A Review of Automatic Patient Identification Options for Public Health Care Centers with Restricted Budgets
Identifieur interne : 000335 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000334; suivant : 000336A Review of Automatic Patient Identification Options for Public Health Care Centers with Restricted Budgets
Auteurs : Rebeca I. García-Betances [Venezuela] ; M Nica K. Huerta [Venezuela]Source :
- Online Journal of Public Health Informatics [ 1947-2579 ] ; 2012.
Abstract
A comparative review is presented of available technologies suitable for automatic reading of patient identification bracelet tags. Existing technologies’ backgrounds, characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, are described in relation to their possible use by public health care centers with budgetary limitations. A comparative assessment is presented of suitable automatic identification systems based on graphic codes, both one- (1D) and two-dimensional (2D), printed on labels, as well as those based on radio frequency identification (RFID) tags. The analysis looks at the tradeoffs of these technologies to provide guidance to hospital administrator looking to deploy patient identification technology. The results suggest that affordable automatic patient identification systems can be easily and inexpensively implemented using 2D code printed on low cost bracelet labels, which can then be read and automatically decoded by ordinary mobile smart phones. Because of mobile smart phones’ present versatility and ubiquity, the implantation and operation of 2D code, and especially Quick Response® (QR) Code, technology emerges as a very attractive alternative to automate the patients’ identification processes in low-budget situations.
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DOI: 10.5210/ojphi.v4i1.4011
PubMed: 23569629
PubMed Central: 3615806
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">A Review of Automatic Patient Identification Options for Public Health Care Centers with Restricted Budgets</title><author><name sortKey="Garcia Betances, Rebeca I" sort="Garcia Betances, Rebeca I" uniqKey="Garcia Betances R" first="Rebeca I." last="García-Betances">Rebeca I. García-Betances</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ojphi-04-9">Networks and Applied Telematics Group (GRETA), Simón Bolívar University, Caracas, Venezuela.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Venezuela</country><wicri:regionArea>Networks and Applied Telematics Group (GRETA), Simón Bolívar University, Caracas</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Caracas</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huerta, M Nica K" sort="Huerta, M Nica K" uniqKey="Huerta M" first="M Nica K." last="Huerta">M Nica K. Huerta</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ojphi-04-9">Networks and Applied Telematics Group (GRETA), Simón Bolívar University, Caracas, Venezuela.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Venezuela</country><wicri:regionArea>Networks and Applied Telematics Group (GRETA), Simón Bolívar University, Caracas</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Caracas</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">23569629</idno><idno type="pmc">3615806</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3615806</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3615806</idno><idno type="doi">10.5210/ojphi.v4i1.4011</idno><date when="2012">2012</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000507</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000507</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000507</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000507</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000335</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000335</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">A Review of Automatic Patient Identification Options for Public Health Care Centers with Restricted Budgets</title><author><name sortKey="Garcia Betances, Rebeca I" sort="Garcia Betances, Rebeca I" uniqKey="Garcia Betances R" first="Rebeca I." last="García-Betances">Rebeca I. García-Betances</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ojphi-04-9">Networks and Applied Telematics Group (GRETA), Simón Bolívar University, Caracas, Venezuela.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Venezuela</country><wicri:regionArea>Networks and Applied Telematics Group (GRETA), Simón Bolívar University, Caracas</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Caracas</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Huerta, M Nica K" sort="Huerta, M Nica K" uniqKey="Huerta M" first="M Nica K." last="Huerta">M Nica K. Huerta</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="af1-ojphi-04-9">Networks and Applied Telematics Group (GRETA), Simón Bolívar University, Caracas, Venezuela.</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr" wicri:curation="lc">Venezuela</country><wicri:regionArea>Networks and Applied Telematics Group (GRETA), Simón Bolívar University, Caracas</wicri:regionArea><wicri:noRegion>Caracas</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Online Journal of Public Health Informatics</title><idno type="eISSN">1947-2579</idno><imprint><date when="2012">2012</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>A comparative review is presented of available technologies suitable for automatic reading of patient identification bracelet tags. Existing technologies’ backgrounds, characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, are described in relation to their possible use by public health care centers with budgetary limitations. A comparative assessment is presented of suitable automatic identification systems based on graphic codes, both one- (1D) and two-dimensional (2D), printed on labels, as well as those based on radio frequency identification (RFID) tags. The analysis looks at the tradeoffs of these technologies to provide guidance to hospital administrator looking to deploy patient identification technology. The results suggest that affordable automatic patient identification systems can be easily and inexpensively implemented using 2D code printed on low cost bracelet labels, which can then be read and automatically decoded by ordinary mobile smart phones. Because of mobile smart phones’ present versatility and ubiquity, the implantation and operation of 2D code, and especially Quick Response® (QR) Code, technology emerges as a very attractive alternative to automate the patients’ identification processes in low-budget situations.