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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Remote activation of biomolecules in deep tissues using near-infrared-to-UV upconversion nanotransducers</title>
<author><name sortKey="Jayakumar, Muthu Kumara Gnanasammandhan" sort="Jayakumar, Muthu Kumara Gnanasammandhan" uniqKey="Jayakumar M" first="Muthu Kumara Gnanasammandhan" last="Jayakumar">Muthu Kumara Gnanasammandhan Jayakumar</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff1">Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Idris, Niagara Muhammad" sort="Idris, Niagara Muhammad" uniqKey="Idris N" first="Niagara Muhammad" last="Idris">Niagara Muhammad Idris</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff1">Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Yong" sort="Zhang, Yong" uniqKey="Zhang Y" first="Yong" last="Zhang">Yong Zhang</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff1">Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">22582171</idno>
<idno type="pmc">3365215</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3365215</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:3365215</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1073/pnas.1114551109</idno>
<date when="2012">2012</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000291</idno>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Remote activation of biomolecules in deep tissues using near-infrared-to-UV upconversion nanotransducers</title>
<author><name sortKey="Jayakumar, Muthu Kumara Gnanasammandhan" sort="Jayakumar, Muthu Kumara Gnanasammandhan" uniqKey="Jayakumar M" first="Muthu Kumara Gnanasammandhan" last="Jayakumar">Muthu Kumara Gnanasammandhan Jayakumar</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff1">Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Idris, Niagara Muhammad" sort="Idris, Niagara Muhammad" uniqKey="Idris N" first="Niagara Muhammad" last="Idris">Niagara Muhammad Idris</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff1">Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zhang, Yong" sort="Zhang, Yong" uniqKey="Zhang Y" first="Yong" last="Zhang">Yong Zhang</name>
<affiliation><nlm:aff wicri:cut="; and" id="aff1">Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><nlm:aff id="aff2">Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456</nlm:aff>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0027-8424</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1091-6490</idno>
<imprint><date when="2012">2012</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Controlled activation or release of biomolecules is very crucial in various biological applications. Controlling the activity of biomolecules have been attempted by various means and controlling the activity by light has gained popularity in the past decade. The major hurdle in this process is that photoactivable compounds mostly respond to UV radiation and not to visible or near-infrared (NIR) light. The use of UV irradiation is limited by its toxicity and very low tissue penetration power. In this study, we report the exploitation of the potential of NIR-to-UV upconversion nanoparticles (UCNs), which act as nanotransducers to absorb NIR light having high tissue penetration power and negligible phototoxicity and emit UV light locally, for photoactivation of caged compounds and, in particular, used for photo-controlled gene expression. Both activation and knockdown of GFP was performed in both solution and cells, and patterned activation of GFP was achieved successfully by using upconverted UV light produced by NIR-to-UV UCNs. In-depth photoactivation through tissue phantoms and in vivo activation of caged nucleic acids were also accomplished. The success of this methodology has defined a unique level in the field of photo-controlled activation and delivery of molecules.</p>
</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-comment>The publisher of this article does not allow downloading of the full text in XML form.</pmc-comment>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="hwp">pnas</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="pmc">pnas</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">PNAS</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0027-8424</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1091-6490</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>National Academy of Sciences</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">22582171</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3365215</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">201114551</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1073/pnas.1114551109</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Biological Sciences</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Applied Biological Sciences</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Remote activation of biomolecules in deep tissues using near-infrared-to-UV upconversion nanotransducers</article-title>
<alt-title alt-title-type="short">Remote photoactivation by upconversion</alt-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Jayakumar</surname>
<given-names>Muthu Kumara Gnanasammandhan</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Idris</surname>
<given-names>Niagara Muhammad</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zhang</surname>
<given-names>Yong</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>a</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>b</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<aff id="aff1"><label>a</label>
Department of Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576; and</aff>
<aff id="aff2"><label>b</label>
Graduate School for Integrative Sciences and Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117456</aff>
</contrib-group>
<author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><sup>1</sup>
To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: <email>biezy@nus.edu.sg</email>
.</corresp>
<fn fn-type="edited-by"><p>Edited by David A. Tirrell, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, and approved March 29, 2012 (received for review September 6, 2011)</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="participating-researchers"><p>Author contributions: M.K.G.J. and Y.Z. designed research; M.K.G.J. and N.M.I. performed research; M.K.G.J. and Y.Z. analyzed data; and M.K.G.J. and Y.Z. wrote the paper.</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><day>29</day>
<month>5</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>10</day>
<month>5</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>109</volume>
<issue>22</issue>
<fpage>8483</fpage>
<lpage>8488</lpage>
<page-range>8483-8488</page-range>
<self-uri content-type="pdf" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="pnas.1114551109.pdf"></self-uri>
<abstract><p>Controlled activation or release of biomolecules is very crucial in various biological applications. Controlling the activity of biomolecules have been attempted by various means and controlling the activity by light has gained popularity in the past decade. The major hurdle in this process is that photoactivable compounds mostly respond to UV radiation and not to visible or near-infrared (NIR) light. The use of UV irradiation is limited by its toxicity and very low tissue penetration power. In this study, we report the exploitation of the potential of NIR-to-UV upconversion nanoparticles (UCNs), which act as nanotransducers to absorb NIR light having high tissue penetration power and negligible phototoxicity and emit UV light locally, for photoactivation of caged compounds and, in particular, used for photo-controlled gene expression. Both activation and knockdown of GFP was performed in both solution and cells, and patterned activation of GFP was achieved successfully by using upconverted UV light produced by NIR-to-UV UCNs. In-depth photoactivation through tissue phantoms and in vivo activation of caged nucleic acids were also accomplished. The success of this methodology has defined a unique level in the field of photo-controlled activation and delivery of molecules.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd>siRNA</kwd>
<kwd>mesoporous silica</kwd>
<kwd>uncaging</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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