Non-commercial surrogacy: an account of patient management in the first Dutch Centre for IVF Surrogacy, from 1997 to 2004
Identifieur interne : 001110 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001109; suivant : 001111Non-commercial surrogacy: an account of patient management in the first Dutch Centre for IVF Surrogacy, from 1997 to 2004
Auteurs : Sylvia Dermout ; Harry Van De Wiel ; Peter Heintz ; Kees Jansen ; Willem AnkumSource :
- Human Reproduction [ 0268-1161 ] ; 2010-02.
Abstract
BACKGROUND Surrogacy was prohibited in the Netherlands until 1994, at which time the Dutch law was changed from the general prohibition of surrogacy to the prohibition of commercial surrogacy. This paper describes the results from the first and only Dutch Centre for Non-commercial IVF Surrogacy between 1997 and 2004. METHODS A prospective study was conducted of all intended parents, and surrogate mothers and their partners (if present), in which medical, psychological and legal aspects of patient selection were assessed by questionnaires and interviews developed for this study. RESULTS More than 500 couples enquired about surrogacy by telephone or e-mail. More than 200 couples applied for surrogacy in the Centre, of which, after extensive screening, 35 couples actually entered the IVF programme and 24 completed the treatment, resulting in 16 children being born to 13 women. Recommendations for non-commercial surrogacy are given, including abandoning the 1-year waiting period before adoption, currently dictated by law, avoiding a period of unnecessary psychological distress. CONCLUSIONS Our study has shown that non-commercial IVF surrogacy is feasible, with good results in terms of pregnancy outcome and psychological outcome for all parents, and with no legal problems relating to the adoption procedures arising. The extensive screening of medical, psychological and legal aspects was a key element in helping to ensure the safety and success of the procedure.
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DOI: 10.1093/humrep/dep410
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<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title>Non-commercial surrogacy: an account of patient management in the first Dutch Centre for IVF Surrogacy, from 1997 to 2004</title><author><name sortKey="Dermout, Sylvia" sort="Dermout, Sylvia" uniqKey="Dermout S" first="Sylvia" last="Dermout">Sylvia Dermout</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zaans Medisch Centrum, PO Box 210, 1500 EE Zaandam, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: sylvia@dermout.nl</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van De Wiel, Harry" sort="Van De Wiel, Harry" uniqKey="Van De Wiel H" first="Harry" last="Van De Wiel">Harry Van De Wiel</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Wenckebach Institute, University Medical Centre, Groningen, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heintz, Peter" sort="Heintz, Peter" uniqKey="Heintz P" first="Peter" last="Heintz">Peter Heintz</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jansen, Kees" sort="Jansen, Kees" uniqKey="Jansen K" first="Kees" last="Jansen">Kees Jansen</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Reinier de Graaf Groep, Voorburg, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ankum, Willem" sort="Ankum, Willem" uniqKey="Ankum W" first="Willem" last="Ankum">Willem Ankum</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">ISTEX</idno><idno type="RBID">ISTEX:8263755FA40C71684FF359FD24BBC8095E208235</idno><date when="2010" year="2010">2010</date><idno type="doi">10.1093/humrep/dep410</idno><idno type="url">https://api.istex.fr/document/8263755FA40C71684FF359FD24BBC8095E208235/fulltext/pdf</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Istex/Corpus">001110</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a">Non-commercial surrogacy: an account of patient management in the first Dutch Centre for IVF Surrogacy, from 1997 to 2004</title><author><name sortKey="Dermout, Sylvia" sort="Dermout, Sylvia" uniqKey="Dermout S" first="Sylvia" last="Dermout">Sylvia Dermout</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zaans Medisch Centrum, PO Box 210, 1500 EE Zaandam, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation><affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: sylvia@dermout.nl</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Van De Wiel, Harry" sort="Van De Wiel, Harry" uniqKey="Van De Wiel H" first="Harry" last="Van De Wiel">Harry Van De Wiel</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Wenckebach Institute, University Medical Centre, Groningen, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Heintz, Peter" sort="Heintz, Peter" uniqKey="Heintz P" first="Peter" last="Heintz">Peter Heintz</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jansen, Kees" sort="Jansen, Kees" uniqKey="Jansen K" first="Kees" last="Jansen">Kees Jansen</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Reinier de Graaf Groep, Voorburg, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ankum, Willem" sort="Ankum, Willem" uniqKey="Ankum W" first="Willem" last="Ankum">Willem Ankum</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Human Reproduction</title><idno type="ISSN">0268-1161</idno><idno type="eISSN">1460-2350</idno><imprint><publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher><date type="published" when="2010-02">2010-02</date><biblScope