Historical and current atmospheric deposition to the epilithic lichen Xanthoparmelia in Maricopa County, Arizona
Identifieur interne : 001C97 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001C96; suivant : 001C98Historical and current atmospheric deposition to the epilithic lichen Xanthoparmelia in Maricopa County, Arizona
Auteurs : T. Zschau [États-Unis] ; S. Getty [États-Unis] ; C. Gries [États-Unis] ; Y. Ameron [États-Unis] ; A. Zambrano [États-Unis] ; T. H. Iii Nash [États-Unis]Source :
- Environmental pollution : (1987) [ 0269-7491 ] ; 2003.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- Analyse spectrale, Arizona, Cadmium (analyse), Cuivre (analyse), Lichens (), Nickel (analyse), Oligoéléments (analyse), Oligoéléments (effets indésirables), Plomb (analyse), Polluants atmosphériques (analyse), Polluants atmosphériques (effets indésirables), Pollution de l'air (analyse), Praséodyme (analyse), Surveillance de l'environnement (), Zinc (analyse).
- MESH :
- analyse : Cadmium, Cuivre, Nickel, Oligoéléments, Plomb, Polluants atmosphériques, Pollution de l'air, Praséodyme, Zinc.
- effets indésirables : Oligoéléments, Polluants atmosphériques.
- Pascal (Inist)
- Analyse spectrale, Arizona, Lichens, Pollution air, Métal lourd, Elément trace, Retombée atmosphérique, Surveillance de l'environnement, Variation temporelle, Variation spatiale, Echantillonnage, Indicateur biologique, Espèce épilithique, Analyse chimique, Distribution concentration, Analyse tendance, Inventaire source pollution, Xanthoparmelia.
- Wicri :
- topic : Métal lourd.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Air Pollutants (adverse effects), Air Pollutants (analysis), Air Pollution (analysis), Air pollution, Arizona, Atmospheric fallout, Biological indicator, Cadmium (analysis), Chemical analysis, Concentration distribution, Copper (analysis), Environmental Monitoring (methods), Epilithic species, Heavy metal, Lead (analysis), Lichens (chemistry), Lichens (drug effects), Nickel (analysis), Pollution source inventory, Praseodymium (analysis), Sampling, Spatial variation, Spectrum Analysis, Time variation, Trace Elements (adverse effects), Trace Elements (analysis), Trace element, Trend analysis, Zinc (analysis).
- MESH :
- chemical , adverse effects : Air Pollutants, Trace Elements.
- chemical , analysis : Air Pollutants, Cadmium, Copper, Lead, Nickel, Praseodymium, Trace Elements, Zinc.
- geographic : Arizona.
- analysis : Air Pollution.
- chemistry : Lichens.
- drug effects : Lichens.
- methods : Environmental Monitoring.
- Spectrum Analysis.
Abstract
Spatial patterns of atmospheric deposition of trace elements to an epilithic lichen were assessed using a spatial grid of 28 field sites in 1998 throughout Maricopa County, Arizona, USA. In addition, samples of Xanthoparmelia spp. from Arizona State University lichen herbarium material (1975-1976) was utilized for a limited number of sites in order to explore temporal trends. The lichen material was cleaned, wet digested and analyzed by ICP-MS for a suite of elemental concentrations [antimony (Sb), cadmium (Cd), cerium (Ce), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), dysprosium (Dy), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), gold (Au), holmium (Ho), lead (Pb), lutetium (Lu), neodymium (Nd), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), praseodymium (Pr), samarium (Sm), scandium (Sc), silver (Ag), terbium (Tb), thulium (Tm), tin (Sn), uranium (U), ytterbium (Yb), yttrium (Y), and zinc (Zn)]. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis suggest three major factors, which, depending on regional aerosol fractionation, explain most of the variation in elemental signatures: (1) a group of widely distributed rare earth elements (2) a highly homogenous Co, Cr, Ni, and Sc component representing the influence of mafic rocks, and (3) anthropogenic emissions. Elemental concentrations in Maricopa County lichens were generally comparable to those reported for relatively unpolluted areas. Only highly urbanized regions, such as the greater Phoenix Metropolitan Area and the NW corner of the county, exhibited elevated concentrations for Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd. Lead levels in lichens have fallen over the last 30 years by 71%, while Zn concentrations for some regions have increased by as much as 245%. From the spatial pattern of elemental deposition for Cd, Cu, Ni, Pr, Pb, and Cu, we infer that agriculture, mining, industrial activities, and traffic probably are the major air pollutant sources in Maricopa County.
