Mechanisms of brain injury related to mathematical modelling and epidemiological data
Identifieur interne : 000E85 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 000E84; suivant : 000E86Mechanisms of brain injury related to mathematical modelling and epidemiological data
Auteurs : R. Willinger ; G. A. Ryan ; A. J. Mclean ; C. M. KoppSource :
- Accident Analysis and Prevention [ 0001-4575 ] ; 1994.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Acceleration fourier, Acute subdural haemorrhage, Anterior, Anterior cranial fossa, Anterior region, Apparent mass, Asdh, Biokinetics, Brain injury, Brain injury data, Brain mass, Central lesions, Central part, Central parts, Central sectors, Cerebral hemispheres, Cerebrospinal fluid, Continuous deformable structure, Coronal plane, Coronal sections, Corpus callosum, Dynamic behaviour, Epidemiological data, Epidemiology, Experimental safety vehicles, Falx cerebri, Finite element modeling, Foramen magnum, Fourier, Frequency area, Frequency range, Frequency response, Frontal, Frontal bone, Frontal impacts, Frontal lobes, Hard impacts, Hard structure, Hard structures, Head impacts, Head modal analysis, High frequencies, Human head, Impact conditions, Impact duration, Impact energy, Impact force, Impact point, Impact points, Impedance, Important mechanism, Inferior sectors, Injury mechanism, Injury mechanisms, Inrets, International research council, Intracerebral, Intracerebral shear strains, Intracerebral strains, Intracerebral stresses, Ircobi, Kopp, Large number, Lateral, Lateral impacts, Lesion, Local bone deformation, Lumped model, Mathematical model, Mathematical modelling, Maximum frequency, Mechanical impedance, Medium impacts, Medium stiffness, Middle region, Middle regions, Modal analysis, Modal mass, National health, Natural frequencies, Natural frequency, Occipital, Occipital impacts, Parameter model, Parasagittal sectors, Peripheral lesions, Posterior part, Posterior parts, Posterior region, Relative motion, Relative movement, Right hemispheres, Same acceleration field, September, Skull, Soft impact, Soft impacts, Stiffness, Temporal lobes, Theoretical models, Transfer function, Transfer functions, Willinger.
- Teeft :
- Acceleration fourier, Acute subdural haemorrhage, Anterior, Anterior cranial fossa, Anterior region, Apparent mass, Asdh, Biokinetics, Brain injury, Brain injury data, Brain mass, Central lesions, Central part, Central parts, Central sectors, Cerebral hemispheres, Cerebrospinal fluid, Continuous deformable structure, Coronal plane, Coronal sections, Corpus callosum, Dynamic behaviour, Epidemiological data, Experimental safety vehicles, Falx cerebri, Finite element modeling, Foramen magnum, Fourier, Frequency area, Frequency range, Frequency response, Frontal, Frontal bone, Frontal impacts, Frontal lobes, Hard impacts, Hard structure, Hard structures, Head impacts, High frequencies, Human head, Impact conditions, Impact duration, Impact energy, Impact force, Impact point, Impact points, Impedance, Important mechanism, Inferior sectors, Injury mechanism, Injury mechanisms, Inrets, International research council, Intracerebral, Intracerebral shear strains, Intracerebral strains, Intracerebral stresses, Ircobi, Kopp, Large number, Lateral, Lateral impacts, Lesion, Local bone deformation, Mathematical model, Mathematical modelling, Maximum frequency, Mechanical impedance, Medium impacts, Medium stiffness, Middle region, Middle regions, Modal analysis, Modal mass, National health, Natural frequencies, Natural frequency, Occipital, Occipital impacts, Parameter model, Parasagittal sectors, Peripheral lesions, Posterior part, Posterior parts, Posterior region, Relative motion, Relative movement, Right hemispheres, Same acceleration field, September, Skull, Soft impact, Soft impacts, Stiffness, Temporal lobes, Theoretical models, Transfer function, Transfer functions, Willinger.