unit="volume">25</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="443">443</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="449">449</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">0268-1161</idno></series><idno type="istex">8263755FA40C71684FF359FD24BBC8095E208235</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1093/humrep/dep410</idno><idno type="ArticleID">dep410</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0268-1161</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract">BACKGROUND Surrogacy was prohibited in the Netherlands until 1994, at which time the Dutch law was changed from the general prohibition of surrogacy to the prohibition of commercial surrogacy. This paper describes the results from the first and only Dutch Centre for Non-commercial IVF Surrogacy between 1997 and 2004. METHODS A prospective study was conducted of all intended parents, and surrogate mothers and their partners (if present), in which medical, psychological and legal aspects of patient selection were assessed by questionnaires and interviews developed for this study. RESULTS More than 500 couples enquired about surrogacy by telephone or e-mail. More than 200 couples applied for surrogacy in the Centre, of which, after extensive screening, 35 couples actually entered the IVF programme and 24 completed the treatment, resulting in 16 children being born to 13 women. Recommendations for non-commercial surrogacy are given, including abandoning the 1-year waiting period before adoption, currently dictated by law, avoiding a period of unnecessary psychological distress. CONCLUSIONS Our study has shown that non-commercial IVF surrogacy is feasible, with good results in terms of pregnancy outcome and psychological outcome for all parents, and with no legal problems relating to the adoption procedures arising. The extensive screening of medical, psychological and legal aspects was a key element in helping to ensure the safety and success of the procedure.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>oup</corpusName><author><json:item><name>Sylvia Dermout</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zaans Medisch Centrum, PO Box 210, 1500 EE Zaandam, The Netherlands</json:string><json:string>E-mail: sylvia@dermout.nl</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Harry van de Wiel</name><affiliations><json:string>Wenckebach Institute, University Medical Centre, Groningen, The Netherlands</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Peter Heintz</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Kees Jansen</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Reinier de Graaf Groep, Voorburg, The Netherlands</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Willem Ankum</name><affiliations><json:string>Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</json:string></affiliations></json:item></author><subject><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>surrogacy</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>IVF/ICSI outcome</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>counselling</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>infertility</value></json:item><json:item><lang><json:string>eng</json:string></lang><value>assisted reproduction</value></json:item></subject><articleId><json:string>dep410</json:string></articleId><language><json:string>eng</json:string></language><originalGenre><json:string>research-article</json:string></originalGenre><abstract>BACKGROUND Surrogacy was prohibited in the Netherlands until 1994, at which time the Dutch law was changed from the general prohibition of surrogacy to the prohibition of commercial surrogacy. This paper describes the results from the first and only Dutch Centre for Non-commercial IVF Surrogacy between 1997 and 2004. METHODS A prospective study was conducted of all intended parents, and surrogate mothers and their partners (if present), in which medical, psychological and legal aspects of patient selection were assessed by questionnaires and interviews developed for this study. RESULTS More than 500 couples enquired about surrogacy by telephone or e-mail. More than 200 couples applied for surrogacy in the Centre, of which, after extensive screening, 35 couples actually entered the IVF programme and 24 completed the treatment, resulting in 16 children being born to 13 women. Recommendations for non-commercial surrogacy are given, including abandoning the 1-year waiting period before adoption, currently dictated by law, avoiding a period of unnecessary psychological distress. CONCLUSIONS Our study has shown that non-commercial IVF surrogacy is feasible, with good results in terms of pregnancy outcome and psychological outcome for all parents, and with no legal problems relating to the adoption procedures arising. The extensive screening of medical, psychological and legal aspects was a key element in helping to ensure the safety and success of the procedure.