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cangialosi, A" uniqKey="Cangialosi A">A Cangialosi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Monaly, J" uniqKey="Monaly J">J Monaly</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Frisch, P" uniqKey="Frisch P">P Frisch</name></author><author><name sortKey="Miodownik, S" uniqKey="Miodownik S">S Miodownik</name></author><author><name sortKey="Booth, P" uniqKey="Booth P">P Booth</name></author><author><name sortKey="Carragee, P" uniqKey="Carragee P">P Carragee</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dowlin, M" uniqKey="Dowlin M">M 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Online J Public Health Inform</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Online J Public Health Inform</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">OJPHI</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Online Journal of Public Health Informatics</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1947-2579</issn><publisher><publisher-name>University of Illinois at Chicago Library</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">23569629</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3615806</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.5210/ojphi.v4i1.4011</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">ojphi-04-9</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Articles</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>A Review of Automatic Patient Identification Options for Public Health Care Centers with Restricted Budgets</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>García-Betances</surname><given-names>Rebeca I.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-ojphi-04-9"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="c1-ojphi-04-9"></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Huerta</surname><given-names>Mónica K.</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1-ojphi-04-9"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="af1-ojphi-04-9"><label>1</label>Networks and Applied Telematics Group (GRETA), Simón Bolívar University, Caracas, Venezuela.</aff><author-notes><corresp id="c1-ojphi-04-9">Corresponding Author: Rebeca I. García-Betances, Networks and Applied Telematics Group (GRETA), Simón Bolívar University, Apdo Postal 89000, Caracas 1080, Venezuela, E-mail: <email>rebecaisabel@gmail.com</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2012</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>5</month><year>2012</year></pub-date><volume>4</volume><issue>1</issue><elocation-id>ojphi.v4i1.4011</elocation-id><permissions><copyright-statement>©2012 the author(s)</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2012</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://www.uic.edu/htbin/cgiwrap/bin/ojs/index.php/ojphi/about/submissions#copyrightNotice"><license-p>This is an Open Access article. Authors own copyright of their articles appearing in the Online Journal of Public Health Informatics. Readers may copy articles without permission of the copyright owner(s), as long as the author and OJPHI are acknowledged in the copy and the copy is used for educational, not-for-profit purposes.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>A comparative review is presented of available technologies suitable for automatic reading of patient identification bracelet tags. Existing technologies’ backgrounds, characteristics, advantages and disadvantages, are described in relation to their possible use by public health care centers with budgetary limitations. A comparative assessment is presented of suitable automatic identification systems based on graphic codes, both one- (1D) and two-dimensional (2D), printed on labels, as well as those based on radio frequency identification (RFID) tags. The analysis looks at the tradeoffs of these technologies to provide guidance to hospital administrator looking to deploy patient identification technology. The results suggest that affordable automatic patient identification systems can be easily and inexpensively implemented using 2D code printed on low cost bracelet labels, which can then be read and automatically decoded by ordinary mobile smart phones. Because of mobile smart phones’ present versatility and ubiquity, the implantation and operation of 2D code, and especially Quick Response® (QR) Code, technology emerges as a very attractive alternative to automate the patients’ identification processes in low-budget situations.</p></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>Patient identification</kwd><kwd>Automatic identification</kwd><kwd>2D Codes</kwd><kwd>RFID</kwd><kwd>ID tags</kwd><kwd>EHR</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="f1-ojphi-04-9" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>General structure of 1D codes.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ojphi-04-9f1"></graphic></fig><fig id="f2-ojphi-04-9" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Historic evolution of graphic codes [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b6-ojphi-04-9">6</xref>].</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ojphi-04-9f2"></graphic></fig><fig id="f3-ojphi-04-9" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><p>QR Code characteristic patterns</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="ojphi-04-9f3"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="t1-ojphi-04-9" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Comparison of relevant characteristics of three 2D code types [<xref ref-type="bibr" rid="b9-ojphi-04-9">9</xref>]</p></caption><table frame="box" rules="all"><thead><tr><th colspan="2" align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1">Name:</th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>PDF417</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Data Matrix</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>QR Code</bold></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1">Appearance:</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><graphic xlink:href="ojphi-04-9i01"></graphic></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><graphic xlink:href="ojphi-04-9i02"></graphic></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><graphic xlink:href="ojphi-04-9i03"></graphic></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1">Source:</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Symbol Technol. (USA)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">RVSI Acuity CiMatrix (USA)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DENSO (Japan)</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1">Type:</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Stacked 1D Bars</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2D Matrix</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2D Matrix</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="4" colspan="1">Storage Capacity</td><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Numer.</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2710</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3116</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7089</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">α-num.