SgmlV1, Istex, Corpus, bibRecord, 002500

Efficacy of Stronger Neo‐Minophagen C compared between two doses administered three times a week on patients with chronic viral hepatitis

Identifieur interne : 002500 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 002499; suivant : 002501

Efficacy of Stronger Neo‐Minophagen C compared between two doses administered three times a week on patients with chronic viral hepatitis

Auteurs : Kazuhiko Miyake ; Toshiro Tango ; Yasuhiko Ota ; Keiji Mitamura ; Makoto Yoshiba ; Makoto Kako ; Shigeki Hayashi ; Yusei Ikeda ; Norimasa Hayashida ; Shogo Iwabuchi ; Yuzuru Sato ; Toshiaki Tomi ; Naoya Funaki ; Naoaki Hashimoto ; Tomoyuki Umeda ; Jun Miyazaki ; Katsuaki Tanaka ; Yasuo Endo ; Hiroshi Suzuki

Source :

Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology [ 0815-9319 ] ; 2002-11.

RBID : ISTEX:8F3C74F74BDAA461B31500167F46AD6414FC7E17

English descriptors

Teeft :
- Alanine aminotransferase, Aminotransferase, Aspartate aminotransferase, Baseline, Baseline characteristics, Baseline value, Baseline values, Blackwell publishing asia, Chronic hepatitis, Chronic liver disease, Clinical trial, Daily injection, Decrease serum levels, Dos, Ebara hospital, Exact test, Fewer patients, Glycyrrhizin, Hepatitis, Hepatitis viruses, Intermittent, Intermittent snmc, Internal medicine, Intravenous drug, Intravenous injection, Jiseikai hospital, Katsuaki tanaka, Keiji mitamura, Liver cirrhosis, Liver disease, Makoto kako, Makoto yoshiba, Miyake, Moderate improvement, Moderate response, Naoaki hashimoto, Naoya funaki, National institute, Norimasa hayashida, Present address, Present study, Public health, Quartile values, Response rate, Sanraku hospital, Second department, Services agency hospital, Shigeki hayashi, Shogo iwabuchi, Showa university school, Snmc, Snmc group, Snmc treatment, Study design, Teikyo university school, Therapeutic effects, Tokyo hitachi hospital, Tokyo hospital, Tokyo senbai hospital, Tomoyuki umeda, Toshiaki tomi, Toshiba hospital, Toshiro tango, Total bilirubin, Total cholesterol, Virological characteristics, Yokohama city university, Yuzuru sato.

Abstract

Background: A daily injection of glycyrrhizin (Stronger Neo‐Minophagen C (SNMC) containing 40 mg glycyrrhizin in a 20 mL ampoule) lowers alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in patients with chronic viral hepatitis.

Methods: The therapeutic effects of intermittent administration of SNMC three times a week for 12 weeks were evaluated and compared between two doses (40 and 100 mL) in a randomized clinical trial.

Results: Overall, the therapeutic response was better in the 53 patients allocated 100 mL than the 59 who were allocated to have 40 mL SNMC (P = 0.0243). At the completion of SNMC treatment, ALT levels decreased more extensively in the patients on 100 mL than those on 40 mL SNMC (−29 vs−50% in comparison with the baseline value, P = 0.0002). Minor side‐effects occurred in both the patients on 100 mL (20%) and those on 40 mL (12%), but they did not require any therapies.

Conclusions: Intermittent SNMC would be efficient in suppressing ALT levels in patients with chronic viral hepatitis in a dose‐dependent manner. Taken along with infrequent and very mild side‐effects, long‐term intermittent SNMC would benefit patients with chronic hepatitis by maintaining their quality of life with easier compliance.

Url:

https://api.istex.fr/ark:/67375/WNG-K6CPFPLP-P/fulltext.pdf

DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1746.2002.02876.x

Links to Exploration step

ISTEX:8F3C74F74BDAA461B31500167F46AD6414FC7E17

Le document en format XML

<record><TEI wicri:istexFullTextTei="biblStruct"><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Efficacy of Stronger Neo‐Minophagen C compared between two doses administered three times a week on patients with chronic viral hepatitis</title>
<author><name sortKey="Miyake, Kazuhiko" sort="Miyake, Kazuhiko" uniqKey="Miyake K" first="Kazuhiko" last="Miyake">Kazuhiko Miyake</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: kmiyake@med.teikyo‐u.ac.jp</mods:affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Tango, Toshiro" sort="Tango, Toshiro" uniqKey="Tango T" first="Toshiro" last="Tango">Toshiro Tango</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ota, Yasuhiko" sort="Ota, Yasuhiko" uniqKey="Ota Y" first="Yasuhiko" last="Ota">Yasuhiko Ota</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</mods:affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Mitamura, Keiji" sort="Mitamura, Keiji" uniqKey="Mitamura K" first="Keiji" last="Mitamura">Keiji Mitamura</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Yoshiba, Makoto" sort="Yoshiba, Makoto" uniqKey="Yoshiba M" first="Makoto" last="Yoshiba">Makoto Yoshiba</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Kako, Makoto" sort="Kako, Makoto" uniqKey="Kako M" first="Makoto" last="Kako">Makoto Kako</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hayashi, Shigeki" sort="Hayashi, Shigeki" uniqKey="Hayashi S" first="Shigeki" last="Hayashi">Shigeki Hayashi</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ikeda, Yusei" sort="Ikeda, Yusei" uniqKey="Ikeda Y" first="Yusei" last="Ikeda">Yusei Ikeda</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hayashida, Norimasa" sort="Hayashida, Norimasa" uniqKey="Hayashida N" first="Norimasa" last="Hayashida">Norimasa Hayashida</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Iwabuchi, Shogo" sort="Iwabuchi, Shogo" uniqKey="Iwabuchi S" first="Shogo" last="Iwabuchi">Shogo Iwabuchi</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sato, Yuzuru" sort="Sato, Yuzuru" uniqKey="Sato Y" first="Yuzuru" last="Sato">Yuzuru Sato</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tomi, Toshiaki" sort="Tomi, Toshiaki" uniqKey="Tomi T" first="Toshiaki" last="Tomi">Toshiaki Tomi</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Funaki, Naoya" sort="Funaki, Naoya" uniqKey="Funaki N" first="Naoya" last="Funaki">Naoya Funaki</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hashimoto, Naoaki" sort="Hashimoto, Naoaki" uniqKey="Hashimoto N" first="Naoaki" last="Hashimoto">Naoaki Hashimoto</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Umeda, Tomoyuki" sort="Umeda, Tomoyuki" uniqKey="Umeda T" first="Tomoyuki" last="Umeda">Tomoyuki Umeda</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Miyazaki, Jun" sort="Miyazaki, Jun" uniqKey="Miyazaki J" first="Jun" last="Miyazaki">Jun Miyazaki</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tanaka, Katsuaki" sort="Tanaka, Katsuaki" uniqKey="Tanaka K" first="Katsuaki" last="Tanaka">Katsuaki Tanaka</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Endo, Yasuo" sort="Endo, Yasuo" uniqKey="Endo Y" first="Yasuo" last="Endo">Yasuo Endo</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Suzuki, Hiroshi" sort="Suzuki, Hiroshi" uniqKey="Suzuki H" first="Hiroshi" last="Suzuki">Hiroshi Suzuki</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title level="a" type="main">Efficacy of Stronger Neo‐Minophagen C compared between two doses administered three times a week on patients with chronic viral hepatitis</title>
<author><name sortKey="Miyake, Kazuhiko" sort="Miyake, Kazuhiko" uniqKey="Miyake K" first="Kazuhiko" last="Miyake">Kazuhiko Miyake</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>E-mail: kmiyake@med.teikyo‐u.ac.jp</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tango, Toshiro" sort="Tango, Toshiro" uniqKey="Tango T" first="Toshiro" last="Tango">Toshiro Tango</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ota, Yasuhiko" sort="Ota, Yasuhiko" uniqKey="Ota Y" first="Yasuhiko" last="Ota">Yasuhiko Ota</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mitamura, Keiji" sort="Mitamura, Keiji" uniqKey="Mitamura K" first="Keiji" last="Mitamura">Keiji Mitamura</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yoshiba, Makoto" sort="Yoshiba, Makoto" uniqKey="Yoshiba M" first="Makoto" last="Yoshiba">Makoto Yoshiba</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kako, Makoto" sort="Kako, Makoto" uniqKey="Kako M" first="Makoto" last="Kako">Makoto