PowerPoint® Presentation Flaws and Failures: A Psychological Analysis
Identifieur interne : 000221 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 000220; suivant : 000222PowerPoint® Presentation Flaws and Failures: A Psychological Analysis
Auteurs : Stephen M. Kosslyn [États-Unis] ; Rogier A. Kievit [Pays-Bas] ; Alexandra G. Russell [États-Unis] ; Jennifer M. Shephard [États-Unis]Source :
- Frontiers in Psychology [ 1664-1078 ] ; 2012.
Abstract
Electronic slideshow presentations are often faulted anecdotally, but little empirical work has documented their faults. In Study 1 we found that eight psychological principles are often violated in PowerPoint® slideshows, and are violated to similar extents across different fields – for example, academic research slideshows generally were no better or worse than business slideshows. In Study 2 we found that respondents reported having noticed, and having been annoyed by, specific problems in presentations arising from violations of particular psychological principles. Finally, in Study 3 we showed that observers are not highly accurate in recognizing when particular slides violated a specific psychological rule. Furthermore, even when they correctly identified the violation, they often could not explain the nature of the problem. In sum, the psychological foundations for effective slideshow presentation design are neither obvious nor necessarily intuitive, and presentation designers in all fields, from education to business to government, could benefit from explicit instruction in relevant aspects of psychology.
Url:
DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00230
PubMed: 22822402
PubMed Central: 3398435
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream Pmc, to step Corpus: 000416
- to stream Pmc, to step Curation: 000415
- to stream Pmc, to step Checkpoint: 000236
Links to Exploration step
PMC:3398435Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">PowerPoint<sup>®</sup>
Presentation Flaws and Failures: A Psychological Analysis</title>
<author><name sortKey="Kosslyn, Stephen M" sort="Kosslyn, Stephen M" uniqKey="Kosslyn S" first="Stephen M." last="Kosslyn">Stephen M. Kosslyn</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University</institution>
<country>Stanford, CA USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea></wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kievit, Rogier A" sort="Kievit, Rogier A" uniqKey="Kievit R" first="Rogier A." last="Kievit">Rogier A. Kievit</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam</institution>
<country>Amsterdam, Netherlands</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Russell, Alexandra G" sort="Russell, Alexandra G" uniqKey="Russell A" first="Alexandra G." last="Russell">Alexandra G. Russell</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><institution>Department of Psychology, Stanford University</institution>
<country>Stanford, CA, USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shephard, Jennifer M" sort="Shephard, Jennifer M" uniqKey="Shephard J" first="Jennifer M." last="Shephard">Jennifer M. Shephard</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>Division of Social Science, Harvard University</institution>
<country>Cambridge, MA, USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">22822402</idno>
<idno type="pmc">3398435</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3398435</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:3398435</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00230</idno>
<date when="2012">2012</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000416</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000416</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000415</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000415</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000236</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000236</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">000221</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">PowerPoint<sup>®</sup>
Presentation Flaws and Failures: A Psychological Analysis</title>
<author><name sortKey="Kosslyn, Stephen M" sort="Kosslyn, Stephen M" uniqKey="Kosslyn S" first="Stephen M." last="Kosslyn">Stephen M. Kosslyn</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1"><institution>Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University</institution>
<country>Stanford, CA USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country>États-Unis</country>
<placeName><region type="state">Californie</region>
</placeName>
<wicri:cityArea></wicri:cityArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kievit, Rogier A" sort="Kievit, Rogier A" uniqKey="Kievit R" first="Rogier A." last="Kievit">Rogier A. Kievit</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff2"><institution>Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam</institution>
<country>Amsterdam, Netherlands</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Russell, Alexandra G" sort="Russell, Alexandra G" uniqKey="Russell A" first="Alexandra G." last="Russell">Alexandra G. Russell</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff3"><institution>Department of Psychology, Stanford University</institution>
<country>Stanford, CA, USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shephard, Jennifer M" sort="Shephard, Jennifer M" uniqKey="Shephard J" first="Jennifer M." last="Shephard">Jennifer M. Shephard</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff4"><institution>Division of Social Science, Harvard University</institution>
<country>Cambridge, MA, USA</country>
</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea></wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Frontiers in Psychology</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1664-1078</idno>