</abstract><qualityIndicators><score>8.305</score><pdfVersion>1.5</pdfVersion><pdfPageSize>612.283 x 790.866 pts</pdfPageSize><refBibsNative>true</refBibsNative><keywordCount>5</keywordCount><abstractCharCount>1480</abstractCharCount><pdfWordCount>4665</pdfWordCount><pdfCharCount>29163</pdfCharCount><pdfPageCount>7</pdfPageCount><abstractWordCount>220</abstractWordCount></qualityIndicators><title>Non-commercial surrogacy: an account of patient management in the first Dutch Centre for IVF Surrogacy, from 1997 to 2004</title><genre><json:string>research-article</json:string></genre><host><volume>25</volume><publisherId><json:string>humrep</json:string></publisherId><pages><last>449</last><first>443</first></pages><issn><json:string>0268-1161</json:string></issn><issue>2</issue><genre><json:string>journal</json:string></genre><language><json:string>unknown</json:string></language><eissn><json:string>1460-2350</json:string></eissn><title>Human Reproduction</title></host><categories><wos><json:string>OBSTETRICS & GYNECOLOGY</json:string><json:string>REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY</json:string></wos></categories><publicationDate>2010</publicationDate><copyrightDate>2010</copyrightDate><doi><json:string>10.1093/humrep/dep410</json:string></doi><id>8263755FA40C71684FF359FD24BBC8095E208235</id><score>0.23751307</score><fulltext><json:item><original>true</original><mimetype>application/pdf</mimetype><extension>pdf</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/8263755FA40C71684FF359FD24BBC8095E208235/fulltext/pdf</uri></json:item><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>application/zip</mimetype><extension>zip</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/8263755FA40C71684FF359FD24BBC8095E208235/fulltext/zip</uri></json:item><istex:fulltextTEI uri="https://api.istex.fr/document/8263755FA40C71684FF359FD24BBC8095E208235/fulltext/tei"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title level="a">Non-commercial surrogacy: an account of patient management in the first Dutch Centre for IVF Surrogacy, from 1997 to 2004</title></titleStmt><publicationStmt><authority>ISTEX</authority><publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher><availability><p>The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology.</p></availability><date>2009-11-27</date></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct type="inbook"><analytic><title level="a">Non-commercial surrogacy: an account of patient management in the first Dutch Centre for IVF Surrogacy, from 1997 to 2004</title><author xml:id="author-1"><persName><forename type="first">Sylvia</forename><surname>Dermout</surname></persName><email>sylvia@dermout.nl</email><affiliation>Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zaans Medisch Centrum, PO Box 210, 1500 EE Zaandam, The Netherlands</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-2"><persName><forename type="first">Harry</forename><surname>van de Wiel</surname></persName><affiliation>Wenckebach Institute, University Medical Centre, Groningen, The Netherlands</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-3"><persName><forename type="first">Peter</forename><surname>Heintz</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-4"><persName><forename type="first">Kees</forename><surname>Jansen</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Reinier de Graaf Groep, Voorburg, The Netherlands</affiliation></author><author xml:id="author-5"><persName><forename type="first">Willem</forename><surname>Ankum</surname></persName><affiliation>Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Human Reproduction</title><idno type="pISSN">0268-1161</idno><idno type="eISSN">1460-2350</idno><imprint><publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher><date type="published" when="2010-02"></date><biblScope unit="volume">25</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">2</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="443">443</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="449">449</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">8263755FA40C71684FF359FD24BBC8095E208235</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1093/humrep/dep410</idno><idno type="ArticleID">dep410</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2009-11-27</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract><p>BACKGROUND Surrogacy was prohibited in the Netherlands until 1994, at which time the Dutch law was changed from the general prohibition of surrogacy to the prohibition of commercial surrogacy. This paper describes the results from the first and only Dutch Centre for Non-commercial IVF Surrogacy between 1997 and 2004. METHODS A prospective study was conducted of all intended parents, and surrogate mothers and their partners (if present), in which medical, psychological and legal aspects of patient selection were assessed by questionnaires and interviews developed for this study. RESULTS More than 500 couples enquired about surrogacy by telephone or e-mail. More than 200 couples applied for surrogacy in the Centre, of which, after extensive screening, 35 couples actually entered the IVF programme and 24 completed the treatment, resulting in 16 children being born to 13 women. Recommendations for non-commercial surrogacy are given, including abandoning the 1-year waiting period before adoption, currently dictated by law, avoiding a period of unnecessary psychological distress. CONCLUSIONS Our study has shown that non-commercial IVF surrogacy is feasible, with good results in terms of pregnancy outcome and psychological outcome for all parents, and with no legal problems relating to the adoption procedures arising. The extensive screening of medical, psychological and legal aspects was a key element in helping to ensure the safety and success of the procedure.