Affiliations:
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Zschau</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Plant Biology, Arizona State University, Box 871601</s1><s2>Tempe, AZ 85287-1601</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Tempe, AZ 85287-1601</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Getty, S" sort="Getty, S" uniqKey="Getty S" first="S." last="Getty">S. Getty</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Department of Geosciences, University of New Mexico</s1><s2>Albuquerque, NM</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Albuquerque, NM</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Currently Biological Sciences Curriculum Study, 5415 Mark Dabling Blvd</s1><s2>Colorado Springs, CO 80918-3842</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Colorado Springs, CO 80918-3842</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gries, C" sort="Gries, C" uniqKey="Gries C" first="C." last="Gries">C. Gries</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Plant Biology, Arizona State University, Box 871601</s1><s2>Tempe, AZ 85287-1601</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Tempe, AZ 85287-1601</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ameron, Y" sort="Ameron, Y" uniqKey="Ameron Y" first="Y." last="Ameron">Y. Ameron</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>Department of Geosciences, University of New Mexico</s1><s2>Albuquerque, NM</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Albuquerque, NM</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Zambrano, A" sort="Zambrano, A" uniqKey="Zambrano A" first="A." last="Zambrano">A. Zambrano</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Plant Biology, Arizona State University, Box 871601</s1><s2>Tempe, AZ 85287-1601</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Tempe, AZ 85287-1601</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Nash, T H Iii" sort="Nash, T H Iii" uniqKey="Nash T" first="T. H. Iii" last="Nash">T. H. Iii Nash</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Department of Plant Biology, Arizona State University, Box 871601</s1><s2>Tempe, AZ 85287-1601</s2><s3>USA</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>États-Unis</country><wicri:noRegion>Tempe, AZ 85287-1601</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j" type="main">Environmental pollution : (1987)</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Environ. pollut. : (1987)</title><idno type="ISSN">0269-7491</idno><imprint><date when="2003">2003</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">Environmental pollution : (1987)</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">Environ. pollut. : (1987)</title><idno type="ISSN">0269-7491</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Air Pollutants (adverse effects)</term><term>Air Pollutants (analysis)</term><term>Air Pollution (analysis)</term><term>Air pollution</term><term>Arizona</term><term>Atmospheric fallout</term><term>Biological indicator</term><term>Cadmium (analysis)</term><term>Chemical analysis</term><term>Concentration distribution</term><term>Copper (analysis)</term><term>Environmental Monitoring (methods)</term><term>Epilithic species</term><term>Heavy metal</term><term>Lead (analysis)</term><term>Lichens (chemistry)</term><term>Lichens (drug effects)</term><term>Nickel (analysis)</term><term>Pollution source inventory</term><term>Praseodymium (analysis)</term><term>Sampling</term><term>Spatial variation</term><term>Spectrum Analysis</term><term>Time variation</term><term>Trace Elements (adverse effects)</term><term>Trace Elements (analysis)</term><term>Trace element</term><term>Trend analysis</term><term>Zinc (analysis)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Analyse spectrale</term><term>Arizona</term><term>Cadmium (analyse)</term><term>Cuivre (analyse)</term><term>Lichens ()</term><term>Nickel (analyse)</term><term>Oligoéléments (analyse)</term><term>Oligoéléments (effets indésirables)</term><term>Plomb (analyse)</term><term>Polluants atmosphériques (analyse)</term><term>Polluants atmosphériques (effets indésirables)</term><term>Pollution de l'air (analyse)</term><term>Praséodyme (analyse)</term><term>Surveillance de l'environnement ()</term><term>Zinc (analyse)</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="adverse effects" xml:lang="en"><term>Air Pollutants</term><term>Trace Elements</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="analysis" xml:lang="en"><term>Air Pollutants</term><term>Cadmium</term><term>Copper</term><term>Lead</term><term>Nickel</term><term>Praseodymium</term><term>Trace