End-of-life nickel-cadmium accumulators: characterization of electrode materials and industrial Black Mass
Identifieur interne : 000159 ( Hal/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000158; suivant : 000160End-of-life nickel-cadmium accumulators: characterization of electrode materials and industrial Black Mass
Auteurs : Claire Hazotte [France] ; Nathalie Leclerc [France] ; Sebastien Diliberto [France] ; Eric Meux [France] ; François Lapicque [France]Source :
- Environmental Technology [ 0959-3330 ] ; 2015-03.
Abstract
The aim of this paper is the characterization of spent NiCd batteries and the characterization of an industrial Black Mass obtained after crushing spent NiCd batteries and physical separation in a treatment plant. The characterization was first performed with five cylindrical NiCd batteries which were manually dismantled. Their characterization includes mass balance of the components, active powders elemental analysis and phase identification by X-ray powder diffraction. Chemical speciation of the two metals was also investigated. For cadmium, speciation was previously developed on solid synthetic samples. In a spent battery, the active powders correspond to about 43% of the battery weight. The other components are the separator and polymeric pieces (5%), the support plates (25%) and the carbon steel external case (27%). The sequential procedure shows that the nickel in the positive powders from the dismantled Ni-Cd batteries is distributed between Ni-0 (39.7%), Ni(OH)(2) (58.5%) and NiOOH (1.8%). Cadmium in the negative powder is about 99.9% as the Cd(OH)(2) form with 0.1% of metal cadmium. In the industrial Black Mass, the distribution of cadmium is the same, whereas the distribution of nickel is Ni-0 (46.9%), Ni(OH)(2) (43.2%) and NiOOH (9.9%). This material contains also 1.8% cobalt and approx. 1% iron.
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DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2014.962621
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ENSIC, 1 rue de Grandville BP 20451, 54001 Nancy Cedex</addrLine><country key="FR"></country></address><ref type="url">http://lrgp.univ-lorraine.fr/</ref></desc><listRelation><relation active="#struct-413289" type="direct"></relation><relation name="UMR7274" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"></relation></listRelation><tutelles><tutelle active="#struct-413289" type="direct"><org type="institution" xml:id="struct-413289" status="VALID"><idno type="IdRef">157040569</idno><idno type="IdUnivLorraine">[UL]100--</idno><orgName>Université de Lorraine</orgName><orgName type="acronym">UL</orgName><date type="start">2012-01-01</date><desc><address><addrLine>34 cours Léopold - CS 25233 - 54052 Nancy cedex</addrLine><country key="FR"></country></address><ref type="url">http://www.univ-lorraine.fr/</ref></desc></org></tutelle><tutelle name="UMR7274" active="#struct-441569" type="direct"><org type="institution" xml:id="struct-441569" status="VALID"><idno type="ISNI">0000000122597504</idno><idno type="IdRef">02636817X</idno><orgName>Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique</orgName><orgName type="acronym">CNRS</orgName><date type="start">1939-10-19</date><desc><address><country key="FR"></country></address><ref type="url">http://www.cnrs.fr/</ref></desc></org></tutelle></tutelles></hal:affiliation><country>France</country><placeName><settlement type="city">Nancy</settlement><settlement type="city">Metz</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Grand Est</region><region type="old region" nuts="2">Lorraine (région)</region></placeName><orgName type="university">Université de Lorraine</orgName><placeName><settlement type="city">Nancy</settlement><region type="region" nuts="2">Grand Est</region><region type="region" nuts="2">Lorraine (région)</region></placeName><orgName type="laboratoire" n="5">Laboratoire réactions et génie des procédés</orgName><orgName type="university">Université de Lorraine</orgName><orgName type="institution">Centre national de la recherche scientifique</orgName></affiliation></author></analytic><idno type="DOI">10.1080/09593330.2014.962621</idno><series><title level="j">Environmental Technology</title><idno type="ISSN">0959-3330</idno><imprint><date type="datePub">2015-03</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">The aim of this paper is the characterization of spent NiCd batteries and the characterization of an industrial Black Mass obtained after crushing spent NiCd batteries and physical separation in a treatment plant. The characterization was first performed with five cylindrical NiCd batteries which were manually dismantled. Their characterization includes mass balance of the components, active powders elemental analysis and phase identification by X-ray powder diffraction. Chemical speciation of the two metals was also investigated. For cadmium, speciation was previously developed on solid synthetic samples. In a spent battery, the active powders correspond to about 43% of the battery weight. The other components are the separator and polymeric pieces (5%), the support plates (25%) and the carbon steel external case (27%). The sequential procedure shows that the nickel in the positive powders from the dismantled Ni-Cd batteries is distributed between Ni-0 (39.7%), Ni(OH)(2) (58.5%) and NiOOH (1.8%). Cadmium in the negative powder is about 99.9% as the Cd(OH)(2) form with 0.1% of metal cadmium. In the industrial Black Mass, the distribution of cadmium is the same, whereas the distribution of nickel is Ni-0 (46.9%), Ni(OH)(2) (43.2%) and NiOOH (9.9%). This material contains also 1.8% cobalt and approx. 1% iron.