Clinicians, cooks, and cashiers: Examining health equity and the COVID-19 risks to essential workers.
Identifieur interne : 000022 ( Main/Corpus ); précédent : 000021; suivant : 000023Clinicians, cooks, and cashiers: Examining health equity and the COVID-19 risks to essential workers.
Auteurs : Jennifer D. Roberts ; Katherine L. Dickinson ; Elizabeth Koebele ; Lindsay Neuberger ; Natalie Banacos ; Danielle Blanch-Hartigan ; Courtney Welton-Mitchell ; Thomas A. BirklandSource :
- Toxicology and industrial health [ 1477-0393 ] ; 2020.
Abstract
In Spring/Summer 2020, most individuals living in the United States experienced several months of social distancing and stay-at-home orders because of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Clinicians, restaurant cooks, cashiers, transit operators, and other essential workers (EWs), however, continued to work outside the home during this time in order to keep others alive and maintain a functioning society. In the United States, EWs are often low-income persons of color who are more likely to face socioeconomic vulnerabilities, systemic racism, and health inequities. To assess the various impacts of COVID-19 on EWs, an online survey was distributed to a representative sample of individuals residing in six states during May/June 2020. The sample included 990 individuals who identified as EWs and 736 nonessential workers (NWs). We assessed differences between EW and NW respondents according to three categories related to health equity and social determinants of health: (1) demographics (e.g. race/ethnicity); (2) COVID-19 exposure risk pathways (e.g. ability to social distance); and (3) COVID-19 risk perceptions (e.g. perceived risk of contracting COVID-19). EWs were more likely to be Black or Hispanic than NWs and also had lower incomes and education levels on average. Unsurprisingly, EWs were substantially more likely to report working outside the home and less likely to report social distancing and wearing masks indoors as compared to NWs. EWs also perceived a slightly greater risk of contracting COVID-19. These findings, which we discuss in the context of persistent structural inequalities, systemic racism, and health inequities within the United States, highlight ways in which COVID-19 exacerbates existing socioeconomic vulnerabilities faced by EWs.
DOI: 10.1177/0748233720970439
PubMed: 33241763
PubMed Central: PMC7691477
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Dickinson</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, 144805Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koebele, Elizabeth" sort="Koebele, Elizabeth" uniqKey="Koebele E" first="Elizabeth" last="Koebele">Elizabeth Koebele</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Political Science, 6851University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Neuberger, Lindsay" sort="Neuberger, Lindsay" uniqKey="Neuberger L" first="Lindsay" last="Neuberger">Lindsay Neuberger</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Nicholson School of Communication and Media, 6243University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Banacos, Natalie" sort="Banacos, Natalie" uniqKey="Banacos N" first="Natalie" last="Banacos">Natalie Banacos</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, 144805Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blanch Hartigan, Danielle" sort="Blanch Hartigan, Danielle" uniqKey="Blanch Hartigan D" first="Danielle" last="Blanch-Hartigan">Danielle Blanch-Hartigan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, 8243Bentley University, Waltham, MA, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Welton Mitchell, Courtney" sort="Welton Mitchell, Courtney" uniqKey="Welton Mitchell C" first="Courtney" last="Welton-Mitchell">Courtney Welton-Mitchell</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, 144805Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Birkland, Thomas A" sort="Birkland, Thomas A" uniqKey="Birkland T" first="Thomas A" last="Birkland">Thomas A. 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Roberts</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, 1068University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Dickinson, Katherine L" sort="Dickinson, Katherine L" uniqKey="Dickinson K" first="Katherine L" last="Dickinson">Katherine L. Dickinson</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, 144805Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Koebele, Elizabeth" sort="Koebele, Elizabeth" uniqKey="Koebele E" first="Elizabeth" last="Koebele">Elizabeth Koebele</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Political Science, 6851University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Neuberger, Lindsay" sort="Neuberger, Lindsay" uniqKey="Neuberger L" first="Lindsay" last="Neuberger">Lindsay Neuberger</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Nicholson School of Communication and Media, 6243University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Banacos, Natalie" sort="Banacos, Natalie" uniqKey="Banacos N" first="Natalie" last="Banacos">Natalie Banacos</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, 144805Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Blanch Hartigan, Danielle" sort="Blanch Hartigan, Danielle" uniqKey="Blanch Hartigan D" first="Danielle" last="Blanch-Hartigan">Danielle Blanch-Hartigan</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, 8243Bentley University, Waltham, MA, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Welton Mitchell, Courtney" sort="Welton Mitchell, Courtney" uniqKey="Welton Mitchell C" first="Courtney" last="Welton-Mitchell">Courtney Welton-Mitchell</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, 144805Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Birkland, Thomas A" sort="Birkland, Thomas A" uniqKey="Birkland T" first="Thomas A" last="Birkland">Thomas A. Birkland</name><affiliation><nlm:affiliation>Department of Public Administration, 6798NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.