Abstract
Abstract: Measurements of the frequency response of head impact points on the exterior and the interior of a car were used to characterize the dynamic behavior of the object that was struck. These points were then arranged in a hierarchy of increasing stiffness. Thirty-two cases in which the distribution of injury to the brain had been recorded were grouped according to the stiffness of the object struck and by the location of the impact on the head. The distribution of the brain lesions were determined for each class of stiffness and location of impact. Three probable mechanisms of brain injury were distinguished: relative motion between the brain and the skull, local bone deformation, and intracerebral stresses. Each mechanism was related to a range of stiffness and natural frequency of the structure impacted. These theories of brain injury mechanisms are consistent with observed epidemiological data and with conclusions drawn from mathematical modelling.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/0001-4575(94)90053-1
Links to Exploration step
ISTEX:4EA2842C0CA87A5C9621536728B90103442FA1D3Le document en format XML
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Willinger</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Laboratoire des Chocs et de Biomecanique, INRETS, Bron, France</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ryan, G A" sort="Ryan, G A" uniqKey="Ryan G" first="G. A." last="Ryan">G. A. Ryan</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>NHMRC Road Accident Research Unit, University of Adelaide, South Australia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Mclean, A J" sort="Mclean, A J" uniqKey="Mclean A" first="A. J." last="Mclean">A. J. Mclean</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>NHMRC Road Accident Research Unit, University of Adelaide, South Australia</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kopp, C M" sort="Kopp, C M" uniqKey="Kopp C" first="C. M." last="Kopp">C. M. 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mass</term><term>Asdh</term><term>Biokinetics</term><term>Brain injury</term><term>Brain injury data</term><term>Brain mass</term><term>Central lesions</term><term>Central part</term><term>Central parts</term><term>Central sectors</term><term>Cerebral hemispheres</term><term>Cerebrospinal fluid</term><term>Continuous deformable structure</term><term>Coronal plane</term><term>Coronal sections</term><term>Corpus callosum</term><term>Dynamic behaviour</term><term>Epidemiological data</term><term>Epidemiology</term><term>Experimental safety vehicles</term><term>Falx cerebri</term><term>Finite element modeling</term><term>Foramen magnum</term><term>Fourier</term><term>Frequency area</term><term>Frequency range</term><term>Frequency response</term><term>Frontal</term><term>Frontal bone</term><term>Frontal impacts</term><term>Frontal lobes</term><term>Hard impacts</term><term>Hard structure</term><term>Hard structures</term><term>Head impacts</term><term>Head modal analysis</term><term>High frequencies</term><term>Human head</term><term>Impact conditions</term><term>Impact duration</term><term>Impact energy</term><term>Impact force</term><term>Impact point</term><term>Impact points</term><term>Impedance</term><term>Important mechanism</term><term>Inferior sectors</term><term>Injury mechanism</term><term>Injury mechanisms</term><term>Inrets</term><term>International research council</term><term>Intracerebral</term><term>Intracerebral shear strains</term><term>Intracerebral strains</term><term>Intracerebral stresses</term><term>Ircobi</term><term>Kopp</term><term>Large number</term><term>Lateral</term><term>Lateral impacts</term><term>Lesion</term><term>Local bone deformation</term><term>Lumped model</term><term>Mathematical model</term><term>Mathematical modelling</term><term>Maximum frequency</term><term>Mechanical impedance</term><term>Medium impacts</term><term>Medium stiffness</term><term>Middle region</term><term>Middle regions</term><term>Modal analysis</term><term>Modal mass</term><term>National health</term><term>Natural frequencies</term><term>Natural frequency</term><term>Occipital</term><term>Occipital impacts</term><term>Parameter model</term><term>Parasagittal sectors</term><term>Peripheral lesions</term><term>Posterior part</term><term>Posterior parts</term><term>Posterior region</term><term>Relative motion</term><term>Relative movement</term><term>Right hemispheres</term><term>Same acceleration field</term><term>September</term><term>Skull</term><term>Soft impact</term><term>Soft impacts</term><term>Stiffness</term><term>Temporal lobes</term><term>Theoretical models</term><term>Transfer function</term><term>Transfer functions</term><term>Willinger</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Acceleration fourier</term><term>Acute subdural haemorrhage</term><term>Anterior</term><term>Anterior cranial fossa</term><term>Anterior region</term><term>Apparent mass</term><term>Asdh</term><term>Biokinetics</term><term>Brain