</div></front></TEI><hal api="V3"><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">End-of-life nickel-cadmium accumulators: characterization of electrode materials and industrial Black Mass</title><author role="aut"><persName><forename type="first">Claire</forename><surname>Hazotte</surname></persName><email></email><idno type="halauthor">1285003</idno><affiliation ref="#struct-104710"></affiliation></author><author role="aut"><persName><forename type="first">Nathalie</forename><surname>Leclerc</surname></persName><email></email><idno type="halauthor">999568</idno><affiliation ref="#struct-104710"></affiliation></author><author role="aut"><persName><forename type="first">Sebastien</forename><surname>Diliberto</surname></persName><email></email><idno type="halauthor">1285962</idno><affiliation ref="#struct-104710"></affiliation></author><author role="aut"><persName><forename type="first">Eric</forename><surname>Meux</surname></persName><email></email><idno type="halauthor">1285004</idno><affiliation ref="#struct-104710"></affiliation></author><author role="aut"><persName><forename type="first">François</forename><surname>Lapicque</surname></persName><email></email><idno type="halauthor">89639</idno><affiliation ref="#struct-211875"></affiliation></author><editor role="depositor"><persName><forename>LRGP</forename><surname>UL</surname></persName><email>ddoc-appuirecherche-lrgp@univ-lorraine.fr</email></editor></titleStmt><editionStmt><edition n="v1" type="current"><date type="whenSubmitted">2016-02-04 10:10:34</date><date type="whenModified">2016-05-10 16:53:59</date><date type="whenReleased">2016-02-04 10:10:34</date><date type="whenProduced">2015-03</date></edition><respStmt><resp>contributor</resp><name key="329568"><persName><forename>LRGP</forename><surname>UL</surname></persName><email>ddoc-appuirecherche-lrgp@univ-lorraine.fr</email></name></respStmt></editionStmt><publicationStmt><distributor>CCSD</distributor><idno type="halId">hal-01267208</idno><idno type="halUri">https://hal.univ-lorraine.fr/hal-01267208</idno><idno type="halBibtex">hazotte:hal-01267208</idno><idno type="halRefHtml">Environmental Technology, Taylor & Francis: STM, Behavioural Science and Public Health Titles, 2015, 36 (6), pp.796-805. <10.1080/09593330.2014.962621></idno><idno type="halRef">Environmental Technology, Taylor & Francis: STM, Behavioural Science and Public Health Titles, 2015, 36 (6), pp.796-805. <10.1080/09593330.2014.962621></idno></publicationStmt><seriesStmt><idno type="stamp" n="UNIV-LORRAINE">Université de Lorraine</idno><idno type="stamp" n="CNRS">CNRS - Centre national de la recherche scientifique</idno><idno type="stamp" n="INC-CNRS">Institut de Chimie du CNRS</idno><idno type="stamp" n="IJL-UL">Institut Jean Lamour</idno><idno type="stamp" n="LRGP-UL">LRGP</idno></seriesStmt><notesStmt><note type="audience" n="2">International</note><note type="popular" n="0">No</note><note type="peer" n="1">Yes</note></notesStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">End-of-life nickel-cadmium accumulators: characterization of electrode materials and industrial Black Mass</title><author role="aut"><persName><forename type="first">Claire</forename><surname>Hazotte</surname></persName><idno type="halAuthorId">1285003</idno><affiliation ref="#struct-104710"></affiliation></author><author role="aut"><persName><forename type="first">Nathalie</forename><surname>Leclerc</surname></persName><idno type="halAuthorId">999568</idno><affiliation ref="#struct-104710"></affiliation></author><author role="aut"><persName><forename type="first">Sebastien</forename><surname>Diliberto</surname></persName><idno type="halAuthorId">1285962</idno><affiliation ref="#struct-104710"></affiliation></author><author role="aut"><persName><forename type="first">Eric</forename><surname>Meux</surname></persName><idno type="halAuthorId">1285004</idno><affiliation ref="#struct-104710"></affiliation></author><author role="aut"><persName><forename type="first">François</forename><surname>Lapicque</surname></persName><idno type="halAuthorId">89639</idno><affiliation ref="#struct-211875"></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><idno type="halJournalId" status="VALID">22294</idno><idno type="issn">0959-3330</idno><title level="j">Environmental Technology</title><imprint><publisher>Taylor & Francis: STM, Behavioural Science and Public Health Titles</publisher><biblScope unit="volume">36</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">6</biblScope><biblScope unit="pp">796-805</biblScope><date type="datePub">2015-03</date></imprint></monogr><idno type="doi">10.1080/09593330.2014.962621</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><profileDesc><langUsage><language ident="en">English</language></langUsage><textClass><classCode scheme="halDomain" n="chim">Chemical Sciences</classCode><classCode scheme="halTypology" n="ART">Journal articles</classCode></textClass><abstract xml:lang="en">The aim of this paper is the characterization of spent NiCd batteries and the characterization of an industrial Black Mass obtained after crushing spent NiCd batteries and physical separation in a treatment plant. The characterization was first performed with five cylindrical NiCd batteries which were manually dismantled. Their characterization includes mass balance of the components, active powders elemental analysis and phase identification by X-ray powder diffraction. Chemical speciation of the two metals was also investigated. For cadmium, speciation was previously developed on solid synthetic samples. In a spent battery, the active powders correspond to about 43% of the battery weight. The other components are the separator and polymeric pieces (5%), the support plates (25%) and the carbon steel external case (27%). The sequential procedure shows that the nickel in the positive powders from the dismantled Ni-Cd batteries is distributed between Ni-0 (39.7%), Ni(OH)(2) (58.5%) and NiOOH (1.8%). Cadmium in the negative powder is about 99.9% as the Cd(OH)(2) form with 0.1% of metal cadmium. In the industrial Black Mass, the distribution of cadmium is the same, whereas the distribution of nickel is Ni-0 (46.9%), Ni(OH)(2) (43.2%) and NiOOH (9.9%). This material contains also 1.8% cobalt and approx. 1% iron.</abstract></profileDesc></hal></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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