortKey="Balzarolo, Manuela" sort="Balzarolo, Manuela" uniqKey="Balzarolo M" first="Manuela" last="Balzarolo">Manuela Balzarolo</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af1-sensors-11-07954"> DIBAF—University of Tuscia, Via S.C. de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; E-Mail:
<email>arriga@unitus.it</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Anderson, Karen" sort="Anderson, Karen" uniqKey="Anderson K" first="Karen" last="Anderson">Karen Anderson</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af2-sensors-11-07954"> Department of Geography, University of Exeter, Rennes Drive, Exeter, EX4 4RJ, UK; E-Mail:
<email>Karen.Anderson@exeter.ac.uk</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Nichol, Caroline" sort="Nichol, Caroline" uniqKey="Nichol C" first="Caroline" last="Nichol">Caroline Nichol</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af3-sensors-11-07954"> School of GeoSciences, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh EH9 3JN Scotland, UK; E-Mail:
<email>Caroline.Nichol@ed.ac.uk</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Rossini, Micol" sort="Rossini, Micol" uniqKey="Rossini M" first="Micol" last="Rossini">Micol Rossini</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af4-sensors-11-07954"> DISAT—University of Milan-Bicocca, piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; E-Mails:
<email>micol.rossini@unimib.it</email>
(M.R.);
<email>sergio.cogliati@unimib.it</email>
(S.C.);
<email>michele.meroni@jrc.ec.europa.eu</email>
(M.M.)</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Vescovo, Loris" sort="Vescovo, Loris" uniqKey="Vescovo L" first="Loris" last="Vescovo">Loris Vescovo</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af5-sensors-11-07954"> CRI—Fondazione E. Mach, Viote del Monte Bondone, Trento, Italy; E-Mail:
<email>loris.vescovo@iasma.it</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Arriga, Nicola" sort="Arriga, Nicola" uniqKey="Arriga N" first="Nicola" last="Arriga">Nicola Arriga</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af1-sensors-11-07954"> DIBAF—University of Tuscia, Via S.C. de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy; E-Mail:
<email>arriga@unitus.it</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Wohlfahrt, Georg" sort="Wohlfahrt, Georg" uniqKey="Wohlfahrt G" first="Georg" last="Wohlfahrt">Georg Wohlfahrt</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af6-sensors-11-07954"> Institut für Ökologie, Universität Innsbruck, Sternwartestr. 15, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria; E-Mail:
<email>georg.wohlfahrt@uibk.ac.at</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Calvet, Jean Christophe" sort="Calvet, Jean Christophe" uniqKey="Calvet J" first="Jean-Christophe" last="Calvet">Jean-Christophe Calvet</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af7-sensors-11-07954"> CNRM/GAME–Meteo-France, CNRS, URA 1357, 42 avenue Coriolis, 31057 Toulouse Cedex 1, France; E-Mail:
<email>jean-christophe.calvet@meteo.fr</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Carrara, Arnaud" sort="Carrara, Arnaud" uniqKey="Carrara A" first="Arnaud" last="Carrara">Arnaud Carrara</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af8-sensors-11-07954"> Fundacion CEAM, Parque Tecnologico, Calle C.R. Darwin, Paterna, SP-46980, Valencia, Spain; E-Mail:
<email>arnaud@ceam.es</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cerasoli, Sofia" sort="Cerasoli, Sofia" uniqKey="Cerasoli S" first="Sofia" last="Cerasoli">Sofia Cerasoli</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af9-sensors-11-07954"> Forest Research Centre, School of Agriculture, Technical University of Lisbon, Tapada da Ajuda, 1349-017, Lisboa, Portugal; E-Mail:
<email>sofiac@isa.utl.pt</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Cogliati, Sergio" sort="Cogliati, Sergio" uniqKey="Cogliati S" first="Sergio" last="Cogliati">Sergio Cogliati</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af4-sensors-11-07954"> DISAT—University of Milan-Bicocca, piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; E-Mails:
<email>micol.rossini@unimib.it</email>
(M.R.);
<email>sergio.cogliati@unimib.it</email>
(S.C.);
<email>michele.meroni@jrc.ec.europa.eu</email>