injury</term><term>Brain injury data</term><term>Brain mass</term><term>Central lesions</term><term>Central part</term><term>Central parts</term><term>Central sectors</term><term>Cerebral hemispheres</term><term>Cerebrospinal fluid</term><term>Continuous deformable structure</term><term>Coronal plane</term><term>Coronal sections</term><term>Corpus callosum</term><term>Dynamic behaviour</term><term>Epidemiological data</term><term>Experimental safety vehicles</term><term>Falx cerebri</term><term>Finite element modeling</term><term>Foramen magnum</term><term>Fourier</term><term>Frequency area</term><term>Frequency range</term><term>Frequency response</term><term>Frontal</term><term>Frontal bone</term><term>Frontal impacts</term><term>Frontal lobes</term><term>Hard impacts</term><term>Hard structure</term><term>Hard structures</term><term>Head impacts</term><term>High frequencies</term><term>Human head</term><term>Impact conditions</term><term>Impact duration</term><term>Impact energy</term><term>Impact force</term><term>Impact point</term><term>Impact points</term><term>Impedance</term><term>Important mechanism</term><term>Inferior sectors</term><term>Injury mechanism</term><term>Injury mechanisms</term><term>Inrets</term><term>International research council</term><term>Intracerebral</term><term>Intracerebral shear strains</term><term>Intracerebral strains</term><term>Intracerebral stresses</term><term>Ircobi</term><term>Kopp</term><term>Large number</term><term>Lateral</term><term>Lateral impacts</term><term>Lesion</term><term>Local bone deformation</term><term>Mathematical model</term><term>Mathematical modelling</term><term>Maximum frequency</term><term>Mechanical impedance</term><term>Medium impacts</term><term>Medium stiffness</term><term>Middle region</term><term>Middle regions</term><term>Modal analysis</term><term>Modal mass</term><term>National health</term><term>Natural frequencies</term><term>Natural frequency</term><term>Occipital</term><term>Occipital impacts</term><term>Parameter model</term><term>Parasagittal sectors</term><term>Peripheral lesions</term><term>Posterior part</term><term>Posterior parts</term><term>Posterior region</term><term>Relative motion</term><term>Relative movement</term><term>Right hemispheres</term><term>Same acceleration field</term><term>September</term><term>Skull</term><term>Soft impact</term><term>Soft impacts</term><term>Stiffness</term><term>Temporal lobes</term><term>Theoretical models</term><term>Transfer function</term><term>Transfer functions</term><term>Willinger</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Abstract: Measurements of the frequency response of head impact points on the exterior and the interior of a car were used to characterize the dynamic behavior of the object that was struck. These points were then arranged in a hierarchy of increasing stiffness. Thirty-two cases in which the distribution of injury to the brain had been recorded were grouped according to the stiffness of the object struck and by the location of the impact on the head. The distribution of the brain lesions were determined for each class of stiffness and location of impact. Three probable mechanisms of brain injury were distinguished: relative motion between the brain and the skull, local bone deformation, and intracerebral stresses. Each mechanism was related to a range of stiffness and natural frequency of the structure impacted. These theories of brain injury mechanisms are consistent with observed epidemiological data and with conclusions drawn from mathematical modelling.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>elsevier</corpusName><keywords><teeft><json:string>stiffness</json:string><json:string>brain injury</json:string><json:string>willinger</json:string><json:string>asdh</json:string><json:string>intracerebral</json:string><json:string>lateral impacts</json:string><json:string>inrets</json:string><json:string>impedance</json:string><json:string>natural frequency</json:string><json:string>lateral</json:string><json:string>relative motion</json:string><json:string>occipital impacts</json:string><json:string>apparent mass</json:string><json:string>ircobi</json:string><json:string>lesion</json:string><json:string>international research council</json:string><json:string>september</json:string><json:string>fourier</json:string><json:string>kopp</json:string><json:string>relative 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cerebri</json:string><json:string>large number</json:string><json:string>posterior part</json:string><json:string>coronal sections</json:string><json:string>central part</json:string><json:string>right hemispheres</json:string><json:string>transfer functions</json:string><json:string>frontal bone</json:string><json:string>brain injury data</json:string><json:string>cerebrospinal fluid</json:string><json:string>modal mass</json:string><json:string>acute subdural haemorrhage</json:string><json:string>impact force</json:string><json:string>national health</json:string><json:string>injury