Steering a Tractor by Means of an EMG-Based Human-Machine Interface
Identifieur interne : 000765 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 000764; suivant : 000766Steering a Tractor by Means of an EMG-Based Human-Machine Interface
Auteurs : Jaime Gomez-Gil ; Israel San-Jose-Gonzalez ; Luis Fernando Nicolas-Alonso ; Sergio Alonso-GarciaSource :
- Sensors (Basel, Switzerland) [ 1424-8220 ] ; 2011.
Descripteurs français
- KwdFr :
- MESH :
- instrumentation : Agriculture, Humains, Interface utilisateur, Systèmes homme-machine, Véhicules motorisés, Électromyographie.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- MESH :
- instrumentation : Agriculture.
- Electromyography, Humans, Man-Machine Systems, Motor Vehicles, User-Computer Interface.
Abstract
An electromiographic (EMG)-based human-machine interface (HMI) is a communication pathway between a human and a machine that operates by means of the acquisition and processing of EMG signals. This article explores the use of EMG-based HMIs in the steering of farm tractors. An EPOC, a low-cost human-computer interface (HCI) from the Emotiv Company, was employed. This device, by means of 14 saline sensors, measures and processes EMG and electroencephalographic (EEG) signals from the scalp of the driver. In our tests, the HMI took into account only the detection of four trained muscular events on the driver’s scalp: eyes looking to the right and jaw opened, eyes looking to the right and jaw closed, eyes looking to the left and jaw opened, and eyes looking to the left and jaw closed. The EMG-based HMI guidance was compared with manual guidance and with autonomous GPS guidance. A driver tested these three guidance systems along three different trajectories: a straight line, a step, and a circumference. The accuracy of the EMG-based HMI guidance was lower than the accuracy obtained by manual guidance, which was lower in turn than the accuracy obtained by the autonomous GPS guidance; the computed standard deviations of error to the desired trajectory in the straight line were 16 cm, 9 cm, and 4 cm, respectively. Since the standard deviation between the manual guidance and the EMG-based HMI guidance differed only 7 cm, and this difference is not relevant in agricultural steering, it can be concluded that it is possible to steer a tractor by an EMG-based HMI with almost the same accuracy as with manual steering.
Url:
DOI: 10.3390/s110707110
PubMed: 22164006
PubMed Central: 3231667
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PMC:3231667Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Steering a Tractor by Means of an EMG-Based Human-Machine Interface</title><author><name sortKey="Gomez Gil, Jaime" sort="Gomez Gil, Jaime" uniqKey="Gomez Gil J" first="Jaime" last="Gomez-Gil">Jaime Gomez-Gil</name></author><author><name sortKey="San Jose Gonzalez, Israel" sort="San Jose Gonzalez, Israel" uniqKey="San Jose Gonzalez I" first="Israel" last="San-Jose-Gonzalez">Israel San-Jose-Gonzalez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nicolas Alonso, Luis Fernando" sort="Nicolas Alonso, Luis Fernando" uniqKey="Nicolas Alonso L" first="Luis Fernando" last="Nicolas-Alonso">Luis Fernando Nicolas-Alonso</name></author><author><name sortKey="Alonso Garcia, Sergio" sort="Alonso Garcia, Sergio" uniqKey="Alonso Garcia S" first="Sergio" last="Alonso-Garcia">Sergio Alonso-Garcia</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">22164006</idno><idno type="pmc">3231667</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3231667</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3231667</idno><idno type="doi">10.3390/s110707110</idno><date when="2011">2011</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000589</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000589</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000589</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000589</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000344</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000344</idno><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000311</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000311</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">000311</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">000311</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">000311</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">000311</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">000765</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Steering a Tractor by Means of an EMG-Based Human-Machine Interface</title><author><name sortKey="Gomez Gil, Jaime" sort="Gomez Gil, Jaime" uniqKey="Gomez Gil J" first="Jaime" last="Gomez-Gil">Jaime Gomez-Gil</name></author><author><name sortKey="San Jose Gonzalez, Israel" sort="San Jose Gonzalez, Israel" uniqKey="San Jose Gonzalez I" first="Israel" last="San-Jose-Gonzalez">Israel San-Jose-Gonzalez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nicolas Alonso, Luis Fernando" sort="Nicolas Alonso, Luis Fernando" uniqKey="Nicolas Alonso L" first="Luis Fernando" last="Nicolas-Alonso">Luis