Patterns of Evolutionary Conservation of Ascorbic Acid-Related Genes Following Whole-Genome Triplication in Brassica rapa
Identifieur interne : 001967 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 001966; suivant : 001968Patterns of Evolutionary Conservation of Ascorbic Acid-Related Genes Following Whole-Genome Triplication in Brassica rapa
Auteurs : Weike Duan [République populaire de Chine] ; Xiaoming Song [République populaire de Chine] ; Tongkun Liu [République populaire de Chine] ; Zhinan Huang [République populaire de Chine] ; Jun Ren [République populaire de Chine] ; Xilin Hou [République populaire de Chine] ; Jianchang Du [République populaire de Chine] ; Ying Li [République populaire de Chine]Source :
- Genome Biology and Evolution [ 1759-6653 ] ; 2014.
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (AsA) is an important antioxidant in plants and an essential vitamin for humans. Extending the study of AsA-related genes from
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DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evu293
PubMed: 25552535
PubMed Central: 4316640
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Patterns of Evolutionary Conservation of Ascorbic Acid-Related Genes Following Whole-Genome Triplication in <italic>Brassica rapa</italic></title><author><name sortKey="Duan, Weike" sort="Duan, Weike" uniqKey="Duan W" first="Weike" last="Duan">Weike Duan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="evu293-AFF1">State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture of Nanjing Agricultural University, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture of Nanjing Agricultural University</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>College of Horticulture of Nanjing Agricultural University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Song, Xiaoming" sort="Song, Xiaoming" uniqKey="Song X" first="Xiaoming" last="Song">Xiaoming Song</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="evu293-AFF1">State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture of Nanjing Agricultural University, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture of Nanjing Agricultural University</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>College of Horticulture of Nanjing Agricultural University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Tongkun" sort="Liu, Tongkun" uniqKey="Liu T" first="Tongkun" last="Liu">Tongkun Liu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="evu293-AFF1">State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture of Nanjing Agricultural University, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture of Nanjing Agricultural University</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>College of Horticulture of Nanjing Agricultural University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huang, Zhinan" sort="Huang, Zhinan" uniqKey="Huang Z" first="Zhinan" last="Huang">Zhinan Huang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="evu293-AFF1">State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture of Nanjing Agricultural University, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture of Nanjing Agricultural University</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>College of Horticulture of Nanjing Agricultural University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ren, Jun" sort="Ren, Jun" uniqKey="Ren J" first="Jun" last="Ren">Jun Ren</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="evu293-AFF1">State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture of Nanjing Agricultural University, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture of Nanjing Agricultural University</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>College of Horticulture of Nanjing Agricultural University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hou, Xilin" sort="Hou, Xilin" uniqKey="Hou X" first="Xilin" last="Hou">Xilin Hou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="evu293-AFF1">State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture of Nanjing Agricultural University, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture of Nanjing Agricultural University</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>College of Horticulture of Nanjing Agricultural University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Du, Jianchang" sort="Du, Jianchang" uniqKey="Du J" first="Jianchang" last="Du">Jianchang Du</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="evu293-AFF1">State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture of Nanjing Agricultural University, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture of Nanjing Agricultural University</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>College of Horticulture of Nanjing Agricultural University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="evu293-AFF2">Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nanjing</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Ying" sort="Li, Ying" uniqKey="Li Y" first="Ying" last="Li">Ying Li</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="evu293-AFF1">State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture of Nanjing Agricultural University, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture of Nanjing Agricultural University</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>College of Horticulture of Nanjing Agricultural University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">25552535</idno><idno type="pmc">4316640</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4316640</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:4316640</idno><idno type="doi">10.1093/gbe/evu293</idno><date when="2014">2014</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000F59</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000F58</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000746</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">001967</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Patterns of Evolutionary Conservation of Ascorbic Acid-Related Genes Following Whole-Genome Triplication in <italic>Brassica rapa</italic></title><author><name sortKey="Duan, Weike" sort="Duan, Weike" uniqKey="Duan W" first="Weike" last="Duan">Weike Duan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="evu293-AFF1">State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture of Nanjing Agricultural University, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture of Nanjing Agricultural University</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>College of Horticulture of Nanjing Agricultural