Environmental and Ecological Risk Assessment of Trace Metal Contamination in Mangrove Ecosystems: A Case from Zhangjiangkou Mangrove National Nature Reserve, China
Identifieur interne : 000403 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000402; suivant : 000404Environmental and Ecological Risk Assessment of Trace Metal Contamination in Mangrove Ecosystems: A Case from Zhangjiangkou Mangrove National Nature Reserve, China
Auteurs : Jun Wang [République populaire de Chine] ; Huihong Du [République populaire de Chine] ; Ye Xu [République populaire de Chine] ; Kai Chen [République populaire de Chine] ; Junhua Liang [République populaire de Chine] ; Hongwei Ke [République populaire de Chine] ; Sha-Yen Cheng [Taïwan] ; Mengyang Liu [République populaire de Chine] ; Hengxiang Deng [République populaire de Chine] ; Tong He [République populaire de Chine] ; Wenqing Wang [République populaire de Chine] ; Minggang Cai [République populaire de Chine]Source :
- BioMed Research International [ 2314-6133 ] ; 2016.
Abstract
Zhangjiangkou Mangrove National Nature Reserve is a subtropical wetland ecosystem in southeast coast of China, which is of dense population and rapid development. The concentrations, sources, and pollution assessment of trace metals (Cu, Cd, Pb, Cr, Zn, As, and Hg) in surface sediment from 29 sites and the biota specimen were investigated for better ecological risk assessment and environmental management. The ranges of trace metals in mg/kg sediment were as follows: Cu (10.79–26.66), Cd (0.03–0.19), Pb (36.71–59.86), Cr (9.67–134.51), Zn (119.69–157.84), As (15.65–31.60), and Hg (0.00–0.08). The sequences of the bioaccumulation of studied metals are Zn > Cu > As > Cr > Pb > Cd > Hg with few exceptions. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis revealed that the trace metals in the studied area mainly derived from anthropogenic activities, such as industrial effluents, agricultural waste, and domestic sewage. Pollution load index and geoaccumulation index were calculated for trace metals in surface sediments, which indicated unpolluted status in general except Pb, Cr, and As.
Url:
DOI: 10.1155/2016/2167053
PubMed: 27795956
PubMed Central: 5067478
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream Pmc, to step Corpus: Pour aller vers cette notice dans l'étape Curation :000404
Links to Exploration step
PMC:5067478Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Environmental and Ecological Risk Assessment of Trace Metal Contamination in Mangrove Ecosystems: A Case from Zhangjiangkou Mangrove National Nature Reserve, China</title><author><name sortKey="Wang, Jun" sort="Wang, Jun" uniqKey="Wang J" first="Jun" last="Wang">Jun Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Coastal and Ocean Management Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Coastal and Ocean Management Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Du, Huihong" sort="Du, Huihong" uniqKey="Du H" first="Huihong" last="Du">Huihong Du</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I4">Xiamen Environmental Protection Bureau, Xiamen 361004, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Xiamen Environmental Protection Bureau, Xiamen 361004</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xu, Ye" sort="Xu, Ye" uniqKey="Xu Y" first="Ye" last="Xu">Ye Xu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Kai" sort="Chen, Kai" uniqKey="Chen K" first="Kai" last="Chen">Kai Chen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Coastal and Ocean Management Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Coastal and Ocean Management Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liang, Junhua" sort="Liang, Junhua" uniqKey="Liang J" first="Junhua" last="Liang">Junhua Liang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ke, Hongwei" sort="Ke, Hongwei" uniqKey="Ke H" first="Hongwei" last="Ke">Hongwei Ke</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cheng, Sha Yen" sort="Cheng, Sha Yen" uniqKey="Cheng S" first="Sha-Yen" last="Cheng">Sha-Yen Cheng</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I5">College of Ocean Science and Resources, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Ocean Science and Resources, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Mengyang" sort="Liu, Mengyang" uniqKey="Liu M" first="Mengyang" last="Liu">Mengyang Liu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deng, Hengxiang" sort="Deng, Hengxiang" uniqKey="Deng H" first="Hengxiang" last="Deng">Hengxiang Deng</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="He, Tong" sort="He, Tong" uniqKey="He T" first="Tong" last="He">Tong He</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Wenqing" sort="Wang, Wenqing" uniqKey="Wang W" first="Wenqing" last="Wang">Wenqing Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I6">College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cai, Minggang" sort="Cai, Minggang" uniqKey="Cai M" first="Minggang" last="Cai">Minggang Cai</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Coastal and Ocean Management Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Coastal and Ocean Management Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I7">State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">27795956</idno><idno type="pmc">5067478</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5067478</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:5067478</idno><idno type="doi">10.1155/2016/2167053</idno><date when="2016">2016</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000404</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000404</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000403</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000403</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Environmental and Ecological Risk Assessment of Trace Metal Contamination in Mangrove Ecosystems: A Case from Zhangjiangkou Mangrove National Nature Reserve, China</title><author><name sortKey="Wang, Jun" sort="Wang, Jun" uniqKey="Wang J" first="Jun" last="Wang">Jun Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Coastal and Ocean Management Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Coastal and Ocean Management Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Du, Huihong" sort="Du, Huihong" uniqKey="Du H" first="Huihong" last="Du">Huihong Du</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I4">Xiamen Environmental Protection Bureau, Xiamen 361004, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Xiamen Environmental Protection Bureau, Xiamen 361004</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Xu, Ye" sort="Xu, Ye" uniqKey="Xu Y" first="Ye" last="Xu">Ye Xu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Kai" sort="Chen, Kai" uniqKey="Chen K" first="Kai" last="Chen">Kai Chen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Coastal and Ocean Management Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Coastal and Ocean Management Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liang, Junhua" sort="Liang, Junhua" uniqKey="Liang J" first="Junhua" last="Liang">Junhua Liang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ke, Hongwei" sort="Ke, Hongwei" uniqKey="Ke H" first="Hongwei" last="Ke">Hongwei Ke</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cheng, Sha Yen" sort="Cheng, Sha Yen" uniqKey="Cheng S" first="Sha-Yen" last="Cheng">Sha-Yen Cheng</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I5">College of Ocean Science and Resources, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">Taïwan</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Ocean Science and Resources, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, Mengyang" sort="Liu, Mengyang" uniqKey="Liu M" first="Mengyang" last="Liu">Mengyang Liu</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Deng, Hengxiang" sort="Deng, Hengxiang" uniqKey="Deng H" first="Hengxiang" last="Deng">Hengxiang Deng</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="He, Tong" sort="He, Tong" uniqKey="He T" first="Tong" last="He">Tong He</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Wenqing" sort="Wang, Wenqing" uniqKey="Wang W" first="Wenqing" last="Wang">Wenqing Wang</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I6">College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Cai, Minggang" sort="Cai, Minggang" uniqKey="Cai M" first="Minggang" last="Cai">Minggang Cai</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I1">Coastal and Ocean Management Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Coastal and Ocean Management Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I2">Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I3">College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102</wicri:regionArea></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="I7">State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China</nlm:aff><country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country><wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102</wicri:regionArea></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">BioMed Research International</title><idno type="ISSN">2314-6133</idno><idno type="eISSN">2314-6141</idno><imprint><date when="2016">2016</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Zhangjiangkou Mangrove National Nature Reserve is a subtropical wetland ecosystem in southeast coast of China, which is of dense population and rapid development. The concentrations, sources, and pollution assessment of trace metals (Cu, Cd, Pb, Cr, Zn, As, and Hg) in surface sediment from 29 sites and the biota specimen were investigated for better ecological risk assessment and environmental management. The ranges of trace metals in mg/kg sediment were as follows: Cu (10.79–26.66), Cd (0.03–0.19), Pb (36.71–59.86), Cr (9.67–134.51), Zn (119.69–157.84), As (15.65–31.60), and Hg (0.00–0.08). The sequences of the bioaccumulation of studied metals are Zn > Cu > As > Cr > Pb > Cd > Hg with few exceptions. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis revealed that the trace metals in the studied area mainly derived from anthropogenic activities, such as industrial effluents, agricultural waste, and domestic sewage. Pollution load index and geoaccumulation index were calculated for trace metals in surface sediments, which indicated unpolluted status in general except Pb, Cr, and As.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bayen, S" uniqKey="Bayen S">S. Bayen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wang, S L" uniqKey="Wang S">S.-L. Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xu, X R" uniqKey="Xu X">X.-R. Xu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sun, Y X" uniqKey="Sun Y">Y.-X. Sun</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, J L" uniqKey="Liu J">J.-L. Liu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, H B" uniqKey="Li H">H.-B. Li</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Alongi, D M" uniqKey="Alongi D">D. M. Alongi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kong, Q" uniqKey="Kong Q">Q. Kong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Z B" uniqKey="Wang Z">Z.-B. Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Shu, L" uniqKey="Shu L">L. Shu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Miao, M S" uniqKey="Miao M">M.-S. Miao</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ren, Z" uniqKey="Ren Z">Z. Ren</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, X" uniqKey="Zhang X">X. Zhang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, X" uniqKey="Wang X">X. Wang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cai, M" uniqKey="Cai M">M. Cai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, Y" uniqKey="Wang Y">Y. Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Qiu, C" uniqKey="Qiu C">C. Qiu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Harbison, P" uniqKey="Harbison P">P. Harbison</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mounier, S" uniqKey="Mounier S">S. Mounier</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lacerda, L D" uniqKey="Lacerda L">L. D. Lacerda</name></author><author><name sortKey="Marins, R V" uniqKey="Marins R">R. V. Marins</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bemaim, J" uniqKey="Bemaim J">J. Bemaim</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yu, R" uniqKey="Yu R">R. Yu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yuan, X" uniqKey="Yuan X">X. Yuan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, Y" uniqKey="Zhao Y">Y. Zhao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hu, G" uniqKey="Hu G">G. Hu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tu, X" uniqKey="Tu X">X. Tu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Alvarez, M B" uniqKey="Alvarez M">M. B. Alvarez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Domini, C E" uniqKey="Domini C">C. E. Domini</name></author><author><name sortKey="Garrido, M" uniqKey="Garrido M">M. Garrido</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lista, A G" uniqKey="Lista A">A. G. Lista</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fernandez Band, B S" uniqKey="Fernandez Band B">B. S. Fernández-Band</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Caille, N" uniqKey="Caille N">N. Caille</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tiffreau, C" uniqKey="Tiffreau C">C. Tiffreau</name></author><author><name sortKey="Leyval, C" uniqKey="Leyval C">C. Leyval</name></author><author><name sortKey="Morel, J L" uniqKey="Morel J">J. L. Morel</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hill, N A" uniqKey="Hill N">N. A. Hill</name></author><author><name sortKey="Simpson, S L" uniqKey="Simpson S">S. L. Simpson</name></author><author><name sortKey="Johnston, E L" uniqKey="Johnston E">E. L. Johnston</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bhattacharya, B D" uniqKey="Bhattacharya B">B. D. Bhattacharya</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nayak, D C" uniqKey="Nayak D">D. C. Nayak</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sarkar, S K" uniqKey="Sarkar S">S. K. Sarkar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Biswas, S N" uniqKey="Biswas S">S. N. Biswas</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rakshit, D" uniqKey="Rakshit D">D. Rakshit</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ahmed, M K" uniqKey="Ahmed M">M. K. Ahmed</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zenobi, M C" uniqKey="Zenobi M">M. C. Zenobi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rueda, E H" uniqKey="Rueda E">E. H. Rueda</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Arruda, M A Z" uniqKey="Arruda M">M. A. Z. Arruda</name></author><author><name sortKey="Azevedo, R A" uniqKey="Azevedo R">R. A. Azevedo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Stewart, A R" uniqKey="Stewart A">A. R. Stewart</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wang, L" uniqKey="Wang L">L. Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ren, Z" uniqKey="Ren Z">Z. Ren</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kim, H" uniqKey="Kim H">H. Kim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xia, C" uniqKey="Xia C">C. Xia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Fu, R" uniqKey="Fu R">R. Fu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chon, T S" uniqKey="Chon T">T.