</nlm:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Toxicology and industrial health</title><idno type="eISSN">1477-0393</idno><imprint><date when="2020" type="published">2020</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">In Spring/Summer 2020, most individuals living in the United States experienced several months of social distancing and stay-at-home orders because of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Clinicians, restaurant cooks, cashiers, transit operators, and other essential workers (EWs), however, continued to work outside the home during this time in order to keep others alive and maintain a functioning society. In the United States, EWs are often low-income persons of color who are more likely to face socioeconomic vulnerabilities, systemic racism, and health inequities. To assess the various impacts of COVID-19 on EWs, an online survey was distributed to a representative sample of individuals residing in six states during May/June 2020. The sample included 990 individuals who identified as EWs and 736 nonessential workers (NWs). We assessed differences between EW and NW respondents according to three categories related to health equity and social determinants of health: (1) demographics (e.g. race/ethnicity); (2) COVID-19 exposure risk pathways (e.g. ability to social distance); and (3) COVID-19 risk perceptions (e.g. perceived risk of contracting COVID-19). EWs were more likely to be Black or Hispanic than NWs and also had lower incomes and education levels on average. Unsurprisingly, EWs were substantially more likely to report working outside the home and less likely to report social distancing and wearing masks indoors as compared to NWs. EWs also perceived a slightly greater risk of contracting COVID-19. These findings, which we discuss in the context of persistent structural inequalities, systemic racism, and health inequities within the United States, highlight ways in which COVID-19 exacerbates existing socioeconomic vulnerabilities faced by EWs.</div></front></TEI><pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="In-Process" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">33241763</PMID><DateRevised><Year>2020</Year><Month>12</Month><Day>09</Day></DateRevised><Article PubModel="Print"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1477-0393</ISSN><JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>36</Volume><Issue>9</Issue><PubDate><Year>2020</Year><Month>Sep</Month></PubDate></JournalIssue><Title>Toxicology and industrial health</Title><ISOAbbreviation>Toxicol Ind Health</ISOAbbreviation></Journal><ArticleTitle>Clinicians, cooks, and cashiers: Examining health equity and the COVID-19 risks to essential workers.</ArticleTitle><Pagination><MedlinePgn>689-702</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1177/0748233720970439</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>In Spring/Summer 2020, most individuals living in the United States experienced several months of social distancing and stay-at-home orders because of the coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. Clinicians, restaurant cooks, cashiers, transit operators, and other essential workers (EWs), however, continued to work outside the home during this time in order to keep others alive and maintain a functioning society. In the United States, EWs are often low-income persons of color who are more likely to face socioeconomic vulnerabilities, systemic racism, and health inequities. To assess the various impacts of COVID-19 on EWs, an online survey was distributed to a representative sample of individuals residing in six states during May/June 2020. The sample included 990 individuals who identified as EWs and 736 nonessential workers (NWs). We assessed differences between EW and NW respondents according to three categories related to health equity and social determinants of health: (1) demographics (e.g. race/ethnicity); (2) COVID-19 exposure risk pathways (e.g. ability to social distance); and (3) COVID-19 risk perceptions (e.g. perceived risk of contracting COVID-19). EWs were more likely to be Black or Hispanic than NWs and also had lower incomes and education levels on average. Unsurprisingly, EWs were substantially more likely to report working outside the home and less likely to report social distancing and wearing masks indoors as compared to NWs. EWs also perceived a slightly greater risk of contracting COVID-19. These findings, which we discuss in the context of persistent structural inequalities, systemic racism, and health inequities within the United States, highlight ways in which COVID-19 exacerbates existing socioeconomic vulnerabilities faced by EWs.</AbstractText></Abstract><AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Roberts</LastName><ForeName>Jennifer D</ForeName><Initials>JD</Initials><Identifier Source="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1850-4341</Identifier><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Kinesiology, School of Public Health, 1068University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Dickinson</LastName><ForeName>Katherine L</ForeName><Initials>KL</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, 144805Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Koebele</LastName><ForeName>Elizabeth</ForeName><Initials>E</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Political Science, 6851University of Nevada, Reno, NV, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Neuberger</LastName><ForeName>Lindsay</ForeName><Initials>L</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Nicholson School of Communication and Media, 6243University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Banacos</LastName><ForeName>Natalie</ForeName><Initials>N</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, 144805Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Blanch-Hartigan</LastName><ForeName>Danielle</ForeName><Initials>D</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Natural and Applied Sciences, 8243Bentley University, Waltham, MA, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Welton-Mitchell</LastName><ForeName>Courtney</ForeName><Initials>C</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, 144805Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz, Aurora, CO, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Birkland</LastName><ForeName>Thomas A</ForeName><Initials>TA</Initials><AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Public Administration, 6798NC State University, Raleigh, NC, USA.</Affiliation></AffiliationInfo></Author></AuthorList><Language>eng</Language><PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType></PublicationTypeList></Article><MedlineJournalInfo><Country>England</Country><MedlineTA>Toxicol Ind 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