mechanism</json:string><json:string>impact duration</json:string><json:string>maximum frequency</json:string><json:string>mathematical modelling</json:string><json:string>middle regions</json:string><json:string>soft impact</json:string><json:string>mechanical impedance</json:string><json:string>posterior parts</json:string><json:string>frequency range</json:string><json:string>central 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mechanisms</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>Epidemiology</value></json:item></subject><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>Full-length article</json:string></originalGenre><qualityIndicators><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><abstractWordCount>151</abstractWordCount><abstractCharCount>971</abstractCharCount><keywordCount>4</keywordCount><score>8.812</score><pdfWordCount>5436</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>32877</pdfCharCount><pdfVersion>1.2</pdfVersion><pdfPageCount>13</pdfPageCount><pdfPageSize>576 x 792 pts</pdfPageSize></qualityIndicators><title>Mechanisms of brain injury related to mathematical modelling and epidemiological data</title><pii><json:string>0001-4575(94)90053-1</json:string></pii><genre><json:string>research-article</json:string></genre><host><title>Accident Analysis and Prevention</title><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><publicationDate>1994</publicationDate><issn><json:string>0001-4575</json:string></issn><pii><json:string>S0001-4575(00)X0049-8</json:string></pii><volume>26</volume><issue>6</issue><pages><first>767</first><last>779</last></pages><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre></host><namedEntities><unitex><date><json:string>1992</json:string><json:string>1994</json:string></date><geogName></geogName><orgName><json:string>Road Accident Research Unit, University of Adelaide, South Australia</json:string><json:string>University of Adelaide</json:string><json:string>Committee on the Biomechanics of Impact</json:string><json:string>National Health and Medical Research</json:string><json:string>Institute of Medical and Veterinary Science</json:string><json:string>University of Strasbourg</json:string><json:string>French Ministry of Research</json:string><json:string>National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia</json:string><json:string>Technology</json:string></orgName><orgName_funder><json:string>French Ministry of Research</json:string><json:string>National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia</json:string><json:string>Technology</json:string></orgName_funder><orgName_provider></orgName_provider><persName><json:string>P. C. Blumbergs</json:string><json:string>G. Scott</json:string></persName><placeName><json:string>Strasbourg</json:string><json:string>Adelaide</json:string><json:string>France</json:string></placeName><ref_url></ref_url><ref_bibl><json:string>Stalnaker and Fagel (1971)</json:string><json:string>Willinger, Kopp, and Cesari 1992</json:string><json:string>Lowenhielm 1974, 1975</json:string><json:string>Dimasi, Marcus and Eppinger 1991</json:string><json:string>Manavis et al. 1991</json:string><json:string>McLean et al. 1990</json:string><json:string>Willinger, Kopp, and Cesari 1991b</json:string><json:string>Willinger et al.</json:string><json:string>Willinger, Kopp, and Cesari 1991a</json:string><json:string>Thibault et al. (1990)</json:string><json:string>Mendis 1992</json:string><json:string>Willinger et al. 1992</json:string><json:string>Ryan et al. 1989</json:string><json:string>Harris 1988</json:string><json:string>King, Ruan, and Khalil 1991</json:string><json:string>Manavis, Blumbergs, and Scott 1991</json:string></ref_bibl><bibl></bibl></unitex></namedEntities><ark><json:string>ark:/67375/6H6-JRVSJBG3-T</json:string></ark><categories><wos><json:string>1 - social science</json:string><json:string>2 - transportation</json:string><json:string>2 - social sciences, interdisciplinary</json:string><json:string>2 - public, environmental & occupational health</json:string><json:string>2 - ergonomics</json:string></wos><scienceMetrix><json:string>1 - economic & social sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - economics & business </json:string><json:string>3 - logistics & transportation</json:string></scienceMetrix><scopus><json:string>1 - Social Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Social Sciences</json:string><json:string>3 - Law</json:string><json:string>1 - Health Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Medicine</json:string><json:string>3 - Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health</json:string><json:string>1 - Physical Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Engineering</json:string><json:string>3 - Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality</json:string><json:string>1 - Health Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Medicine</json:string><json:string>3 - General Medicine</json:string><json:string>1 - Social