<imprint><date when="2012">2012</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Electronic slideshow presentations are often faulted anecdotally, but little empirical work has documented their faults. In Study 1 we found that eight psychological principles are often violated in PowerPoint<sup>®</sup>
slideshows, and are violated to similar extents across different fields – for example, academic research slideshows generally were no better or worse than business slideshows. In Study 2 we found that respondents reported having noticed, and having been annoyed by, specific problems in presentations arising from violations of particular psychological principles. Finally, in Study 3 we showed that observers are not highly accurate in recognizing when particular slides violated a specific psychological rule. Furthermore, even when they correctly identified the violation, they often could not explain the nature of the problem. In sum, the psychological foundations for effective slideshow presentation design are neither obvious nor necessarily intuitive, and presentation designers in all fields, from education to business to government, could benefit from explicit instruction in relevant aspects of psychology.</p>
</div>
</front>
<back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Allen, R C" uniqKey="Allen R">R. C. Allen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rubin, M L" uniqKey="Rubin M">M. L. Rubin</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Alvarez, G" uniqKey="Alvarez G">G. Alvarez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Franconeri, S" uniqKey="Franconeri S">S. Franconeri</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Apperson, J M" uniqKey="Apperson J">J. M. Apperson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Laws, E L" uniqKey="Laws E">E. L. Laws</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Scepansky, J A" uniqKey="Scepansky J">J. A. Scepansky</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Apperson, J M" uniqKey="Apperson J">J. M. Apperson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Laws, E L" uniqKey="Laws E">E. L. Laws</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Scepansky, J A" uniqKey="Scepansky J">J. A. Scepansky</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Aspillaga, M" uniqKey="Aspillaga M">M. Aspillaga</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Baddeley, A D" uniqKey="Baddeley A">A. D. Baddeley</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bartsch, R A" uniqKey="Bartsch R">R. A. Bartsch</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cobern, K M" uniqKey="Cobern K">K. M. Cobern</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Beets, S D" uniqKey="Beets S">S. D. Beets</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lobingier, P G" uniqKey="Lobingier P">P. G. Lobingier</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Buchel, C" uniqKey="Buchel C">C. Buchel</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Josephs, O" uniqKey="Josephs O">O. Josephs</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rees, G" uniqKey="Rees G">G. Rees</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Turner, R" uniqKey="Turner R">R. Turner</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Frith, C D" uniqKey="Frith C">C. D. Frith</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Friston, K J" uniqKey="Friston K">K. J. Friston</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Campbell, F A" uniqKey="Campbell F">F. A. Campbell</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Goldman, B D" uniqKey="Goldman B">B. D. Goldman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Boccia, M L" uniqKey="Boccia M">M. L. Boccia</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Skinner, M" uniqKey="Skinner M">M. Skinner</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cowan, N" uniqKey="Cowan N">N. Cowan</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="De Valois, R L" uniqKey="De Valois R">R. L. De Valois</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="De Valois, K K" uniqKey="De Valois K">K. K. De Valois</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Farkas, D K" uniqKey="Farkas D">D. K. Farkas</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Fleming, M" uniqKey="Fleming M">M. Fleming</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Levie, W H" uniqKey="Levie W">W. H. Levie</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Glimcher, P W" uniqKey="Glimcher P">P. W. Glimcher</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sparks, D L" uniqKey="Sparks D">D. L. Sparks</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Grice, H P" uniqKey="Grice H">H. P. Grice</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gropper, G L" uniqKey="Gropper G">G. L. Gropper</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gunel, M" uniqKey="Gunel M">M. Gunel</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hand, B" uniqKey="Hand B">B. Hand</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gunduz, S" uniqKey="Gunduz S">S. Gunduz</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Helander, M" uniqKey="Helander M">M. Helander</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Landauer, T" uniqKey="Landauer T">T. Landauer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Prabhu, P" uniqKey="Prabhu P">P. Prabhu</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Held, R" uniqKey="Held R">R. Held</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hu, A" uniqKey="Hu A">A. Hu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wilson, T" uniqKey="Wilson T">T. Wilson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ladak, H" uniqKey="Ladak H">H. Ladak</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Haase, P" uniqKey="Haase