-S. Chon</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yin, L" uniqKey="Yin L">L. Yin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, H" uniqKey="Yang H">H. Yang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Si, G" uniqKey="Si G">G. Si</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mwevura, H" uniqKey="Mwevura H">H. Mwevura</name></author><author><name sortKey="Othman, O C" uniqKey="Othman O">O. C. Othman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mhehe, G L" uniqKey="Mhehe G">G. L. Mhehe</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cantillo, A Y" uniqKey="Cantillo A">A. Y. Cantillo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lauenstein, G G" uniqKey="Lauenstein G">G. G. Lauenstein</name></author><author><name sortKey="O Connor, T P" uniqKey="O Connor T">T. P. O'Connor</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nordhaus, I" uniqKey="Nordhaus I">I. Nordhaus</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wolff, M" uniqKey="Wolff M">M. Wolff</name></author><author><name sortKey="Diele, K" uniqKey="Diele K">K. Diele</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Palpandi, C" uniqKey="Palpandi C">C. Palpandi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kesavan, K" uniqKey="Kesavan K">K. Kesavan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bodin, N" uniqKey="Bodin N">N. Bodin</name></author><author><name sortKey="N Gom Ka, R" uniqKey="N Gom Ka R">R. N'Gom-Kâ</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ka, S" uniqKey="Ka S">S. Kâ</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fernandez Cadena, J C" uniqKey="Fernandez Cadena J">J. C. Fernández-Cadena</name></author><author><name sortKey="Andrade, S" uniqKey="Andrade S">S. Andrade</name></author><author><name sortKey="Silva Coello, C L" uniqKey="Silva Coello C">C. L. Silva-Coello</name></author><author><name sortKey="De La Iglesia, R" uniqKey="De La Iglesia R">R. De la Iglesia</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Nath, B" uniqKey="Nath B">B. Nath</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chaudhuri, P" uniqKey="Chaudhuri P">P. Chaudhuri</name></author><author><name sortKey="Birch, G" uniqKey="Birch G">G. Birch</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sandilyan, S" uniqKey="Sandilyan S">S. Sandilyan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Kathiresan, K" uniqKey="Kathiresan K">K. Kathiresan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Defew, L H" uniqKey="Defew L">L. H. Defew</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mair, J M" uniqKey="Mair J">J. M. Mair</name></author><author><name sortKey="Guzman, H M" uniqKey="Guzman H">H. M. Guzman</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Marchand, C" uniqKey="Marchand C">C. Marchand</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lallier Verges, E" uniqKey="Lallier Verges E">E. Lallier-Vergès</name></author><author><name sortKey="Baltzer, F" uniqKey="Baltzer F">F. Baltzer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Alberic, P" uniqKey="Alberic P">P. Albéric</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cossa, D" uniqKey="Cossa D">D. Cossa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Baillif, P" uniqKey="Baillif P">P. Baillif</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Janaki Raman, D" uniqKey="Janaki Raman D">D. Janaki-Raman</name></author><author><name sortKey="Jonathan, M P" uniqKey="Jonathan M">M. P. Jonathan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Srinivasalu, S" uniqKey="Srinivasalu S">S. Srinivasalu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Armstrong Altrin, J S" uniqKey="Armstrong Altrin J">J. S. Armstrong-Altrin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mohan, S P" uniqKey="Mohan S">S. P. Mohan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ram Mohan, V" uniqKey="Ram Mohan V">V. Ram-Mohan</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tam, N F Y" uniqKey="Tam N">N. F. Y. Tam</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wong, T W Y" uniqKey="Wong T">T. W. Y. Wong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wong, Y S" uniqKey="Wong Y">Y. S. Wong</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ma, H" uniqKey="Ma H">H. Ma</name></author><author><name sortKey="Song, Q" uniqKey="Song Q">Q. Song</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, X" uniqKey="Wang X">X. Wang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Qiu, Y W" uniqKey="Qiu Y">Y.-W. Qiu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yu, K F" uniqKey="Yu K">K.-F. Yu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, G" uniqKey="Zhang G">G. Zhang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wang, W X" uniqKey="Wang W">W.-X. Wang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Xie, C X" uniqKey="Xie C">C. X. Xie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ding, Z H" uniqKey="Ding Z">Z. H. Ding</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gao, W Q" uniqKey="Gao W">W. Q. Gao</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zhang, C X" uniqKey="Zhang C">C. X. Zhang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sun, X L" uniqKey="Sun X">X. L. Sun</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, C L" uniqKey="Chen C">C. L. Chen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jingchun, L" uniqKey="Jingchun L">L. Jingchun</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chongling, Y" uniqKey="Chongling Y">Y. Chongling</name></author><author><name sortKey="Spencer, K L" uniqKey="Spencer K">K. L. Spencer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ruifeng, Z" uniqKey="Ruifeng Z">Z. Ruifeng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Haoliang, L" uniqKey="Haoliang L">L. Haoliang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wang, W" uniqKey="Wang W">W. Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dong, C" uniqKey="Dong C">C. Dong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dong, W" uniqKey="Dong W">W. Dong</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bai, J" uniqKey="Bai J">J. Bai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xiao, R" uniqKey="Xiao R">R. Xiao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cui, B" uniqKey="Cui B">B. Cui</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Li, Z" uniqKey="Li Z">Z. Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, Z" uniqKey="Zhang Z">Z. Zhang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, J" uniqKey="Li J">J. Li</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Liang, Y" uniqKey="Liang Y">Y. Liang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wong, M H" uniqKey="Wong M">M. H. Wong</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cuong, D T" uniqKey="Cuong D">D. T. Cuong</name></author><author><name sortKey="Obbard, J P" uniqKey="Obbard J">J. P. Obbard</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sany, S B T" uniqKey="Sany S">S. B. T. Sany</name></author><author><name sortKey="Salleh, A" uniqKey="Salleh A">A. Salleh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rezayi, M" uniqKey="Rezayi M">M. Rezayi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Saadati, N" uniqKey="Saadati N">N. Saadati</name></author><author><name sortKey="Narimany, L" uniqKey="Narimany L">L. Narimany</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tehrani, G M" uniqKey="Tehrani G">G. M. Tehrani</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Shi, R" uniqKey="Shi R">R. Shi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lin, J" uniqKey="Lin J">J. Lin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ye, Y" uniqKey="Ye Y">Y. Ye</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ma, Y" uniqKey="Ma Y">Y. Ma</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cai, M" uniqKey="Cai M">M. Cai</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Suresh, G" uniqKey="Suresh G">G. Suresh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ramasamy, V" uniqKey="Ramasamy V">V. Ramasamy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Meenakshisundaram, V" uniqKey="Meenakshisundaram V">V. Meenakshisundaram</name></author><author><name sortKey="Venkatachalapathy, R" uniqKey="Venkatachalapathy R">R. Venkatachalapathy</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ponnusamy, V" uniqKey="Ponnusamy V">V. Ponnusamy</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hakanson, L" uniqKey="Hakanson L">L. Hakanson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Maanan, M" uniqKey="Maanan M">M. Maanan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Saddik, M" uniqKey="Saddik M">M. Saddik</name></author><author><name sortKey="Maanan, M" uniqKey="Maanan M">M. Maanan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chaibi, M" uniqKey="Chaibi M">M. Chaibi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Assobhei, O" uniqKey="Assobhei O">O. Assobhei</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zourarah, B" uniqKey="Zourarah B">B. Zourarah</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Muller, G" uniqKey="Muller G">G. Müller</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Loska, K" uniqKey="Loska K">K. Loska</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wiechula, D" uniqKey="Wiechula D">D. Wiechuła</name></author><author><name sortKey="Korus, I" uniqKey="Korus I">I. Korus</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Szefer, P" uniqKey="Szefer P">P. Szefer</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ali, A A" uniqKey="Ali A">A. A. Ali</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ba Haroon, A A" uniqKey="Ba Haroon A">A. A. Ba-Haroon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Rajeh, A A" uniqKey="Rajeh A">A. A. Rajeh</name></author><author><name sortKey="Geldon, J" uniqKey="Geldon J">J. Geldon</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nabrzyski, M" uniqKey="Nabrzyski M">M. Nabrzyski</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Usero, J" uniqKey="Usero J">J. Usero</name></author><author><name sortKey="Morillo, J" uniqKey="Morillo J">J. Morillo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Gracia, I" uniqKey="Gracia I">I. Gracia</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chen, T B" uniqKey="Chen T">T.-B. Chen</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zheng, Y M" uniqKey="Zheng Y">Y.-M. Zheng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lei, M" uniqKey="Lei M">M. Lei</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sun, Y" uniqKey="Sun Y">Y. Sun</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhou, Q" uniqKey="Zhou Q">Q. Zhou</name></author><author><name sortKey="Xie, X" uniqKey="Xie X">X. Xie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Liu, R" uniqKey="Liu R">R. Liu</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yi, Y" uniqKey="Yi Y">Y. Yi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, Z" uniqKey="Yang Z">Z. Yang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhang, S" uniqKey="Zhang S">S. Zhang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Clark, M W" uniqKey="Clark M">M. W. Clark</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mcconchie, D" uniqKey="Mcconchie D">D. McConchie</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lewis, D W" uniqKey="Lewis D">D. W. Lewis</name></author><author><name sortKey="Saenger, P" uniqKey="Saenger P">P. Saenger</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tam, N F Y" uniqKey="Tam N">N. F. Y. Tam</name></author><author><name sortKey="Wong, Y S" uniqKey="Wong Y">Y. S. Wong</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fu, J" uniqKey="Fu J">J. Fu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, C" uniqKey="Zhao C">C. Zhao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Luo, Y" uniqKey="Luo Y">Y. Luo</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mclaughlin, M J" uniqKey="Mclaughlin M">M. J. McLaughlin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Tiller, K G" uniqKey="Tiller K">K. G. Tiller</name></author><author><name sortKey="Naidu, R" uniqKey="Naidu R">R. Naidu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Stevens, D P" uniqKey="Stevens D">D. P. Stevens</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kimura, Y" uniqKey="Kimura Y">Y. Kimura</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hsu, H" uniqKey="Hsu H">H. Hsu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Toyama, H" uniqKey="Toyama H">H. Toyama</name></author><author><name sortKey="Senda, M" uniqKey="Senda M">M. Senda</name></author><author><name sortKey="Alpert, N M" uniqKey="Alpert N">N. M. Alpert</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bhuiyan, M A H" uniqKey="Bhuiyan M">M. A. H. Bhuiyan</name></author><author><name sortKey="Islam, M A" uniqKey="Islam M">M. A. Islam</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dampare, S B" uniqKey="Dampare S">S. B. Dampare</name></author><author><name sortKey="Parvez, L" uniqKey="Parvez L">L. Parvez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Suzuki, S" uniqKey="Suzuki S">S. Suzuki</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hu, B" uniqKey="Hu B">B. Hu</name></author><author><name sortKey="Li, J" uniqKey="Li J">J. Li</name></author><author><name sortKey="Zhao, J" uniqKey="Zhao J">J. Zhao</name></author><author><name sortKey="Yang, J" uniqKey="Yang J">J. Yang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bai, F" uniqKey="Bai F">F. Bai</name></author><author><name sortKey="Dou, Y" uniqKey="Dou Y">Y. Dou</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lin, Y P" uniqKey="Lin Y">Y.-P. Lin</name></author><author><name sortKey="Teng, T P" uniqKey="Teng T">T.-P. Teng</name></author><author><name sortKey="Chang, T K" uniqKey="Chang T">T.