Sciences</json:string><json:string>2 - Social Sciences</json:string><json:string>3 - Human Factors and Ergonomics</json:string></scopus><inist><json:string>1 - sciences appliquees, technologies et medecines</json:string><json:string>2 - sciences biologiques et medicales</json:string><json:string>3 - sciences medicales</json:string></inist></categories><publicationDate>1994</publicationDate><author><json:item><name>R. Willinger</name><affiliations><json:string>Laboratoire des Chocs et de Biomecanique, INRETS, Bron, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>G.A. Ryan</name><affiliations><json:string>NHMRC Road Accident Research Unit, University of Adelaide, South Australia</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>A.J. Mclean</name><affiliations><json:string>NHMRC Road Accident Research Unit, University of Adelaide, South Australia</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>C.M. Kopp</name><affiliations><json:string>IMFS, URA CNRS 854, 2 rue Boussingault, Strasbourg, France</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><articleId><json:string>94900531</json:string></articleId><arkIstex>ark:/67375/6H6-JRVSJBG3-T</arkIstex><abstract>Abstract: Measurements of the frequency response of head impact points on the exterior and the interior of a car were used to characterize the dynamic behavior of the object that was struck. These points were then arranged in a hierarchy of increasing stiffness. Thirty-two cases in which the distribution of injury to the brain had been recorded were grouped according to the stiffness of the object struck and by the location of the impact on the head. The distribution of the brain lesions were determined for each class of stiffness and location of impact. Three probable mechanisms of brain injury were distinguished: relative motion between the brain and the skull, local bone deformation, and intracerebral stresses. Each mechanism was related to a range of stiffness and natural frequency of the structure impacted. These theories of brain injury mechanisms are consistent with observed epidemiological data and with conclusions drawn from mathematical modelling.</abstract><pmid><json:string>7857491</json:string></pmid><serie><title>91-S8-O-11.</title><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><volume>Vol. 2</volume><pages><first>916</first><last>923</last></pages></serie><copyrightDate>1994</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1016/0001-4575(94)90053-1</json:string></doi><id>4EA2842C0CA87A5C9621536728B90103442FA1D3</id><score>1</score><fulltext><json:item><extension>pdf</extension><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/4EA2842C0CA87A5C9621536728B90103442FA1D3/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><extension>zip</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/4EA2842C0CA87A5C9621536728B90103442FA1D3/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/4EA2842C0CA87A5C9621536728B90103442FA1D3/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Mechanisms of brain injury related to mathematical modelling and epidemiological data</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><availability><p>ELSEVIER</p></availability><date>1994</date></publicationStmt><notesStmt><note>Presented at the 1992 IRCOBI Conference (International Research Committee on the Biomechanics of Impact).</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a" type="main" xml:lang="en">Mechanisms of brain injury related to mathematical modelling and epidemiological data</title><author xml:id="author-0000"><persName><forename type="first">R.</forename><surname>Willinger</surname></persName><affiliation>Laboratoire des Chocs et de Biomecanique, INRETS, Bron, France</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0001"><persName><forename type="first">G.A.</forename><surname>Ryan</surname></persName><affiliation>NHMRC Road Accident Research Unit, University of Adelaide, South Australia</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0002"><persName><forename type="first">A.J.</forename><surname>Mclean</surname></persName><affiliation>NHMRC Road Accident Research Unit, University of Adelaide, South Australia</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-0003"><persName><forename type="first">C.M.</forename><surname>Kopp</surname></persName><affiliation>IMFS, URA CNRS 854, 2 rue Boussingault, Strasbourg, France</affiliation></author><idno type="istex">4EA2842C0CA87A5C9621536728B90103442FA1D3</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1016/0001-4575(94)90053-1</idno><idno type="PII">0001-4575(94)90053-1</idno><idno type="ArticleID">94900531</idno></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Accident Analysis and Prevention</title><title level="j" type="abbrev">AAP</title><idno type="pISSN">0001-4575</idno><idno type="PII">S0001-4575(00)X0049-8</idno><imprint><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><date type="published" when="1994"></date><biblScope