</p></abstract><textClass><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>keywords</head><item><term>surrogacy</term></item><item><term>IVF/ICSI outcome</term></item><item><term>counselling</term></item><item><term>infertility</term></item><item><term>assisted reproduction</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2009-11-27">Created</change><change when="2010-02">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><extension>txt</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/8263755FA40C71684FF359FD24BBC8095E208235/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="corpus oup" wicri:toSee="no header"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:docType PUBLIC="-//NLM//DTD Journal Publishing DTD v2.3 20070202//EN" URI="journalpublishing.dtd" name="istex:docType"></istex:docType><istex:document><article article-type="research-article"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">humrep</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">humrep</journal-id><journal-title>Human Reproduction</journal-title><issn pub-type="ppub">0268-1161</issn><issn pub-type="epub">1460-2350</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Oxford University Press</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1093/humrep/dep410</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">dep410</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>ORIGINAL ARTICLES</subject><subj-group><subject>Infertility</subject></subj-group></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Non-commercial surrogacy: an account of patient management in the first Dutch Centre for IVF Surrogacy, from 1997 to 2004</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Dermout</surname><given-names>Sylvia</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af1">1</xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1">6</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>van de Wiel</surname><given-names>Harry</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af2">2</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Heintz</surname><given-names>Peter</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af3">3</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jansen</surname><given-names>Kees</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af4">4</xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ankum</surname><given-names>Willem</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="af5">5</xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="af1"><label>1</label><addr-line>Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology</addr-line>, <institution>Zaans Medisch Centrum</institution>, <addr-line>PO Box 210, 1500 EE Zaandam</addr-line>, <country>The Netherlands</country></aff><aff id="af2"><label>2</label><institution>Wenckebach Institute, University Medical Centre</institution>, <addr-line>Groningen</addr-line>, <country>The Netherlands</country></aff><aff id="af3"><label>3</label><addr-line>Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology</addr-line>, <institution>University Medical Centre</institution>, <addr-line>Utrecht</addr-line>, <country>The Netherlands</country></aff><aff id="af4"><label>4</label><addr-line>Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology</addr-line>, <institution>Reinier de Graaf Groep</institution>, <addr-line>Voorburg</addr-line>, <country>The Netherlands</country></aff><aff id="af5"><label>5</label><addr-line>Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology</addr-line>, <institution>Academic Medical Centre</institution>, <addr-line>Amsterdam</addr-line>, <country>The Netherlands</country></aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><label>6</label>Correspondence address. E-mail: <email>sylvia@dermout.nl</email></corresp></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>2</month><year>2010</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>11</month><year>2009</year></pub-date><volume>25</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>443</fpage><lpage>449</lpage><history><date date-type="received"><day>8</day><month>8</month><year>2009</year></date><date date-type="rev-recd"><day>24</day><month>10</month><year>2009</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>27</day><month>10</month><year>2009</year></date></history><copyright-statement>© The Author 2009. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2010</copyright-year><license license-type="creative-commons" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.0/uk/"><p>This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/2.5/uk/) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</p></license><abstract><sec><title>BACKGROUND</title><p>Surrogacy was prohibited in the Netherlands until 1994, at which time the Dutch law was changed from the general prohibition of surrogacy to the prohibition of commercial surrogacy. This paper describes the results from the first and only Dutch Centre for Non-commercial IVF Surrogacy between 1997 and 2004.</p></sec><sec><title>METHODS</title><p>A prospective study was conducted of all intended parents, and surrogate mothers and their partners (if present), in which medical, psychological and legal aspects of patient selection were assessed by questionnaires and interviews developed for this study.</p></sec><sec><title>RESULTS</title><p>More than 500 couples enquired about surrogacy by telephone or e-mail. More than 200 couples applied for surrogacy in the Centre, of which, after extensive screening, 35 couples actually entered the IVF programme and 24 completed the treatment, resulting in 16 children being born to 13 women. Recommendations for non-commercial surrogacy are given, including abandoning the 1-year waiting period before adoption, currently dictated by law, avoiding a period of unnecessary psychological distress.