-K. Chang</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Roesijadi, G" uniqKey="Roesijadi G">G. Roesijadi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Robinson, W E" uniqKey="Robinson W">W. E. Robinson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Canli, M" uniqKey="Canli M">M. Canli</name></author><author><name sortKey="Furness, R W" uniqKey="Furness R">R. W. Furness</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Saha, M" uniqKey="Saha M">M. Saha</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sarkar, S K" uniqKey="Sarkar S">S. K. Sarkar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bhattacharya, B" uniqKey="Bhattacharya B">B. Bhattacharya</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Segovia Zavala, J A" uniqKey="Segovia Zavala J">J. A. Segovia-Zavala</name></author><author><name sortKey="Delgadillo Hinojosa, F" uniqKey="Delgadillo Hinojosa F">F. Delgadillo-Hinojosa</name></author><author><name sortKey="Vidal Talamantes, R" uniqKey="Vidal Talamantes R">R. Vidal-Talamantes</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Okazaki, Y" uniqKey="Okazaki Y">Y. Okazaki</name></author><author><name sortKey="Takahashi, K" uniqKey="Takahashi K">K. Takahashi</name></author><author><name sortKey="Asahi, H" uniqKey="Asahi H">H. Asahi</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Huang, Y" uniqKey="Huang Y">Y. Huang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Huang, X" uniqKey="Huang X">X. Huang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Hou, L" uniqKey="Hou L">L. Hou</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sivaperumal, P" uniqKey="Sivaperumal P">P. Sivaperumal</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sankar, T V" uniqKey="Sankar T">T. V. Sankar</name></author><author><name sortKey="Viswanathan Nair, P G" uniqKey="Viswanathan Nair P">P. G. Viswanathan Nair</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Garcia Lest N Julia, J" uniqKey="Garcia Lest N Julia J">J. García-Lestón Julia</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mendez, J" uniqKey="Mendez J">J. Méndez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Pasaro, E" uniqKey="Pasaro E">E. Pásaro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Laffon, B" uniqKey="Laffon B">B. Laffon</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Islam, M S" uniqKey="Islam M">M. S. Islam</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ahmed, M K" uniqKey="Ahmed M">M. K. Ahmed</name></author><author><name sortKey="Habibullah Al Mamun, M" uniqKey="Habibullah Al Mamun M">M. Habibullah-Al-Mamun</name></author><author><name sortKey="Masunaga, S" uniqKey="Masunaga S">S. Masunaga</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Besada, V" uniqKey="Besada V">V. Besada</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sericano, J L" uniqKey="Sericano J">J. L. Sericano</name></author><author><name sortKey="Schultze, F" uniqKey="Schultze F">F. Schultze</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Monteiro, C E" uniqKey="Monteiro C">C. E. Monteiro</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cardeira, S" uniqKey="Cardeira S">S. Cardeira</name></author><author><name sortKey="Cravo, A" uniqKey="Cravo A">A. Cravo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bebianno, M J" uniqKey="Bebianno M">M. J. Bebianno</name></author><author><name sortKey="Sanchez, R F" uniqKey="Sanchez R">R. F. Sánchez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Relvas, P" uniqKey="Relvas P">P. Relvas</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Biomed Res Int</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Biomed Res Int</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">BMRI</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>BioMed Research International</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2314-6133</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2314-6141</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Hindawi Publishing Corporation</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">27795956</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5067478</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1155/2016/2167053</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Environmental and Ecological Risk Assessment of Trace Metal Contamination in Mangrove Ecosystems: A Case from Zhangjiangkou Mangrove National Nature Reserve, China</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Jun</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Du</surname><given-names>Huihong</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"><sup>3</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I4"><sup>4</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Xu</surname><given-names>Ye</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Chen</surname><given-names>Kai</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Liang</surname><given-names>Junhua</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ke</surname><given-names>Hongwei</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Cheng</surname><given-names>Sha-Yen</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I5"><sup>5</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Liu</surname><given-names>Mengyang</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Deng</surname><given-names>Hengxiang</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>He</surname><given-names>Tong</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"><sup>3</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wang</surname><given-names>Wenqing</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I6"><sup>6</sup></xref></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid" authenticated="false">http://orcid.org/0000-0003-2828-0529</contrib-id><name><surname>Cai</surname><given-names>Minggang</given-names></name><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I1"><sup>1</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I2"><sup>2</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I3"><sup>3</sup></xref><xref ref-type="aff" rid="I7"><sup>7</sup></xref><xref ref-type="corresp" rid="cor1"><sup>*</sup></xref></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="I1"><sup>1</sup>Coastal and Ocean Management Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China</aff><aff id="I2"><sup>2</sup>Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory for Coastal Ecology and Environmental Studies, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China</aff><aff id="I3"><sup>3</sup>College of Ocean and Earth Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China</aff><aff id="I4"><sup>4</sup>Xiamen Environmental Protection Bureau, Xiamen 361004, China</aff><aff id="I5"><sup>5</sup>College of Ocean Science and Resources, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan</aff><aff id="I6"><sup>6</sup>College of Environment and Ecology, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China</aff><aff id="I7"><sup>7</sup>State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361102, China</aff><author-notes><corresp id="cor1">*Minggang Cai: <email>mgcai@xmu.edu.cn</email></corresp><fn fn-type="other"><p>Academic Editor: Chunlei Xia</p></fn></author-notes><pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>4</day><month>10</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>2016</volume><elocation-id>2167053</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>25</day><month>5</month><year>2016</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>11</day><month>8</month><year>2016</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2016 Jun Wang et al.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><license license-type="open-access"><license-p>This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract><p>Zhangjiangkou Mangrove National Nature Reserve is a subtropical wetland ecosystem in southeast coast of China, which is of dense population and rapid development. The concentrations, sources, and pollution assessment of trace metals (Cu, Cd, Pb, Cr, Zn, As, and Hg) in surface sediment from 29 sites and the biota specimen were investigated for better ecological risk assessment and environmental management. The ranges of trace metals in mg/kg sediment were as follows: Cu (10.79–26.66), Cd (0.03–0.19), Pb (36.71–59.86), Cr (9.67–134.51), Zn (119.69–157.84), As (15.65–31.60), and Hg (0.00–0.08). The sequences of the bioaccumulation of studied metals are Zn > Cu > As > Cr > Pb > Cd > Hg with few exceptions. Cluster analysis and principal component analysis revealed that the trace metals in the studied area mainly derived from anthropogenic activities, such as industrial effluents, agricultural waste, and domestic sewage. Pollution load index and geoaccumulation index were calculated for trace metals in surface sediments, which indicated unpolluted status in general except Pb, Cr, and As.</p></abstract><funding-group><award-group><funding-source xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100001809">National Natural Science Foundation of China</funding-source><award-id>40776040</award-id><award-id>41576180</award-id><award-id>J1210050</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source xlink:href="http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003392">Natural Science Foundation of Fujian Province</funding-source><award-id>2012J05078</award-id><award-id>2014J06014</award-id></award-group><award-group><funding-source>Program for New Century Excellent Talents in Fujian Province University</funding-source></award-group><award-group><funding-source>Marine Science Base Project for Scientific Research Training and Capacity Enhancement—Xiamen University</funding-source></award-group></funding-group></article-meta></front><floats-group><fig id="fig1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 1</label><caption><p>The study area and sampling stations.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="BMRI2016-2167053.001"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 2</label><caption><p>Spatial distributions of trace metals (mg/kg) in the mangrove intertidal zone of the ZMNNR.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="BMRI2016-2167053.002"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 3</label><caption><p>Spatial distributions of trace metals (mg/kg) in the subtidal zone of the ZMNNR.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="BMRI2016-2167053.003"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig4" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 4</label><caption><p>Dendrogram of trace metals concentrations of sediment samples.</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="BMRI2016-2167053.004"></graphic></fig><fig id="fig5" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Figure 5</label><caption><p>Mean biosediment accumulation factor values (BSAF) in<italic> Boleophthalmus pectinirostris </italic>(<italic>BP</italic>)<italic>, Siliqua minima </italic>(<italic>SM</italic>), and<italic> Uca maracoani </italic>(<italic>UM</italic>).</p></caption><graphic xlink:href="BMRI2016-2167053.005"></graphic></fig><table-wrap id="tab1" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 1</label><caption><p>Physicochemical parameters and trace metals concentrations (mg/kg) in surface sediments from ZMNNR.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th rowspan="2" align="left" colspan="1">Stat.</th><th rowspan="2" align="center" colspan="1">Clay (%)</th><th rowspan="2" align="center" colspan="1">Silt (%)</th><th rowspan="2" align="center" colspan="1">Sand (%)</th><th rowspan="2" align="center" colspan="1">pH</th><th rowspan="2" align="center" colspan="1">CW (%)</th><th colspan="7" align="center" rowspan="1">Trace metals (mg/kg)</th></tr><tr><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cu</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cd</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pb</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cr</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Zn</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">As</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Hg</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.93</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24.96</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.09</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36.98</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27.53</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">135.18</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26.32</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.02</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C02</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31.48</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">63.30</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.22</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.86</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">44.28</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22.78</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.08</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42.32</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">134.51</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">157.84</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24.03</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.02</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C03</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32.52</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">63.13</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.35</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.77</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">40.86</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.44</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.09</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">47.93</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42.30</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">155.98</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24.43</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.03</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C04</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31.14</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">66.18</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.68</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.98</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">40.17</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23.13</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.05</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42.49</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">45.03</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">145.79</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24.89</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.01</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C05</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30.63</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">66.57</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.80</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.48</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">39.53</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22.85</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.04</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50.22</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">52.55</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">149.81</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25.25</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.04</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C06</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28.54</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">67.57</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.89</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.69</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42.79</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.68</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.05</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36.80</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22.07</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">120.55</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22.99</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C07</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32.17</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">64.30</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.53</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.02</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