Fernando Nicolas-Alonso</name></author><author><name sortKey="Alonso Garcia, Sergio" sort="Alonso Garcia, Sergio" uniqKey="Alonso Garcia S" first="Sergio" last="Alonso-Garcia">Sergio Alonso-Garcia</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)</title><idno type="eISSN">1424-8220</idno><imprint><date when="2011">2011</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Agriculture (instrumentation)</term><term>Electromyography</term><term>Humans</term><term>Man-Machine Systems</term><term>Motor Vehicles</term><term>User-Computer Interface</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Agriculture (instrumentation)</term><term>Humains</term><term>Interface utilisateur</term><term>Systèmes homme-machine</term><term>Véhicules motorisés</term><term>Électromyographie</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="instrumentation" xml:lang="en"><term>Agriculture</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Electromyography</term><term>Humans</term><term>Man-Machine Systems</term><term>Motor Vehicles</term><term>User-Computer Interface</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="instrumentation" xml:lang="fr"><term>Agriculture</term><term>Humains</term><term>Interface utilisateur</term><term>Systèmes homme-machine</term><term>Véhicules motorisés</term><term>Électromyographie</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>An electromiographic (EMG)-based human-machine interface (HMI) is a communication pathway between a human and a machine that operates by means of the acquisition and processing of EMG signals. This article explores the use of EMG-based HMIs in the steering of farm tractors. An EPOC, a low-cost human-computer interface (HCI) from the Emotiv Company, was employed. This device, by means of 14 saline sensors, measures and processes EMG and electroencephalographic (EEG) signals from the scalp of the driver. In our tests, the HMI took into account only the detection of four trained muscular events on the driver’s scalp: eyes looking to the right and jaw opened, eyes looking to the right and jaw closed, eyes looking to the left and jaw opened, and eyes looking to the left and jaw closed. The EMG-based HMI guidance was compared with manual guidance and with autonomous GPS guidance. A driver tested these three guidance systems along three different trajectories: a straight line, a step, and a circumference. The accuracy of the EMG-based HMI guidance was lower than the accuracy obtained by manual guidance, which was lower in turn than the accuracy obtained by the autonomous GPS guidance; the computed standard deviations of error to the desired trajectory in the straight line were 16 cm, 9 cm, and 4 cm, respectively. Since the standard deviation between the manual guidance and the EMG-based HMI guidance differed only 7 cm, and this difference is not relevant in agricultural steering, it can be concluded that it is possible to steer a tractor by an EMG-based HMI with almost the same accuracy as with manual steering.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="O Onnor, M" uniqKey="O Onnor M">M O’Connor</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bell, T" uniqKey="Bell T">T Bell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Elkaim, G" uniqKey="Elkaim G">G Elkaim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Parkinson, B" uniqKey="Parkinson B">B Parkinson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cho, Si" uniqKey="Cho S">SI Cho</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Jh" uniqKey="Lee J">JH Lee</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Stoll, A" uniqKey="Stoll A">A 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Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Teo, C" uniqKey="Teo C">C Teo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ang, Mh" uniqKey="Ang M">MH Ang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Burdet, E" uniqKey="Burdet E">E Burdet</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><double pmid="22164006"><pmc><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Steering a Tractor by Means of an EMG-Based Human-Machine Interface</title><author><name sortKey="Gomez Gil, Jaime" sort="Gomez Gil, Jaime" uniqKey="Gomez Gil J" first="Jaime" last="Gomez-Gil">Jaime Gomez-Gil</name></author><author><name sortKey="San Jose Gonzalez, Israel" sort="San Jose Gonzalez, Israel" uniqKey="San Jose Gonzalez I" first="Israel" last="San-Jose-Gonzalez">Israel San-Jose-Gonzalez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nicolas Alonso, Luis Fernando" sort="Nicolas Alonso, Luis Fernando" uniqKey="Nicolas Alonso L" first="Luis Fernando" last="Nicolas-Alonso">Luis Fernando Nicolas-Alonso</name></author><author><name sortKey="Alonso Garcia, Sergio" sort="Alonso Garcia, Sergio" uniqKey="Alonso Garcia S" first="Sergio" last="Alonso-Garcia">Sergio Alonso-Garcia</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">22164006</idno><idno type="pmc">3231667</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3231667</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:3231667</idno><idno