P">P. Haase</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fung, K" uniqKey="Fung K">K. Fung</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Intriligator, J" uniqKey="Intriligator J">J. Intriligator</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cavanagh, P" uniqKey="Cavanagh P">P. Cavanagh</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Karns, T E" uniqKey="Karns T">T. E. Karns</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Irvin, S J" uniqKey="Irvin S">S. J. Irvin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Suranic, S L" uniqKey="Suranic S">S. L. Suranic</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rivardo, M G" uniqKey="Rivardo M">M. G. Rivardo</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kosslyn, S M" uniqKey="Kosslyn S">S. M. Kosslyn</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kosslyn, S M" uniqKey="Kosslyn S">S. M. Kosslyn</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kosslyn, S M" uniqKey="Kosslyn S">S. M. Kosslyn</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Krauzlis, R J" uniqKey="Krauzlis R">R. J. Krauzlis</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liston, D" uniqKey="Liston D">D. Liston</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carello, C D" uniqKey="Carello C">C. D. Carello</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Larkin, J H" uniqKey="Larkin J">J. H. Larkin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Simon, H A" uniqKey="Simon H">H. A. Simon</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Levasseur, D G" uniqKey="Levasseur D">D. G. Levasseur</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sawyer, D K" uniqKey="Sawyer D">D. K. Sawyer</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lund, A M" uniqKey="Lund A">A. M. Lund</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Macleod, C M" uniqKey="Macleod C">C. M. MacLeod</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Macmillan, N A" uniqKey="Macmillan N">N. A. Macmillan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ornstein, A S" uniqKey="Ornstein A">A. S. Ornstein</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mahar, S" uniqKey="Mahar S">S. Mahar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yaylacicegi, U" uniqKey="Yaylacicegi U">U. Yaylacicegi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Janicki, T" uniqKey="Janicki T">T. Janicki</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mejdal, S" uniqKey="Mejdal S">S. Mejdal</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mccauley, M E" uniqKey="Mccauley M">M. E. McCauley</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Beringer, D B" uniqKey="Beringer D">D. B. Beringer</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Osman, M E" uniqKey="Osman M">M. E. Osman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hannafin, M J" uniqKey="Hannafin M">M. J. Hannafin</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Palmer, S E" uniqKey="Palmer S">S. E. Palmer</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Parker, I" uniqKey="Parker I">I. Parker</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Posner, M I" uniqKey="Posner M">M. I. Posner</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Potter, M C" uniqKey="Potter M">M. C. Potter</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Reisberg, D" uniqKey="Reisberg D">D. Reisberg</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rosch, E" uniqKey="Rosch E">E. Rosch</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Simpson, C" uniqKey="Simpson C">C. Simpson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Miller, R S" uniqKey="Miller R">R. S. Miller</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Savoy, A" uniqKey="Savoy A">A. Savoy</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Proctor, R W" uniqKey="Proctor R">R. W. Proctor</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Salvendy, G" uniqKey="Salvendy G">G. Salvendy</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schmidt, S R" uniqKey="Schmidt S">S. R. Schmidt</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schwartz, N H" uniqKey="Schwartz N">N. H. Schwartz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ellsworth, L S" uniqKey="Ellsworth L">L. S. Ellsworth</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Graham, L" uniqKey="Graham L">L. Graham</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Knight, B" uniqKey="Knight B">B. Knight</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Shannon, C E" uniqKey="Shannon C">C. E. Shannon</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Shneiderman, B" uniqKey="Shneiderman B">B. Shneiderman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Smith, E E" uniqKey="Smith E">E. E. Smith</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kosslyn, S M" uniqKey="Kosslyn S">S. M. Kosslyn</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Smith, S" uniqKey="Smith S">S. Smith</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mosier, J" uniqKey="Mosier J">J. Mosier</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Speier, C" uniqKey="Speier C">C. Speier</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Stanney, K" uniqKey="Stanney K">K. Stanney</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Samman, S" uniqKey="Samman S">S. Samman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Reeves, L" uniqKey="Reeves L">L. Reeves</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hale, K" uniqKey="Hale K">K. Hale</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Buff, W" uniqKey="Buff W">W. Buff</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bowers, C" uniqKey="Bowers C">C. Bowers</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Goldiez, B" uniqKey="Goldiez B">B. Goldiez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nicholson, D" uniqKey="Nicholson