unit="volume">26</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">6</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="767">767</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="779">779</biblScope></imprint></monogr></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>1994</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Measurements of the frequency response of head impact points on the exterior and the interior of a car were used to characterize the dynamic behavior of the object that was struck. These points were then arranged in a hierarchy of increasing stiffness. Thirty-two cases in which the distribution of injury to the brain had been recorded were grouped according to the stiffness of the object struck and by the location of the impact on the head. The distribution of the brain lesions were determined for each class of stiffness and location of impact. Three probable mechanisms of brain injury were distinguished: relative motion between the brain and the skull, local bone deformation, and intracerebral stresses. Each mechanism was related to a range of stiffness and natural frequency of the structure impacted. These theories of brain injury mechanisms are consistent with observed epidemiological data and with conclusions drawn from mathematical modelling.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>Keywords</head><item><term>Head modal analysis</term></item><item><term>Lumped model</term></item><item><term>Injury mechanisms</term></item><item><term>Epidemiology</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="1994">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><extension>txt</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/4EA2842C0CA87A5C9621536728B90103442FA1D3/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Elsevier, elements deleted: tail"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//ES//DTD journal article DTD version 4.5.2//EN//XML" URI="art452.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><converted-article version="4.5.2" docsubtype="fla" xml:lang="en"><item-info><jid>AAP</jid><aid>94900531</aid><ce:pii>0001-4575(94)90053-1</ce:pii><ce:doi>10.1016/0001-4575(94)90053-1</ce:doi><ce:copyright type="unknown" year="1994"></ce:copyright></item-info><head><ce:article-footnote><ce:label>☆</ce:label><ce:note-para>Presented at the 1992 IRCOBI Conference (International Research Committee on the Biomechanics of Impact).</ce:note-para></ce:article-footnote><ce:title>Mechanisms of brain injury related to mathematical modelling and epidemiological data</ce:title><ce:author-group><ce:author><ce:given-name>R.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Willinger</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF1"><ce:sup loc="post">1</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>G.A.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Ryan</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF2"><ce:sup loc="post">2</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>A.J.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Mclean</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF2"><ce:sup loc="post">2</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:author><ce:given-name>C.M.</ce:given-name><ce:surname>Kopp</ce:surname><ce:cross-ref refid="AFF3"><ce:sup loc="post">3</ce:sup></ce:cross-ref></ce:author><ce:affiliation id="AFF1"><ce:label>1</ce:label><ce:textfn>Laboratoire des Chocs et de Biomecanique, INRETS, Bron, France</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:affiliation id="AFF2"><ce:label>2</ce:label><ce:textfn>NHMRC Road Accident Research Unit, University of Adelaide, South Australia</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation><ce:affiliation id="AFF3"><ce:label>3</ce:label><ce:textfn>IMFS, URA CNRS 854, 2 rue Boussingault, Strasbourg, France</ce:textfn></ce:affiliation></ce:author-group><ce:date-accepted day="9" month="4" year="1994"></ce:date-accepted><ce:abstract class="author"><ce:section-title>Abstract</ce:section-title><ce:abstract-sec><ce:simple-para view="all" id="simple-para.0010">Measurements of the frequency response of head impact points on the exterior and the interior of a car were used to characterize the dynamic behavior of the object that was struck. These points were then arranged in a hierarchy of increasing stiffness. Thirty-two cases in which the distribution of injury to the brain had been recorded were grouped according to the stiffness of the object struck and by the location of the impact on the head. The distribution of the brain lesions were determined for each class of stiffness and location of impact. Three probable mechanisms of brain injury were distinguished: relative motion between the brain and the skull, local bone deformation, and intracerebral stresses. Each mechanism was related to a range of stiffness and natural frequency of the structure impacted. These theories of brain injury mechanisms are consistent with observed epidemiological data and with conclusions drawn from mathematical modelling.