">41.33</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.86</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.06</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36.71</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32.39</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">134.18</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23.74</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.02</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C08</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31.92</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">65.27</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.81</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.97</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">39.21</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22.43</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.05</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">41.32</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">39.13</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">139.20</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28.17</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.02</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C09</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30.71</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">65.22</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.07</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.12</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">44.76</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.30</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.05</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">39.49</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">34.25</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">144.36</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22.16</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.01</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31.66</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">63.02</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.32</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.08</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">41.07</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24.54</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.06</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">48.11</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27.73</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">141.06</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23.24</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.01</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C11</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31.94</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">63.98</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.08</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.95</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">44.96</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23.84</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.04</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">39.66</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26.72</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">136.33</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25.47</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C12</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32.04</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">63.23</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.73</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.23</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">41.03</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24.68</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.05</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">41.96</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23.12</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">129.73</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22.91</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.02</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C13</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33.67</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">62.90</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.43</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.68</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">49.53</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.14</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.04</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">46.61</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22.93</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">140.63</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27.17</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C14</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31.67</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">65.00</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.33</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.72</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">39.94</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22.57</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.05</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">38.79</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30.98</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">127.58</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24.53</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.03</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C15</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36.33</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">63.49</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.18</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.23</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">40.75</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.02</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.18</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">41.25</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25.60</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">134.03</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25.99</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.08</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C16</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31.48</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">63.30</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.22</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.99</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">49.40</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.02</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.06</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42.32</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26.59</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">150.81</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">23.01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.01</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C17</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32.52</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">63.13</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.35</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6.97</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26.73</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.04</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">40.48</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">34.44</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">150.24</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26.16</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.01</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DS01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32.75</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">66.87</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.38</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.45</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">52.20</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.72</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.09</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">46.27</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27.81</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">146.22</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26.88</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.02</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DS02</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">35.29</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">59.31</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.40</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.31</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">41.77</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26.66</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.11</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">59.86</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.42</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">141.49</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26.15</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.07</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DS03</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.98</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16.24</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">74.78</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.88</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33.05</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.68</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.06</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">55.31</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.63</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">119.69</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29.27</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.02</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DS04</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28.31</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">61.37</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.32</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.22</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">46.84</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.79</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.11</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">40.84</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29.83</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">136.76</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15.65</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.01</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DS05</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26.32</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">49.58</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24.10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.11</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">44.61</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16.64</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.08</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36.86</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16.61</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">124.14</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.76</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.01</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DS06</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.57</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50.03</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28.40</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.26</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">40.12</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18.19</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.03</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">40.84</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18.52</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">124.71</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22.51</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.04</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DS07</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18.79</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">15.41</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">45.80</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.97</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36.39</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.37</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.19</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">43.97</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.67</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">139.77</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31.60</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.01</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DS08</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32.63</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">59.16</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.21</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.81</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">44.96</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18.48</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.03</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">56.17</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26.60</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">133.46</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24.39</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.05</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DS09</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26.02</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">46.93</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">26.95</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.80</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">44.46</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.96</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.07</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">45.38</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.00</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">122.27</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28.72</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.02</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DS10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28.18</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50.07</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.75</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.11</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">38.98</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">18.05</