D">D. Nicholson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lackey, S" uniqKey="Lackey S">S. Lackey</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Stevens, S S" uniqKey="Stevens S">S. S. Stevens</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Stoner, M R" uniqKey="Stoner M">M. R. Stoner</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Stromeyer, C F" uniqKey="Stromeyer C">C. F. Stromeyer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Klein, S" uniqKey="Klein S">S. Klein</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Suchoff, I B" uniqKey="Suchoff I">I. B. Suchoff</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Susskind, J E" uniqKey="Susskind J">J. E. Susskind</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Susskind, J E" uniqKey="Susskind J">J. E. Susskind</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sweller, J" uniqKey="Sweller J">J. Sweller</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sweller, J" uniqKey="Sweller J">J. Sweller</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Merrienboer, J J G" uniqKey="Van Merrienboer J">J. J. G. van Merrienboer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Paas, F G W C" uniqKey="Paas F">F. G. W. C. Paas</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Szabo, A" uniqKey="Szabo A">A. Szabo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hastings, N" uniqKey="Hastings N">N. Hastings</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Taylor, J S" uniqKey="Taylor J">J. S. Taylor</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dube, C E" uniqKey="Dube C">C. E. Dube</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pipas, C F" uniqKey="Pipas C">C. F. Pipas</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fuller, B K" uniqKey="Fuller B">B. K. Fuller</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lavallee, L K" uniqKey="Lavallee L">L. K. Lavallee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rosen, R" uniqKey="Rosen R">R. Rosen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Thomas, J P" uniqKey="Thomas J">J. P. Thomas</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gille, J" uniqKey="Gille J">J. Gille</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Travis, D" uniqKey="Travis D">D. Travis</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tversky, B" uniqKey="Tversky B">B. Tversky</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Morrsion, J B" uniqKey="Morrsion J">J. B. Morrsion</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Betrancourt, M" uniqKey="Betrancourt M">M. Betrancourt</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ungerleider, L G" uniqKey="Ungerleider L">L. G. Ungerleider</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mishkin, M" uniqKey="Mishkin M">M. Mishkin</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vekiri, I" uniqKey="Vekiri I">I. Vekiri</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vessey, I" uniqKey="Vessey I">I. Vessey</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wagoner, B" uniqKey="Wagoner B">B. Wagoner</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Watzman, S" uniqKey="Watzman S">S. Watzman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wittgenstein, L" uniqKey="Wittgenstein L">L. Wittgenstein</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wolfe, J M" uniqKey="Wolfe J">J. M. Wolfe</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wong, M S" uniqKey="Wong M">M. S. Wong</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lemaire, E D" uniqKey="Lemaire E">E. D. Lemaire</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Leung, A K L" uniqKey="Leung A">A. K. L. Leung</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chan, M F" uniqKey="Chan M">M. F. Chan</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Woodson, W" uniqKey="Woodson W">W. Woodson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tillman, B" uniqKey="Tillman B">B. Tillman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tillman, P" uniqKey="Tillman P">P. Tillman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
</listBibl>
</div1>
</back>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Front Psychol</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Front Psychol</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Front. Psychology</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Frontiers in Psychology</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="epub">1664-1078</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Frontiers Research Foundation</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">22822402</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">3398435</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.3389/fpsyg.2012.00230</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Psychology</subject>
<subj-group><subject>Original Research</subject>
</subj-group>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>PowerPoint<sup>®</sup>
Presentation Flaws and Failures: A Psychological Analysis</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kosslyn</surname>
<given-names>Stephen M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
</xref>
<xref ref-type="author-notes" rid="fn001">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Kievit</surname>
<given-names>Rogier A.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"><sup>2</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Russell</surname>
<given-names>Alexandra G.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"><sup>3</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Shephard</surname>
<given-names>Jennifer M.</given-names>
</name>
<xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff4"><sup>4</sup>
</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff1"><sup>1</sup>