</ce:simple-para></ce:abstract-sec></ce:abstract><ce:keywords class="keyword"><ce:section-title>Keywords</ce:section-title><ce:keyword><ce:text>Head modal analysis</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Lumped model</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Injury mechanisms</ce:text></ce:keyword><ce:keyword><ce:text>Epidemiology</ce:text></ce:keyword></ce:keywords></head></converted-article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Mechanisms of brain injury related to mathematical modelling and epidemiological data</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" lang="en" contentType="CDATA"><title>Mechanisms of brain injury related to mathematical modelling and epidemiological data</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">R.</namePart><namePart type="family">Willinger</namePart><affiliation>Laboratoire des Chocs et de Biomecanique, INRETS, Bron, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">G.A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Ryan</namePart><affiliation>NHMRC Road Accident Research Unit, University of Adelaide, South Australia</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">A.J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Mclean</namePart><affiliation>NHMRC Road Accident Research Unit, University of Adelaide, South Australia</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">C.M.</namePart><namePart type="family">Kopp</namePart><affiliation>IMFS, URA CNRS 854, 2 rue Boussingault, Strasbourg, France</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="Full-length article" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://content-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XTP-1JC4F85T-7">research-article</genre><originInfo><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">1994</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">1994</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><abstract lang="en">Abstract: Measurements of the frequency response of head impact points on the exterior and the interior of a car were used to characterize the dynamic behavior of the object that was struck. These points were then arranged in a hierarchy of increasing stiffness. Thirty-two cases in which the distribution of injury to the brain had been recorded were grouped according to the stiffness of the object struck and by the location of the impact on the head. The distribution of the brain lesions were determined for each class of stiffness and location of impact. Three probable mechanisms of brain injury were distinguished: relative motion between the brain and the skull, local bone deformation, and intracerebral stresses. Each mechanism was related to a range of stiffness and natural frequency of the structure impacted. These theories of brain injury mechanisms are consistent with observed epidemiological data and with conclusions drawn from mathematical modelling.</abstract><note>Presented at the 1992 IRCOBI Conference (International Research Committee on the Biomechanics of Impact).</note><subject lang="en"><genre>Keywords</genre><topic>Head modal analysis</topic><topic>Lumped model</topic><topic>Injury mechanisms</topic><topic>Epidemiology</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Accident Analysis and Prevention</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>AAP</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal" authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://publication-type.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/JMC-0GLKJH51-B">journal</genre><originInfo><publisher>ELSEVIER</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">199412</dateIssued></originInfo><identifier type="ISSN">0001-4575</identifier><identifier type="PII">S0001-4575(00)X0049-8</identifier><part><date>199412</date><detail type="volume"><number>26</number><caption>vol.</caption></detail><detail type="issue"><number>6</number><caption>no.</caption></detail><extent unit="issue-pages"><start>689</start><end>820</end></extent><extent unit="pages"><start>767</start><end>779</end></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">4EA2842C0CA87A5C9621536728B90103442FA1D3</identifier><identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/6H6-JRVSJBG3-T</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1016/0001-4575(94)90053-1</identifier><identifier type="PII">0001-4575(94)90053-1</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">94900531</identifier><recordInfo><recordContentSource authority="ISTEX" authorityURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr" valueURI="https://loaded-corpus.data.istex.fr/ark:/67375/XBH-HKKZVM7B-M">elsevier</recordContentSource></recordInfo></mods><json:item><extension>json</extension><original>false</original><mimetype>application/json</mimetype><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/4EA2842C0CA87A5C9621536728B90103442FA1D3/metadata/json</uri></json:item></metadata></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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