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.04</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">40.66</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">13.01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">141.20</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25.78</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.02</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DS11</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32.08</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">61.98</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.94</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">48.61</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.96</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.04</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">48.51</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.88</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">133.89</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">27.83</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.03</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DS12</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32.20</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">62.53</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.27</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.12</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">47.38</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.44</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.06</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">48.47</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32.66</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">134.32</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28.09</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.01</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="13" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">29.77</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">58.18</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">11.33</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.53</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42.93</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.20</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.07</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">44.02</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30.43</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">137.63</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25.07</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.02</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>“—”: no detected.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab2" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 2</label><caption><p>Summary of trace metals concentrations in surface sediments of the ZMNNR.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </th><th rowspan="2" align="center" colspan="1">Time of sampling</th><th rowspan="2" align="center" colspan="1">Number of samplings</th><th colspan="7" align="center" rowspan="1">Concentrations (mg/kg)</th></tr><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> Cu</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cd</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pb</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cr</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Zn</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">As</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Hg</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td rowspan="2" align="left" colspan="1">This study</td><td rowspan="2" align="center" colspan="1">2013</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17<sup>a</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.47 ± 2.23</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.064 ± 0.034</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">41.97 ± 4.09</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">38.11 ± 26.26</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">140.78 ± 10.25</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24.73 ± 1.67</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.019 ± 0.019</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12<sup>b</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.41 ± 3.73</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.076 ± 0.046</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">46.93 ± 7.10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">19.55 ± 7.74</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">133.16 ± 8.61</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25.55 ± 4.44</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.026 ± 0.019</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Previous survey</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2007</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.04 ± 6.13</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.336 ± 0.055</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">63.20 ± 3.04</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">61.50 ± 18.03</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">127.65 ± 4.74</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">14.29 ± 1.00</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.034 ± 0.026</td></tr><tr><td rowspan="3" align="left" colspan="1"> Jingchun et al., 2010 [<xref rid="B34" ref-type="bibr">35</xref>]</td><td rowspan="3" align="center" colspan="1">2004</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7<sup>c</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30.28 ± 4.70</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.21 ± 0.03</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">53.91 ± 4.83</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">127.51 ± 13.92</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7<sup>d</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28.79 ± 5.59</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.30 ± 0.01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">62.81 ± 9.44</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">143.96 ± 12.37</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7<sup>e</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36.42 ± 5.74</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.36 ± 0.08</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">70.09 ± 3.96</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">159.56 ± 9.88</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Background<sup>f</sup></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.40</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.03</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16.20</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33.90</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ISQG low</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">65</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">50</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">80</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">200</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">ISQG high</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">270</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">218</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">370</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">410</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">70</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>Data are means ± standard deviation of sites.</p></fn><fn><p>ISQG, Interim Sediment Quality Guidelines. The guidelines define the ISQG-high and ISQG-low values, which represent the lower 10th percentile and 50th percentile of chemical concentrations associated with adverse biological effects, based on the results of sediment toxicity testing [<xref rid="B3" ref-type="bibr">37</xref>].</p></fn><fn><p><sup>a</sup>The sampling sites in the intertidal zone.</p></fn><fn><p><sup>b</sup>The sampling sites in the subtidal zone.</p></fn><fn><p><sup>c</sup>The sampling sites in the mudflat.</p></fn><fn><p><sup>d</sup>The sampling sites in the forest edge.</p></fn><fn><p><sup>e</sup>The sampling sites in the forest.</p></fn><fn><p><sup>f</sup>The background levels of trace metals obtained from a subsample of 41 surface sediments in a location in continental shelf area of south Taiwan Strait.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab3" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 3</label><caption><p>Trace metals concentrations (mg/kg) in <italic>Boleophthalmus pectinirostris</italic> (<italic>BP</italic>), <italic>Siliqua minima</italic> (<italic>SM</italic>), and <italic>Uca maracoani</italic> (<italic>UM</italic>).</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Biota</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cu</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Zn</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pb</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cr</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cd</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">As</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Hg</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>BP</italic> (muscle)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.69 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">36.88 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.45 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.68 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.02 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.29</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.02</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>BP</italic> (liver)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.34 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">105.34</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.95 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.35 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.14 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.40</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.02</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>SM</italic> (shell)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.72 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.88 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.59 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.23 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">53.98</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.02</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>SM</italic> (muscle)</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.56 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">101.45 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.45 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.14 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.29 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">43.98</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.02</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><italic>UM</italic></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">115.99 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">87.50 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.50 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.72 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.62 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">17.65</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.01</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sediment</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.20 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">137.63 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">44.02 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30.43 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.07 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25.07 </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.02 </td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>“—”: no detected.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab4" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 4</label><caption><p>Contaminant factor (CF) and pollution load index (PLI) values of trace metals in sediments from Zhangjiang River Estuary mangrove zone.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Station</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CF (Cu)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CF (Cd)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CF (Pb)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CF (Cr)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CF (Zn)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CF (As)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">CF (Hg)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">PLI</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.78</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.45</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.31</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.39</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.06</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.33</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.25</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.83</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C02</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.71</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.40</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.65</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">—</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.24</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.04</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.25</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.94</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C03</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.67</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.45</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.00</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.60</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.23</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.09</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.38</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.96</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C04</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.72</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.25</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.66</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.63</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.15</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.15</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.13</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.75</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C05</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.71</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.20</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.14</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.74</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