End-of-life nickel-cadmium accumulators: characterization of electrode materials and industrial Black Mass
Identifieur interne : 000164 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 000163; suivant : 000165End-of-life nickel-cadmium accumulators: characterization of electrode materials and industrial Black Mass
Auteurs : Claire Hazotte [France] ; Nathalie Leclerc [France] ; Sebastien Diliberto [France] ; Eric Meux [France] ; François Lapicque [France]Source :
- Environmental Technology [ 0959-3330 ] ; 2015-03.
Abstract
The aim of this paper is the characterization of spent NiCd batteries and the characterization of an industrial Black Mass obtained after crushing spent NiCd batteries and physical separation in a treatment plant. The characterization was first performed with five cylindrical NiCd batteries which were manually dismantled. Their characterization includes mass balance of the components, active powders elemental analysis and phase identification by X-ray powder diffraction. Chemical speciation of the two metals was also investigated. For cadmium, speciation was previously developed on solid synthetic samples. In a spent battery, the active powders correspond to about 43% of the battery weight. The other components are the separator and polymeric pieces (5%), the support plates (25%) and the carbon steel external case (27%). The sequential procedure shows that the nickel in the positive powders from the dismantled Ni-Cd batteries is distributed between Ni-0 (39.7%), Ni(OH)(2) (58.5%) and NiOOH (1.8%). Cadmium in the negative powder is about 99.9% as the Cd(OH)(2) form with 0.1% of metal cadmium. In the industrial Black Mass, the distribution of cadmium is the same, whereas the distribution of nickel is Ni-0 (46.9%), Ni(OH)(2) (43.2%) and NiOOH (9.9%). This material contains also 1.8% cobalt and approx. 1% iron.
Url:
DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2014.962621
Affiliations:
- France
- Grand Est, Lorraine (région)
- Metz, Nancy
- Centre national de la recherche scientifique, Laboratoire réactions et génie des procédés, Université de Lorraine
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
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- to stream Hal, to step Checkpoint: 000159
- to stream Main, to step Merge: 000164
- to stream Main, to step Curation: 000164
Le document en format XML
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<orgName>Institut Jean Lamour</orgName>
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<orgName>Université de Lorraine</orgName>
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<desc><address><addrLine>34 cours Léopold - CS 25233 - 54052 Nancy cedex</addrLine>
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<country>France</country>
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<author><name sortKey="Lapicque, Francois" sort="Lapicque, Francois" uniqKey="Lapicque F" first="François" last="Lapicque">François Lapicque</name>
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<orgName>Laboratoire Réactions et Génie des Procédés</orgName>
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<date type="start">2013-01-01</date>
<desc><address><addrLine>Université de Lorraine - ENSIC, 1 rue de Grandville BP 20451, 54001 Nancy Cedex</addrLine>
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<country>France</country>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Nancy</settlement>
<settlement type="city">Metz</settlement>
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<region type="old region" nuts="2">Lorraine (région)</region>
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<idno type="DOI">10.1080/09593330.2014.962621</idno>
<series><title level="j">Environmental Technology</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0959-3330</idno>
<imprint><date type="datePub">2015-03</date>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The aim of this paper is the characterization of spent NiCd batteries and the characterization of an industrial Black Mass obtained after crushing spent NiCd batteries and physical separation in a treatment plant. The characterization was first performed with five cylindrical NiCd batteries which were manually dismantled. Their characterization includes mass balance of the components, active powders elemental analysis and phase identification by X-ray powder diffraction. Chemical speciation of the two metals was also investigated. For cadmium, speciation was previously developed on solid synthetic samples. In a spent battery, the active powders correspond to about 43% of the battery weight. The other components are the separator and polymeric pieces (5%), the support plates (25%) and the carbon steel external case (27%). The sequential procedure shows that the nickel in the positive powders from the dismantled Ni-Cd batteries is distributed between Ni-0 (39.7%), Ni(OH)(2) (58.5%) and NiOOH (1.8%). Cadmium in the negative powder is about 99.9% as the Cd(OH)(2) form with 0.1% of metal cadmium. In the industrial Black Mass, the distribution of cadmium is the same, whereas the distribution of nickel is Ni-0 (46.9%), Ni(OH)(2) (43.2%) and NiOOH (9.9%). This material contains also 1.8% cobalt and approx. 1% iron.</div>
</front>
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<affiliations><list><country><li>France</li>
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<region><li>Grand Est</li>
<li>Lorraine (région)</li>
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<li>Nancy</li>
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<li>Université de Lorraine</li>
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<tree><country name="France"><region name="Grand Est"><name sortKey="Hazotte, Claire" sort="Hazotte, Claire" uniqKey="Hazotte C" first="Claire" last="Hazotte">Claire Hazotte</name>
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<name sortKey="Diliberto, Sebastien" sort="Diliberto, Sebastien" uniqKey="Diliberto S" first="Sebastien" last="Diliberto">Sebastien Diliberto</name>
<name sortKey="Lapicque, Francois" sort="Lapicque, Francois" uniqKey="Lapicque F" first="François" last="Lapicque">François Lapicque</name>
<name sortKey="Leclerc, Nathalie" sort="Leclerc, Nathalie" uniqKey="Leclerc N" first="Nathalie" last="Leclerc">Nathalie Leclerc</name>
<name sortKey="Meux, Eric" sort="Meux, Eric" uniqKey="Meux E" first="Eric" last="Meux">Eric Meux</name>
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