(M.M.)</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Daumard, Fabrice" sort="Daumard, Fabrice" uniqKey="Daumard F" first="Fabrice" last="Daumard">Fabrice Daumard</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af10-sensors-11-07954"> Laboratoire de Météorologie Dynamique, Ecole Polytech., Palaiseau, France; E-Mail:
<email>fabrice.daumard@lmd.polytechnique.fr</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Eklundh, Lars" sort="Eklundh, Lars" uniqKey="Eklundh L" first="Lars" last="Eklundh">Lars Eklundh</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af11-sensors-11-07954"> Department of Earth and Ecosystem Sciences, Lund University, Sölvegatan 12, SE-223 62, Lund, Sweden; E-Mail:
<email>lars.eklundh@nateko.lu.se</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Elbers, Jan A" sort="Elbers, Jan A" uniqKey="Elbers J" first="Jan A." last="Elbers">Jan A. Elbers</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af12-sensors-11-07954"> Alterra, ESS-CC Group, PO Box 47, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands; E-Mail:
<email>Jan.Elbers@wur.nl</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Evrendilek, Fatih" sort="Evrendilek, Fatih" uniqKey="Evrendilek F" first="Fatih" last="Evrendilek">Fatih Evrendilek</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af13-sensors-11-07954"> Department of Environmental Engineering, Abant Izzet Baysal University, Gölköy Campus, 14280 Bolu, Turkey; E-Mail:
<email>fevrendilek@yahoo.com</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Handcock, Rebecca N" sort="Handcock, Rebecca N" uniqKey="Handcock R" first="Rebecca N." last="Handcock">Rebecca N. Handcock</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af14-sensors-11-07954"> CSIRO, Private Bag 5, Wembley, WA, 6913, Australia; E-Mail:
<email>rebecca.handcock@csiro.au</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Kaduk, Joerg" sort="Kaduk, Joerg" uniqKey="Kaduk J" first="Joerg" last="Kaduk">Joerg Kaduk</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af15-sensors-11-07954"> Department of Geography, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK; E-Mail:
<email>jk61@le.ac.uk</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Klumpp, Katja" sort="Klumpp, Katja" uniqKey="Klumpp K" first="Katja" last="Klumpp">Katja Klumpp</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af16-sensors-11-07954"> INRA, Grassland Ecosystem Research Unite, UR874, 63100 Clermont Ferrand, France; E-Mail:
<email>katja.klumpp@clermont.inra.fr</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Longdoz, Bernard" sort="Longdoz, Bernard" uniqKey="Longdoz B" first="Bernard" last="Longdoz">Bernard Longdoz</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af17-sensors-11-07954"> INRA, Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestière, UMR1137, Centre de Nancy, F-54280 Champenoux, France; E-Mail:
<email>longdoz@nancy.inra.fr</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Matteucci, Giorgio" sort="Matteucci, Giorgio" uniqKey="Matteucci G" first="Giorgio" last="Matteucci">Giorgio Matteucci</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af18-sensors-11-07954"> CNR, Institute for Agricultural and Forestry Systems in the Mediterranean, Via Cavour, 4-6 I-87036, Rende, Italy; E-Mail:
<email>giorgio.matteucci@isafom.cs.cnr.it</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Meroni, Michele" sort="Meroni, Michele" uniqKey="Meroni M" first="Michele" last="Meroni">Michele Meroni</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af4-sensors-11-07954"> DISAT—University of Milan-Bicocca, piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; E-Mails:
<email>micol.rossini@unimib.it</email>
(M.R.);
<email>sergio.cogliati@unimib.it</email>
(S.C.);
<email>michele.meroni@jrc.ec.europa.eu</email>
(M.M.)</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af19-sensors-11-07954"> European Commission, DG-JRC, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Monitoring Agricultural Resources Unit, Via Fermi 2749, 21027, Ispra, Varese, Italy; E-Mail:
<email>michele.meroni@jrc.ec.europa.eu</email>