</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1850</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2355</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4296</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Binary</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1018</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1556</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2953</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Kanji</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">554</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">778</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1817</td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1">Advantages</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Higher capacity than Bar Code.</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">High capacity, Small size.</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">High capacity, Small size, High scanning speed, Error correction.</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t2-ojphi-04-9" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Comparison of three major technologies suitable for automatic patient identification</p></caption><table frame="box" rules="all"><thead><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Features</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>1D Codes</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>2D Codes</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>RFID</bold></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Encoding Method:</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Printed variable-width parallel bars.</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Printed two-dimensional geometric patterns.</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Radio Frequency tag.</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Type of decoder:</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Dedicated optical scanner.</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Camera- equipped smart phone or PDA, dedicated scanner.</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Special dedicated RF reader device.</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Stored data:</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Reference number.</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Descriptive (general data, web links, contact, etc.)</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Unique identification number (UIN)</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Type of data:</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Numeric, alphanumeric, ASCII, control</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Numeric, alphanumeric, binary, Kanji.</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Numeric, alphanumeric, binary.</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Data Security / Error Correction Method:</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Although optional in some types, most use <italic>Checksum</italic>.</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>Reed-Solomon</italic> coding: adds redundancy. Partially corrupted code can be read.</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">No inherent error correction, but frequently include error correction codes</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Capacity (characters):</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Up to 30</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Numeric: 138 to 7089<break></break>Alphanumeric: 93 to 4296 <break></break>Binary: 1556 to 2953<break></break>Kanji: 778 to 1817.</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">From 512 bits to 512 kBytes. Active tags have greater capacity than passive ones.</td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Advantages:</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>- High speed data capture.</p></list-item><list-item><p>- Reliability.</p></list-item><list-item><p>- Integration with database.</p></list-item><list-item><p>- Easily printed low-cost labels.</p></list-item></list></td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>- Short range<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn1-ojphi-04-9">*</xref></sup>.</p></list-item><list-item><p>- High storage capacity, small size.</p></list-item><list-item><p>- Stores diverse kinds of data.</p></list-item><list-item><p>- Easily printed low-cost labels.</p></list-item><list-item><p>- Inherent error correction.</p></list-item><list-item><p>- Smart phone readable.</p></list-item></list></td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>- High-storage capacity.</p></list-item><list-item><p>- Read and write allowed.</p></list-item><list-item><p>- Can be automatically scanned.</p></list-item><list-item><p>- Can act as biosensor.</p></list-item></list></td></tr><tr><td align="left" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Disadvantages:</td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>- Low-storage capacity.</p></list-item><list-item><p>- Limitations on the types of data they can store.</p></list-item></list></td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>- Must be manually scanned.</p></list-item></list></td><td align="left" valign="top" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><list list-type="simple"><list-item><p>- Long range<sup><xref ref-type="table-fn" rid="tfn1-ojphi-04-9">*</xref></sup>.</p></list-item><list-item><p>- Complex use and set up.</p></list-item><list-item><p>- needs special tags and dedicated readers.</p></list-item><list-item><p>-Security issues.</p></list-item></list></td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn id="tfn1-ojphi-04-9"><label>(*)</label><p>Referred to unambiguous patient ID applications.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="t3-ojphi-04-9" position="float"><label>Table 3</label><caption><p>Cost comparison of 2D and RFID technologies</p></caption><table frame="box" rules="all"><thead><tr><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>2D Codes</bold></th><th align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>RFID</bold></th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Labels / Tags</bold></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Optional</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">$10 / 100 - 400</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Reading Device</bold></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">$150 - 400</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">$1500 - 3000</td></tr><tr><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>Printer</bold></td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Optional</td><td align="center" valign="middle" rowspan="1" colspan="1">$3000 (smart labels)</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc><affiliations><list><country><li>Venezuela</li></country></list><tree><country name="Venezuela"><noRegion><name sortKey="Garcia Betances, Rebeca I" sort="Garcia Betances, Rebeca I" uniqKey="Garcia Betances R" first="Rebeca I." last="García-Betances">Rebeca I. García-Betances</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Huerta, M Nica K" sort="Huerta, M Nica K" uniqKey="Huerta M" first="M Nica K." last="Huerta">M Nica K. Huerta</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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