</p></sec><sec><title>CONCLUSIONS</title><p>Our study has shown that non-commercial IVF surrogacy is feasible, with good results in terms of pregnancy outcome and psychological outcome for all parents, and with no legal problems relating to the adoption procedures arising. The extensive screening of medical, psychological and legal aspects was a key element in helping to ensure the safety and success of the procedure.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group><kwd>surrogacy</kwd><kwd>IVF/ICSI outcome</kwd><kwd>counselling</kwd><kwd>infertility</kwd><kwd>assisted reproduction</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></article></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo><title>Non-commercial surrogacy: an account of patient management in the first Dutch Centre for IVF Surrogacy, from 1997 to 2004</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA"><title>Non-commercial surrogacy: an account of patient management in the first Dutch Centre for IVF Surrogacy, from 1997 to 2004</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Sylvia</namePart><namePart type="family">Dermout</namePart><affiliation>Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Zaans Medisch Centrum, PO Box 210, 1500 EE Zaandam, The Netherlands</affiliation><affiliation>E-mail: sylvia@dermout.nl</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Harry</namePart><namePart type="family">van de Wiel</namePart><affiliation>Wenckebach Institute, University Medical Centre, Groningen, The Netherlands</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Peter</namePart><namePart type="family">Heintz</namePart><affiliation>Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Medical Centre, Utrecht, The Netherlands</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Kees</namePart><namePart type="family">Jansen</namePart><affiliation>Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Reinier de Graaf Groep, Voorburg, The Netherlands</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Willem</namePart><namePart type="family">Ankum</namePart><affiliation>Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Academic Medical Centre, Amsterdam, The Netherlands</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="research-article" displayLabel="research-article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Oxford University Press</publisher><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2010-02</dateIssued><dateCreated encoding="w3cdtf">2009-11-27</dateCreated><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2010</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType></physicalDescription><abstract>BACKGROUND Surrogacy was prohibited in the Netherlands until 1994, at which time the Dutch law was changed from the general prohibition of surrogacy to the prohibition of commercial surrogacy. This paper describes the results from the first and only Dutch Centre for Non-commercial IVF Surrogacy between 1997 and 2004. METHODS A prospective study was conducted of all intended parents, and surrogate mothers and their partners (if present), in which medical, psychological and legal aspects of patient selection were assessed by questionnaires and interviews developed for this study. RESULTS More than 500 couples enquired about surrogacy by telephone or e-mail. More than 200 couples applied for surrogacy in the Centre, of which, after extensive screening, 35 couples actually entered the IVF programme and 24 completed the treatment, resulting in 16 children being born to 13 women. Recommendations for non-commercial surrogacy are given, including abandoning the 1-year waiting period before adoption, currently dictated by law, avoiding a period of unnecessary psychological distress. CONCLUSIONS Our study has shown that non-commercial IVF surrogacy is feasible, with good results in terms of pregnancy outcome and psychological outcome for all parents, and with no legal problems relating to the adoption procedures arising. The extensive screening of medical, psychological and legal aspects was a key element in helping to ensure the safety and success of the procedure.</abstract><subject><genre>keywords</genre><topic>surrogacy</topic><topic>IVF/ICSI outcome</topic><topic>counselling</topic><topic>infertility</topic><topic>assisted reproduction</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Human Reproduction</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">0268-1161</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1460-2350</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">humrep</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID-hwp">humrep</identifier><part><date>2010</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>25</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>2</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>443</start><end>449</end></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">8263755FA40C71684FF359FD24BBC8095E208235</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1093/humrep/dep410</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">dep410</identifier><accessCondition type="use and reproduction" contentType="copyright">The Author 2009. 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