.18</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.20</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.50</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.94</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C06</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.62</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.25</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.30</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.31</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.95</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.91</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.38</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C07</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.68</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.30</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.29</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.46</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.06</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.25</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.78</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C08</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.70</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.25</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.58</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.55</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.57</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.25</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.82</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C09</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.67</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.25</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.47</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.48</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.14</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.81</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.13</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.70</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.77</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.30</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.39</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.11</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.94</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.13</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.73</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C11</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.75</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.20</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.48</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.38</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.07</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.22</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.72</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C12</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.77</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.25</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.62</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.33</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.02</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.90</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.25</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.74</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C13</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.54</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.20</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.91</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.32</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.11</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.44</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.85</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C14</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.71</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.25</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.42</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.44</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.11</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.38</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.80</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C15</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.66</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.90</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.58</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.36</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.06</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.29</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.10</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C16</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.66</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.30</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.65</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.37</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.19</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.91</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.13</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.70</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C17</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.84</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.20</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.53</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.49</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.18</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.31</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.13</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.72</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DS01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.68</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.45</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.89</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.39</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.15</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.40</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.25</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.86</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DS02</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.83</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.55</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.74</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.20</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.11</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.31</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.88</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.02</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DS03</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.62</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.30</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.46</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.28</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.94</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.71</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.25</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.77</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DS04</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.34</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.55</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.55</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.42</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.08</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.98</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.13</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.66</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DS05</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.52</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.40</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.30</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.23</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.98</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.50</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.13</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.62</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DS06</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.57</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.15</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.55</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.26</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.98</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.85</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.50</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.70</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DS07</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.67</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.95</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.75</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.14</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.00</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.13</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.75</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DS08</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.58</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.15</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.51</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.37</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.05</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.09</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.63</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.81</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DS09</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.62</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.35</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.84</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.18</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.96</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.64</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.25</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.72</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DS10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.56</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.20</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.54</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.18</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.11</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.26</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.25</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.65</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DS11</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.62</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.20</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.03</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.18</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.05</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.52</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.38</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.72</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DS12</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.67</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.30</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.03</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.46</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.06</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.56</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.13</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.75</td></tr></tbody></table></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab5" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 5</label><caption><p>Geoaccumulation index (<italic>I</italic><sub>geo</sub>) values of trace metals in sediments from Zhangjiangkou Mangrove National Nature Reserve.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Station</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cu</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cd</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pb</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cr</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Zn</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">As</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Hg</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.94</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.74</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.62</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.95</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.49</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.15</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.58</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C02</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.08</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.91</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.82</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.29</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.27</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.02</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.58</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C03</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.16</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.74</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.33</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.29</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.04</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.00</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C04</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.05</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.58</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.82</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.24</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.39</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.07</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−3.58</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C05</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.07</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.91</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.07</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.02</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.35</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.09</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.58</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C06</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.29</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.58</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.62</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.27</