Elements</term><term>Zinc</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" type="geographic" xml:lang="en"><term>Arizona</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="analyse" xml:lang="fr"><term>Cadmium</term><term>Cuivre</term><term>Nickel</term><term>Oligoéléments</term><term>Plomb</term><term>Polluants atmosphériques</term><term>Pollution de l'air</term><term>Praséodyme</term><term>Zinc</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="analysis" xml:lang="en"><term>Air Pollution</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="chemistry" xml:lang="en"><term>Lichens</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="drug effects" xml:lang="en"><term>Lichens</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="effets indésirables" xml:lang="fr"><term>Oligoéléments</term><term>Polluants atmosphériques</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="methods" xml:lang="en"><term>Environmental Monitoring</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Spectrum Analysis</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Analyse spectrale</term><term>Arizona</term><term>Lichens</term><term>Pollution air</term><term>Métal lourd</term><term>Elément trace</term><term>Retombée atmosphérique</term><term>Surveillance de l'environnement</term><term>Variation temporelle</term><term>Variation spatiale</term><term>Echantillonnage</term><term>Indicateur biologique</term><term>Espèce épilithique</term><term>Analyse chimique</term><term>Distribution concentration</term><term>Analyse tendance</term><term>Inventaire source pollution</term><term>Xanthoparmelia</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Métal lourd</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Spatial patterns of atmospheric deposition of trace elements to an epilithic lichen were assessed using a spatial grid of 28 field sites in 1998 throughout Maricopa County, Arizona, USA. In addition, samples of Xanthoparmelia spp. from Arizona State University lichen herbarium material (1975-1976) was utilized for a limited number of sites in order to explore temporal trends. The lichen material was cleaned, wet digested and analyzed by ICP-MS for a suite of elemental concentrations [antimony (Sb), cadmium (Cd), cerium (Ce), chromium (Cr), cobalt (Co), copper (Cu), dysprosium (Dy), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), gold (Au), holmium (Ho), lead (Pb), lutetium (Lu), neodymium (Nd), nickel (Ni), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), praseodymium (Pr), samarium (Sm), scandium (Sc), silver (Ag), terbium (Tb), thulium (Tm), tin (Sn), uranium (U), ytterbium (Yb), yttrium (Y), and zinc (Zn)]. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis suggest three major factors, which, depending on regional aerosol fractionation, explain most of the variation in elemental signatures: (1) a group of widely distributed rare earth elements (2) a highly homogenous Co, Cr, Ni, and Sc component representing the influence of mafic rocks, and (3) anthropogenic emissions. Elemental concentrations in Maricopa County lichens were generally comparable to those reported for relatively unpolluted areas. Only highly urbanized regions, such as the greater Phoenix Metropolitan Area and the NW corner of the county, exhibited elevated concentrations for Zn, Cu, Pb, and Cd. Lead levels in lichens have fallen over the last 30 years by 71%, while Zn concentrations for some regions have increased by as much as 245%. From the spatial pattern of elemental deposition for Cd, Cu, Ni, Pr, Pb, and Cu, we infer that agriculture, mining, industrial activities, and traffic probably are the major air pollutant sources in Maricopa County.</div></front></TEI><affiliations><list><country><li>États-Unis</li></country></list><tree><country name="États-Unis"><noRegion><name sortKey="Zschau, T" sort="Zschau, T" uniqKey="Zschau T" first="T." last="Zschau">T. Zschau</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Ameron, Y" sort="Ameron, Y" uniqKey="Ameron Y" first="Y." last="Ameron">Y. Ameron</name><name sortKey="Getty, S" sort="Getty, S" uniqKey="Getty S" first="S." last="Getty">S. Getty</name><name sortKey="Getty, S" sort="Getty, S" uniqKey="Getty S" first="S." last="Getty">S. Getty</name><name sortKey="Gries, C" sort="Gries, C" uniqKey="Gries C" first="C." last="Gries">C. Gries</name><name sortKey="Nash, T H Iii" sort="Nash, T H Iii" uniqKey="Nash T" first="T. H. Iii" last="Nash">T. H. Iii Nash</name><name sortKey="Zambrano, A" sort="Zambrano, A" uniqKey="Zambrano A" first="A." last="Zambrano">A. Zambrano</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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