type="doi">10.3390/s110707110</idno><date when="2011">2011</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000589</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000589</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000589</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000589</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000344</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000344</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Steering a Tractor by Means of an EMG-Based Human-Machine Interface</title><author><name sortKey="Gomez Gil, Jaime" sort="Gomez Gil, Jaime" uniqKey="Gomez Gil J" first="Jaime" last="Gomez-Gil">Jaime Gomez-Gil</name></author><author><name sortKey="San Jose Gonzalez, Israel" sort="San Jose Gonzalez, Israel" uniqKey="San Jose Gonzalez I" first="Israel" last="San-Jose-Gonzalez">Israel San-Jose-Gonzalez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nicolas Alonso, Luis Fernando" sort="Nicolas Alonso, Luis Fernando" uniqKey="Nicolas Alonso L" first="Luis Fernando" last="Nicolas-Alonso">Luis Fernando Nicolas-Alonso</name></author><author><name sortKey="Alonso Garcia, Sergio" sort="Alonso Garcia, Sergio" uniqKey="Alonso Garcia S" first="Sergio" last="Alonso-Garcia">Sergio Alonso-Garcia</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)</title><idno type="eISSN">1424-8220</idno><imprint><date when="2011">2011</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>An electromiographic (EMG)-based human-machine interface (HMI) is a communication pathway between a human and a machine that operates by means of the acquisition and processing of EMG signals. This article explores the use of EMG-based HMIs in the steering of farm tractors. An EPOC, a low-cost human-computer interface (HCI) from the Emotiv Company, was employed. This device, by means of 14 saline sensors, measures and processes EMG and electroencephalographic (EEG) signals from the scalp of the driver. In our tests, the HMI took into account only the detection of four trained muscular events on the driver’s scalp: eyes looking to the right and jaw opened, eyes looking to the right and jaw closed, eyes looking to the left and jaw opened, and eyes looking to the left and jaw closed. The EMG-based HMI guidance was compared with manual guidance and with autonomous GPS guidance. A driver tested these three guidance systems along three different trajectories: a straight line, a step, and a circumference. The accuracy of the EMG-based HMI guidance was lower than the accuracy obtained by manual guidance, which was lower in turn than the accuracy obtained by the autonomous GPS guidance; the computed standard deviations of error to the desired trajectory in the straight line were 16 cm, 9 cm, and 4 cm, respectively. Since the standard deviation between the manual guidance and the EMG-based HMI guidance differed only 7 cm, and this difference is not relevant in agricultural steering, it can be concluded that it is possible to steer a tractor by an EMG-based HMI with almost the same accuracy as with manual steering.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="O Onnor, M" uniqKey="O Onnor M">M O’Connor</name></author><author><name sortKey="Bell, T" uniqKey="Bell T">T Bell</name></author><author><name sortKey="Elkaim, G" uniqKey="Elkaim G">G Elkaim</name></author><author><name sortKey="Parkinson, B" uniqKey="Parkinson B">B Parkinson</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cho, Si" uniqKey="Cho S">SI Cho</name></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Jh" uniqKey="Lee J">JH Lee</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Stoll, A" uniqKey="Stoll A">A 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Wang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Teo, C" uniqKey="Teo C">C Teo</name></author><author><name sortKey="Ang, Mh" uniqKey="Ang M">MH Ang</name></author><author><name sortKey="Burdet, E" uniqKey="Burdet E">E Burdet</name></author></analytic></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI></pmc><pubmed><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Steering a tractor by means of an EMG-based human-machine interface.</title><author><name sortKey="Gomez Gil, Jaime" sort="Gomez Gil, Jaime" uniqKey="Gomez Gil J" first="Jaime" last="Gomez-Gil">Jaime Gomez-Gil</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Signal Theory, Communications and Telematics Engineering, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain. jgomez@tel.uva.es</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Signal Theory, Communications and Telematics Engineering, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region nuts="2" type="communauté">Castille-et-León</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="San Jose Gonzalez, Israel" sort="San Jose Gonzalez, Israel" uniqKey="San Jose Gonzalez I" first="Israel" last="San-Jose-Gonzalez">Israel San-Jose-Gonzalez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nicolas Alonso, Luis Fernando" sort="Nicolas Alonso, Luis Fernando" uniqKey="Nicolas Alonso L" first="Luis Fernando" last="Nicolas-Alonso">Luis Fernando