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.66</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.96</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">/</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C07</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.13</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.32</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.61</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.72</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.51</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.58</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C08</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.58</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.78</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.44</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.45</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.25</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.58</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C09</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.17</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.58</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.72</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.64</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.40</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.90</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−3.58</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.97</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.32</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.00</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.94</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.43</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.97</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−3.58</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C11</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.91</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.72</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.99</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.48</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">/</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C12</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.96</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.58</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.81</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.20</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.55</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.95</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.58</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C13</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.49</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.91</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.96</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.22</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.44</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.20</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">/</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C14</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.09</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.58</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.69</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.78</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.58</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.05</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.00</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C15</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.19</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.74</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.78</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.06</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.51</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.13</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.58</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C16</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.19</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.32</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.82</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.00</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.34</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.96</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−3.58</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">C17</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.84</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.91</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.75</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.63</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.34</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.14</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−3.58</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DS01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.14</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.74</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.95</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.94</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.38</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.18</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.58</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DS02</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.85</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.45</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.32</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.88</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.43</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.14</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.78</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DS03</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.29</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.32</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.20</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.44</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.67</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.30</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.58</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DS04</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.15</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.45</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.77</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.84</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.48</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.40</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−3.58</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DS05</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.53</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.91</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.62</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.68</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.62</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.74</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−3.58</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DS06</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.40</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−3.32</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.77</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.52</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.61</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.93</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.58</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DS07</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.17</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.66</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.87</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−3.46</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.45</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.42</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−3.58</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DS08</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.38</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−3.32</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.23</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.00</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.51</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.04</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.26</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DS09</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.27</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.92</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−3.03</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.64</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.28</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.58</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DS10</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.41</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.91</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.76</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−3.03</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.43</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.12</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.58</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DS11</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.27</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.91</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.02</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−3.05</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.51</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.23</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.00</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">DS12</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.16</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.32</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.01</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.71</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.50</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.25</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−3.58</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="8" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mean</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−1.20</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.30</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.86</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.03</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.47</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.07</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−2.49</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p><italic>I</italic><sub>geo</sub> class: 0: none, 1: none to medium, 2: moderate, 3: moderate to strong, 4: strongly polluted, 5: strong to very strong, and 6: very strong.</p></fn><fn><p>“/”: no data.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab6" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 6</label><caption><p>Mean concentrations of trace metals in the sediment of the mangroves worldwide.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Location</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cr (mg/kg)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cu (mg/kg)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Zn (mg/kg)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">As (mg/kg)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cd (mg/kg)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Hg (mg/kg)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pb (mg/kg)</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Reference</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Zhangjiang River Estuary, China </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">30.43</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">21.20</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">133.16</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">25.07</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.07</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.02</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">125.65</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">This study</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pearl River Estuary, China</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">51.52</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.18</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32.23</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">104.68</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">127.41</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">/</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">/</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Bai et al., 2011 [<xref rid="B5" ref-type="bibr">38</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Yingluo Bay, China</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16.9</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.16</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">32.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.12</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">49</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">/</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">/</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Li et al., 2008 [<xref rid="B31" ref-type="bibr">39</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mai Po mangrove swamp, HK</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42.8</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.05</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">52.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">149</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">/</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">/</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Liang and Wong, 2003 [<xref rid="B32" ref-type="bibr">40</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Vellar Estuary, India</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16.28</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.15</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.98</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">9.44</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">39.28</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">/</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">/</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Palpandi and Kesavan, 2012 [<xref rid="B47" ref-type="bibr">22</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sungei Buloh Wetland, Singapore</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.06</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.18</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">12.3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16.6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">51.