University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Song, Xiaoming" sort="Song, Xiaoming" uniqKey="Song X" first="Xiaoming" last="Song">Xiaoming Song</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="evu293-AFF1">State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture of Nanjing Agricultural University, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture of Nanjing Agricultural University</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>College of Horticulture of Nanjing Agricultural University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Tongkun" sort="Liu, Tongkun" uniqKey="Liu T" first="Tongkun" last="Liu">Tongkun Liu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="evu293-AFF1">State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture of Nanjing Agricultural University, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture of Nanjing Agricultural University</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>College of Horticulture of Nanjing Agricultural University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huang, Zhinan" sort="Huang, Zhinan" uniqKey="Huang Z" first="Zhinan" last="Huang">Zhinan Huang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="evu293-AFF1">State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture of Nanjing Agricultural University, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture of Nanjing Agricultural University</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>College of Horticulture of Nanjing Agricultural University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ren, Jun" sort="Ren, Jun" uniqKey="Ren J" first="Jun" last="Ren">Jun Ren</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="evu293-AFF1">State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture of Nanjing Agricultural University, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture of Nanjing Agricultural University</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>College of Horticulture of Nanjing Agricultural University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Hou, Xilin" sort="Hou, Xilin" uniqKey="Hou X" first="Xilin" last="Hou">Xilin Hou</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="evu293-AFF1">State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture of Nanjing Agricultural University, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture of Nanjing Agricultural University</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>College of Horticulture of Nanjing Agricultural University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Du, Jianchang" sort="Du, Jianchang" uniqKey="Du J" first="Jianchang" last="Du">Jianchang Du</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="evu293-AFF1">State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture of Nanjing Agricultural University, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture of Nanjing Agricultural University</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>College of Horticulture of Nanjing Agricultural University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="evu293-AFF2">Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Nanjing</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Li, Ying" sort="Li, Ying" uniqKey="Li Y" first="Ying" last="Li">Ying Li</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="evu293-AFF1">State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture of Nanjing Agricultural University, People’s Republic of China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture of Nanjing Agricultural University</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>College of Horticulture of Nanjing Agricultural University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Genome Biology and Evolution</title><idno type="eISSN">1759-6653</idno><imprint><date when="2014">2014</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Ascorbic acid (AsA) is an important antioxidant in plants and an essential vitamin for humans. Extending the study of AsA-related genes from <italic>Arabidopsis thaliana</italic> to <italic>Brassica rapa</italic> could shed light on the evolution of AsA in plants and inform crop breeding. In this study, we conducted whole-genome annotation, molecular-evolution and gene-expression analyses of all known AsA-related genes in <italic>B. rapa</italic>. The nucleobase–ascorbate transporter (NAT) gene family and AsA <sc>l</sc>-galactose pathway genes were also compared among plant species. Four important insights gained are that: 1) 102 AsA-related gene were identified in <italic>B. rapa</italic> and they mainly diverged 12–18 Ma accompanied by the <italic>Brassica</italic>-specific genome triplication event; 2) during their evolution, these AsA-related genes were preferentially retained, consistent with the gene dosage hypothesis; 3) the putative proteins were highly conserved, but their expression patterns varied; and 4) although the number of AsA-related genes is higher in <italic>B. rapa</italic> than in <italic>A. thaliana</italic>, the AsA contents and the numbers of expressed genes in leaves of both species are similar, the genes that are not generally expressed may serve as substitutes during emergencies. In summary, this study provides genome-wide insights into evolutionary history and mechanisms of AsA-related genes following whole-genome triplication in <italic>B. rapa</italic>.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Albert, Va" uniqKey="Albert V">VA Albert</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Altschul, Sf" uniqKey="Altschul S">SF Altschul</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gish, W" uniqKey="Gish W">W Gish</name></author><author><name sortKey="Miller, W" uniqKey="Miller W">W Miller</name></author><author><name sortKey="Myers, Ew" uniqKey="Myers E">EW Myers</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lipman, Dj" uniqKey="Lipman D">DJ Lipman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Argyrou, E" uniqKey="Argyrou E">E Argyrou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sophianopoulou, V" uniqKey="Sophianopoulou V">V 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Genome Biol Evol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Genome Biol Evol</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gbe</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">gbe</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Genome Biology and Evolution</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1759-6653</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Oxford University Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">25552535</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">4316640</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/gbe/evu293</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">evu293</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Patterns of Evolutionary Conservation of Ascorbic Acid-Related Genes Following Whole-Genome Triplication in <italic>Brassica rapa</italic></article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Duan</surname><given-names>Weike</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="evu293-AFF1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="evu293-FN1"><sup>†</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Song</surname><given-names>Xiaoming</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="evu293-AFF1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="evu293-FN1"><sup>†</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>Tongkun</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="evu293-AFF1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Huang</surname><given-names>Zhinan</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="evu293-AFF1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ren</surname><given-names>Jun</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="evu293-AFF1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hou</surname><given-names>Xilin</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="evu293-AFF1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Du</surname><given-names>Jianchang</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="evu293-AFF1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="evu293-AFF2"><sup>2</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Li</surname><given-names>Ying</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="evu293-AFF1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="evu293-COR1">*</xref></contrib><aff id="evu293-AFF1"><sup>1</sup>State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Key Laboratory of Biology and Germplasm Enhancement of Horticultural Crops in East China, College of Horticulture of Nanjing Agricultural University, People’s Republic of China</aff><aff id="evu293-AFF2"><sup>2</sup>Institute of Industrial Crops, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China</aff></contrib-group><author-notes><corresp id="evu293-COR1">*Corresponding author: E-mail: <email>yingli@njau.edu.cn</email>.</corresp><fn id="evu293-FN1"><p><bold>Associate editor:</bold> Laura Rose</p></fn><fn id="evu293-FN2"><p><sup>†</sup>These authors contributed equally to this work.</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="collection"><month>1</month><year>2015</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>31</day><month>12</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>31</day><month>12</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 0 months and 0 days and was based on the
<volume>7</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>299</fpage><lpage>313</lpage><history><date date-type="accepted"><day>27</day><month>12</month><year>2014</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© The Author(s) 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><license xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/" license-type="creative-commons"><license-p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0/</ext-link>), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. For commercial re-use, please contact journals.permissions@oup.com</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>Ascorbic acid (AsA) is an important antioxidant in plants and an essential vitamin for humans. Extending the study of AsA-related genes from <italic>Arabidopsis thaliana</italic> to <italic>Brassica rapa</italic> could shed light on the evolution of AsA in plants and inform crop breeding. In this study, we conducted whole-genome annotation, molecular-evolution and gene-expression analyses of all known AsA-related genes in <italic>B. rapa</italic>. The nucleobase–ascorbate transporter (NAT) gene family and AsA <sc>l</sc>-galactose pathway genes were also compared among plant species. Four important insights gained are that: 1) 102 AsA-related gene were identified in <italic>B. rapa</italic> and they mainly diverged 12–18 Ma accompanied by the <italic>Brassica</italic>-specific genome triplication event; 2) during their evolution, these AsA-related genes were preferentially retained, consistent with the gene dosage hypothesis; 3) the putative proteins were highly conserved, but their expression patterns varied; and 4) although the number of AsA-related genes is higher in <italic>B. rapa</italic> than in <italic>A. thaliana</italic>, the AsA contents and the numbers of expressed genes in leaves of both species are similar, the genes that are not generally expressed may serve as substitutes during emergencies. In summary, this study provides genome-wide insights into evolutionary history and mechanisms of AsA-related genes following whole-genome triplication in <italic>B. rapa</italic>.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>AsA-related genes</kwd><kwd><italic>Brassica rapa</italic></kwd><kwd>evolutionary conservation</kwd><kwd>synteny analysis</kwd><kwd>gene dosage hypothesis</kwd><kwd>expression pattern</kwd></kwd-group><counts><page-count count="15"></page-count></counts></article-meta></front></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>République populaire de Chine</li></country></list><tree><country name="République populaire de Chine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Duan, Weike" sort="Duan, Weike" uniqKey="Duan W" first="Weike" last="Duan">Weike Duan</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Du, Jianchang" sort="Du, Jianchang" uniqKey="Du J" first="Jianchang" last="Du">Jianchang Du</name><name sortKey="Du, Jianchang" sort="Du, Jianchang" uniqKey="Du J" first="Jianchang" last="Du">Jianchang Du</name><name sortKey="Hou, Xilin" sort="Hou, Xilin" uniqKey="Hou X" first="Xilin" last="Hou">Xilin Hou</name><name sortKey="Huang, Zhinan" sort="Huang, Zhinan" uniqKey="Huang Z" first="Zhinan" last="Huang">Zhinan Huang</name><name sortKey="Li, Ying" sort="Li, Ying" uniqKey="Li Y" first="Ying" last="Li">Ying Li</name><name sortKey="Liu, Tongkun" sort="Liu, Tongkun" uniqKey="Liu T" first="Tongkun" last="Liu">Tongkun Liu</name><name sortKey="Ren, Jun" sort="Ren, Jun" uniqKey="Ren J" first="Jun" last="Ren">Jun Ren</name><name sortKey="Song, Xiaoming" sort="Song, Xiaoming" uniqKey="Song X" first="Xiaoming" last="Song">Xiaoming Song</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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