Nicolas-Alonso</name></author><author><name sortKey="Alonso Garcia, Sergio" sort="Alonso Garcia, Sergio" uniqKey="Alonso Garcia S" first="Sergio" last="Alonso-Garcia">Sergio Alonso-Garcia</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno><date when="2011">2011</date><idno type="doi">10.3390/s110707110</idno><idno type="RBID">pubmed:22164006</idno><idno type="pmid">22164006</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000311</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000311</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">000311</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">000311</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">000311</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">000311</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Steering a tractor by means of an EMG-based human-machine interface.</title><author><name sortKey="Gomez Gil, Jaime" sort="Gomez Gil, Jaime" uniqKey="Gomez Gil J" first="Jaime" last="Gomez-Gil">Jaime Gomez-Gil</name><affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Signal Theory, Communications and Telematics Engineering, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid, Spain. jgomez@tel.uva.es</nlm:affiliation><country xml:lang="fr">Espagne</country><wicri:regionArea>Department of Signal Theory, Communications and Telematics Engineering, University of Valladolid, 47011 Valladolid</wicri:regionArea><placeName><region nuts="2" type="communauté">Castille-et-León</region></placeName></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="San Jose Gonzalez, Israel" sort="San Jose Gonzalez, Israel" uniqKey="San Jose Gonzalez I" first="Israel" last="San-Jose-Gonzalez">Israel San-Jose-Gonzalez</name></author><author><name sortKey="Nicolas Alonso, Luis Fernando" sort="Nicolas Alonso, Luis Fernando" uniqKey="Nicolas Alonso L" first="Luis Fernando" last="Nicolas-Alonso">Luis Fernando Nicolas-Alonso</name></author><author><name sortKey="Alonso Garcia, Sergio" sort="Alonso Garcia, Sergio" uniqKey="Alonso Garcia S" first="Sergio" last="Alonso-Garcia">Sergio Alonso-Garcia</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Sensors (Basel, Switzerland)</title><idno type="eISSN">1424-8220</idno><imprint><date when="2011" type="published">2011</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Agriculture (instrumentation)</term><term>Electromyography</term><term>Humans</term><term>Man-Machine Systems</term><term>Motor Vehicles</term><term>User-Computer Interface</term></keywords><keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Agriculture (instrumentation)</term><term>Humains</term><term>Interface utilisateur</term><term>Systèmes homme-machine</term><term>Véhicules motorisés</term><term>Électromyographie</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="instrumentation" xml:lang="en"><term>Agriculture</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Electromyography</term><term>Humans</term><term>Man-Machine Systems</term><term>Motor Vehicles</term><term>User-Computer Interface</term></keywords><keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="instrumentation" xml:lang="fr"><term>Agriculture</term><term>Humains</term><term>Interface utilisateur</term><term>Systèmes homme-machine</term><term>Véhicules motorisés</term><term>Électromyographie</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">An electromiographic (EMG)-based human-machine interface (HMI) is a communication pathway between a human and a machine that operates by means of the acquisition and processing of EMG signals. This article explores the use of EMG-based HMIs in the steering of farm tractors. An EPOC, a low-cost human-computer interface (HCI) from the Emotiv Company, was employed. This device, by means of 14 saline sensors, measures and processes EMG and electroencephalographic (EEG) signals from the scalp of the driver. In our tests, the HMI took into account only the detection of four trained muscular events on the driver's scalp: eyes looking to the right and jaw opened, eyes looking to the right and jaw closed, eyes looking to the left and jaw opened, and eyes looking to the left and jaw closed. The EMG-based HMI guidance was compared with manual guidance and with autonomous GPS guidance. A driver tested these three guidance systems along three different trajectories: a straight line, a step, and a circumference. The accuracy of the EMG-based HMI guidance was lower than the accuracy obtained by manual guidance, which was lower in turn than the accuracy obtained by the autonomous GPS guidance; the computed standard deviations of error to the desired trajectory in the straight line were 16 cm, 9 cm, and 4 cm, respectively. Since the standard deviation between the manual guidance and the EMG-based HMI guidance differed only 7 cm, and this difference is not relevant in agricultural steering, it can be concluded that it is possible to steer a tractor by an EMG-based HMI with almost the same accuracy as with manual steering.</div></front></TEI></pubmed></double></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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