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">/</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">/</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cuong and Obbard, 2006 [<xref rid="B17" ref-type="bibr">41</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Port Klang, Malaysia</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24.89</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.46</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">96.02</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">60.19</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">72.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">63.2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">/</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sany et al., 2013 [<xref rid="B53" ref-type="bibr">42</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Mangrove zone, French Guiana</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.28</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">/</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.13</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.15</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.51</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">/</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.41</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Marchand et al., 2006 [<xref rid="B38" ref-type="bibr">28</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sydney Estuary, Australia</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">42</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.59</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">95</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">31</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">156</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">8.1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">/</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Nath et al., 2014 [<xref rid="B44" ref-type="bibr">25</xref>]</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Estero Salado mangrove, Ecuador</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">161.69</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.97</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">45.24</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">54.4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">390.19</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4.37</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">/</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Fernández-Cadena et al., 2014 [<xref rid="B19" ref-type="bibr">24</xref>]</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>“/”: no data.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab7" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 7</label><caption><p>Pearson correlation coefficient matrix between the trace metals and major elements and fine particles in surface sediments of the ZMNNR (<italic>n</italic> = 29).</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cu</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cd</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pb</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cr</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Zn</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">As</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Hg</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Clay</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Silt</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cd</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.055</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pb</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.620</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.313</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cr</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.203</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.060</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.040</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Zn</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.339</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.085</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.396</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.565</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">As</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.410</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.149</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.402</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.146</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.001</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Hg</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.155</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.327</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.223</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.042</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.022</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.098</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Clay</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.313</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.078</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.150</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.221</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.463</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.199</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.219</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Silt</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.203</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>−0.363</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.064</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.317</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.362</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>−0.424</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.046</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>0.882</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Sand</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.273</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.178</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.064</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.289</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>−0.457</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.314</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.082</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>−0.959</bold></td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"><bold>−0.957</bold></td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>The bold numbers represent the significant coefficients at the level of <italic>p</italic> < 0.05.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap><table-wrap id="tab8" orientation="portrait" position="float"><label>Table 8</label><caption><p>Total variance explained and component matrices for the trace metals in surface sediments from the ZMNNR.</p></caption><table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th rowspan="2" align="left" colspan="1">Component</th><th colspan="3" align="center" rowspan="1"> Initial eigenvalues</th><th colspan="3" align="center" rowspan="1">Extraction sums of squared loading</th><th colspan="3" align="center" rowspan="1">Rotation sums of squared loading</th></tr><tr><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">% of variance</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cumulative%</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">% of variance</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cumulative%</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Total</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">% of variance</th><th align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cumulative%</th></tr></thead><tbody><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.33</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33.27</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33.27</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2.33</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33.27</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">33.27</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.98</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28.27</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">28.27</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.60</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22.89</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">56.15</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.60</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">22.89</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">56.15</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.70</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">24.23</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">52.50</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.15</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16.45</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">72.61</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.15</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">16.45</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">72.61</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">1.41</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">20.11</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">72.61</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">4</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.76</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">10.80</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">83.40</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.56</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7.97</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">91.37</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">6</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.38</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">5.38</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">96.75</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">7</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.23</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">3.26</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">100.00</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="10" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td rowspan="2" align="left" colspan="1">Elements</td><td colspan="3" align="center" rowspan="1"> Component matrix</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td colspan="3" align="center" rowspan="1"> Rotated component matrix<sup>a</sup></td></tr><tr><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">F1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">F2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">F3</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">F1</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">F2</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">F3</td></tr><tr><td align="center" colspan="10" rowspan="1"><hr></hr></td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cu</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.79</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.06</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.38</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.84</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.28</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.04</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cd</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.36</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.41</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.65</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.06</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.00</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.85</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Pb</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.86</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.15</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.07</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.78</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.22</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.33</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Cr</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.29</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.80</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.24</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.07</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.87</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.08</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Zn</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.57</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.65</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.19</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.22</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.86</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.06</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">As</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.55</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.43</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.44</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.78</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.27</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.05</td></tr><tr><td align="left" rowspan="1" colspan="1">Hg</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.33</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.41</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.55</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1"> </td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.09</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">−0.03</td><td align="center" rowspan="1" colspan="1">0.75</td></tr></tbody></table><table-wrap-foot><fn><p>Extraction method: principal component analysis.</p></fn><fn><p>Rotation method: varimax with Kaiser normalization.</p></fn><fn><p><sup>a</sup>Rotation converged in 4 iterations.</p></fn></table-wrap-foot></table-wrap></floats-group></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Terre/explor/CobaltMaghrebV1/Data/Pmc/Curation
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000403 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Curation/biblio.hfd -nk 000403 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien
|wiki= Wicri/Terre
|area= CobaltMaghrebV1
|flux= Pmc
|étape= Curation
|type= RBID
|clé= PMC:5067478
|texte= Environmental and Ecological Risk Assessment of Trace Metal Contamination in Mangrove Ecosystems: A Case from Zhangjiangkou Mangrove National Nature Reserve, China
}}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Curation/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:27795956" \
| HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Pmc/Curation/biblio.hfd \
| NlmPubMed2Wicri -a CobaltMaghrebV1
| This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.32. |  |