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</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Montagnani, Lenoardo" sort="Montagnani, Lenoardo" uniqKey="Montagnani L" first="Lenoardo" last="Montagnani">Lenoardo Montagnani</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af20-sensors-11-07954"> Forest Services and Agency for the Environment, Autonomous Province of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy; E-Mail:
<email>leonar@inwind.it</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af21-sensors-11-07954"> Faculty of Science and Technology, Free University of Bolzano, Bolzano, Italy; E-Mail:
<email>leonar@inwind.it</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Ourcival, Jean Marc" sort="Ourcival, Jean Marc" uniqKey="Ourcival J" first="Jean-Marc" last="Ourcival">Jean-Marc Ourcival</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af22-sensors-11-07954"> DREAM-CEFE-CNRS, UMR5175, BP5051, 1919 Route de Mende, F-34293, Montpellier Cedex 5, France; E-Mail:
<email>jean-marc.ourcival@cefe.cnrs.fr</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Sanchez Ca Ete, Enrique P" sort="Sanchez Ca Ete, Enrique P" uniqKey="Sanchez Ca Ete E" first="Enrique P." last="Sánchez-Ca Ete">Enrique P. Sánchez-Ca Ete</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af23-sensors-11-07954"> IAA–CSIC, c/Camino Bajo de Huétor, 50, Granada 18008, Spain; E-Mail:
<email>enripsc@ugr.es</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Pontailler, Jean Yves" sort="Pontailler, Jean Yves" uniqKey="Pontailler J" first="Jean-Yves" last="Pontailler">Jean-Yves Pontailler</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af24-sensors-11-07954"> Laboratoire d’Ecologie Végétale, CNRS URA 1492 Bât. 362, Université Paris Sud-Orsay, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France; E-Mail:
<email>jean-yves.pontailler@u-psud.fr</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Juszczak, Radoslaw" sort="Juszczak, Radoslaw" uniqKey="Juszczak R" first="Radoslaw" last="Juszczak">Radoslaw Juszczak</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af25-sensors-11-07954"> Dept. of Meteorology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Piatkowska 94, 60-649 Poznan, Poland; E-Mail:
<email>radjusz@up.poznan.pl</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Scholes, Bob" sort="Scholes, Bob" uniqKey="Scholes B" first="Bob" last="Scholes">Bob Scholes</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af26-sensors-11-07954"> CSIR, Ecosystem Processes and Dynamics, PO Box 395, 0001 Pretoria, South Africa; E-Mail:
<email>bscholes@csir.co.za</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author>
<name sortKey="Martin, M Pilar" sort="Martin, M Pilar" uniqKey="Martin M" first="M. Pilar" last="Martín">M. Pilar Martín</name>
<affiliation>
<nlm:aff id="af27-sensors-11-07954"> CCHS—CSIC, Albasanz 26-28, Madrid 28037, Spain; E-Mail:
<email>mpilar.martin@cchs.csic.es</email>
</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series>
<title level="j">Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1424-8220</idno>
<imprint>
<date when="2011">2011</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc>
<textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front>
<div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">
<p>This paper reviews the currently available optical sensors, their limitations and opportunities for deployment at Eddy Covariance (EC) sites in Europe. This review is based on the results obtained from an online survey designed and disseminated by the Co-cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action ESO903—“
<italic>Spectral Sampling Tools for Vegetation Biophysical Parameters and Flux Measurements in Europe</italic>
” that provided a complete view on spectral sampling activities carried out within the different research teams in European countries. The results have highlighted that a wide variety of optical sensors are in use at flux sites across Europe, and responses further demonstrated that users were not always fully aware of the key issues underpinning repeatability and the reproducibility of their spectral measurements. The key findings of this survey point towards the need for greater awareness of the need for standardisation and development of a common protocol of optical sampling at the European EC sites.</p>
</div>
</front>
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