<institution>Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University</institution>
<country>Stanford, CA USA</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff2"><sup>2</sup>
<institution>Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam</institution>
<country>Amsterdam, Netherlands</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff3"><sup>3</sup>
<institution>Department of Psychology, Stanford University</institution>
<country>Stanford, CA, USA</country>
</aff>
<aff id="aff4"><sup>4</sup>
<institution>Division of Social Science, Harvard University</institution>
<country>Cambridge, MA, USA</country>
</aff>
<author-notes><fn fn-type="edited-by"><p>Edited by: Roger Azevedo, McGill University, Canada</p>
</fn>
<fn fn-type="edited-by"><p>Reviewed by: Ying Xie, Lewis University, USA; Marcus Lee Johnson, University of Cincinnati, USA</p>
</fn>
<corresp id="fn001">*Correspondence: Stephen M. Kosslyn, Center for Advanced Study in the Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, 75 Alta Road, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. e-mail: <email xlink:type="simple">skosslyn@stanford.edu</email>
</corresp>
<fn fn-type="other" id="fn002"><p>This article was submitted to Frontiers in Educational Psychology, a specialty of Frontiers in Psychology.</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="epreprint"><day>15</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day>
<month>7</month>
<year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2012</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>3</volume>
<elocation-id>230</elocation-id>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>19</day>
<month>1</month>
<year>2012</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>19</day>
<month>6</month>
<year>2012</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2012 Kosslyn, Kievit, Russell and Shephard.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2012</copyright-year>
<license license-type="open-access" xlink:href="http://www.frontiersin.org/licenseagreement"><license-p>This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the <uri xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/">Creative Commons Attribution License</uri>
, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in other forums, provided the original authors and source are credited and subject to any copyright notices concerning any third-party graphics etc.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract><p>Electronic slideshow presentations are often faulted anecdotally, but little empirical work has documented their faults. In Study 1 we found that eight psychological principles are often violated in PowerPoint<sup>®</sup>
slideshows, and are violated to similar extents across different fields – for example, academic research slideshows generally were no better or worse than business slideshows. In Study 2 we found that respondents reported having noticed, and having been annoyed by, specific problems in presentations arising from violations of particular psychological principles. Finally, in Study 3 we showed that observers are not highly accurate in recognizing when particular slides violated a specific psychological rule. Furthermore, even when they correctly identified the violation, they often could not explain the nature of the problem. In sum, the psychological foundations for effective slideshow presentation design are neither obvious nor necessarily intuitive, and presentation designers in all fields, from education to business to government, could benefit from explicit instruction in relevant aspects of psychology.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group><kwd>PowerPoint<sup>®</sup>
</kwd>
<kwd>electronic slide show</kwd>
<kwd>presentation graphics</kwd>
<kwd>visual display design</kwd>
<kwd>clear communication</kwd>
<kwd>educational media</kwd>
<kwd>conveying information</kwd>
</kwd-group>
<counts><fig-count count="3"></fig-count>
<table-count count="7"></table-count>
<equation-count count="0"></equation-count>
<ref-count count="72"></ref-count>
<page-count count="22"></page-count>
<word-count count="17326"></word-count>
</counts>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Pays-Bas</li>
<li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
<region><li>Californie</li>
</region>
</list>
<tree><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Californie"><name sortKey="Kosslyn, Stephen M" sort="Kosslyn, Stephen M" uniqKey="Kosslyn S" first="Stephen M." last="Kosslyn">Stephen M. Kosslyn</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Russell, Alexandra G" sort="Russell, Alexandra G" uniqKey="Russell A" first="Alexandra G." last="Russell">Alexandra G. Russell</name>
<name sortKey="Shephard, Jennifer M" sort="Shephard, Jennifer M" uniqKey="Shephard J" first="Jennifer M." last="Shephard">Jennifer M. Shephard</name>
</country>
<country name="Pays-Bas"><noRegion><name sortKey="Kievit, Rogier A" sort="Kievit, Rogier A" uniqKey="Kievit R" first="Rogier A." last="Kievit">Rogier A. Kievit</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Wicri/Terre/explor/CobaltMaghrebV1/Data/Ncbi/Merge
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000221 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Merge/biblio.hfd -nk 000221 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien |wiki= Wicri/Terre |area= CobaltMaghrebV1 |flux= Ncbi |étape= Merge |type= RBID |clé= PMC:3398435 |texte= PowerPoint® Presentation Flaws and Failures: A Psychological Analysis }}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Merge/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:22822402" \ | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Ncbi/Merge/biblio.hfd \ | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a CobaltMaghrebV1
![]() | This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.32. | ![]() |