Kako</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hayashi, Shigeki" sort="Hayashi, Shigeki" uniqKey="Hayashi S" first="Shigeki" last="Hayashi">Shigeki Hayashi</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ikeda, Yusei" sort="Ikeda, Yusei" uniqKey="Ikeda Y" first="Yusei" last="Ikeda">Yusei Ikeda</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hayashida, Norimasa" sort="Hayashida, Norimasa" uniqKey="Hayashida N" first="Norimasa" last="Hayashida">Norimasa Hayashida</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Iwabuchi, Shogo" sort="Iwabuchi, Shogo" uniqKey="Iwabuchi S" first="Shogo" last="Iwabuchi">Shogo Iwabuchi</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sato, Yuzuru" sort="Sato, Yuzuru" uniqKey="Sato Y" first="Yuzuru" last="Sato">Yuzuru Sato</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tomi, Toshiaki" sort="Tomi, Toshiaki" uniqKey="Tomi T" first="Toshiaki" last="Tomi">Toshiaki Tomi</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Funaki, Naoya" sort="Funaki, Naoya" uniqKey="Funaki N" first="Naoya" last="Funaki">Naoya Funaki</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hashimoto, Naoaki" sort="Hashimoto, Naoaki" uniqKey="Hashimoto N" first="Naoaki" last="Hashimoto">Naoaki Hashimoto</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Umeda, Tomoyuki" sort="Umeda, Tomoyuki" uniqKey="Umeda T" first="Tomoyuki" last="Umeda">Tomoyuki Umeda</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Miyazaki, Jun" sort="Miyazaki, Jun" uniqKey="Miyazaki J" first="Jun" last="Miyazaki">Jun Miyazaki</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tanaka, Katsuaki" sort="Tanaka, Katsuaki" uniqKey="Tanaka K" first="Katsuaki" last="Tanaka">Katsuaki Tanaka</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Endo, Yasuo" sort="Endo, Yasuo" uniqKey="Endo Y" first="Yasuo" last="Endo">Yasuo Endo</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Suzuki, Hiroshi" sort="Suzuki, Hiroshi" uniqKey="Suzuki H" first="Hiroshi" last="Suzuki">Hiroshi Suzuki</name>
<affiliation><mods:affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</mods:affiliation>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<monogr></monogr>
<series><title level="j" type="main">Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology</title>
<title level="j" type="alt">JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY HEPATOLOGY</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0815-9319</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1440-1746</idno>
<imprint><biblScope unit="vol">17</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="issue">11</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page" from="1198">1198</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page" to="1204">1204</biblScope>
<biblScope unit="page-count">6</biblScope>
<publisher>Blackwell Science Pty</publisher>
<pubPlace>Melbourne, Australia</pubPlace>
<date type="published" when="2002-11">2002-11</date>
</imprint>
<idno type="ISSN">0815-9319</idno>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
<seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">0815-9319</idno>
</seriesStmt>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="Teeft" xml:lang="en"><term>Alanine aminotransferase</term>
<term>Aminotransferase</term>
<term>Aspartate aminotransferase</term>
<term>Baseline</term>
<term>Baseline characteristics</term>
<term>Baseline value</term>
<term>Baseline values</term>
<term>Blackwell publishing asia</term>
<term>Chronic hepatitis</term>
<term>Chronic liver disease</term>
<term>Clinical trial</term>
<term>Daily injection</term>
<term>Decrease serum levels</term>
<term>Dos</term>
<term>Ebara hospital</term>
<term>Exact test</term>
<term>Fewer patients</term>
<term>Glycyrrhizin</term>
<term>Hepatitis</term>
<term>Hepatitis viruses</term>
<term>Intermittent</term>
<term>Intermittent snmc</term>
<term>Internal medicine</term>
<term>Intravenous drug</term>
<term>Intravenous injection</term>
<term>Jiseikai hospital</term>
<term>Katsuaki tanaka</term>
<term>Keiji mitamura</term>
<term>Liver cirrhosis</term>
<term>Liver disease</term>
<term>Makoto kako</term>
<term>Makoto yoshiba</term>
<term>Miyake</term>
<term>Moderate improvement</term>
<term>Moderate response</term>
<term>Naoaki hashimoto</term>
<term>Naoya funaki</term>
<term>National institute</term>
<term>Norimasa hayashida</term>
<term>Present address</term>
<term>Present study</term>
<term>Public health</term>
<term>Quartile values</term>
<term>Response rate</term>
<term>Sanraku hospital</term>
<term>Second department</term>
<term>Services agency hospital</term>
<term>Shigeki hayashi</term>
<term>Shogo iwabuchi</term>
<term>Showa university school</term>
<term>Snmc</term>
<term>Snmc group</term>
<term>Snmc treatment</term>
<term>Study design</term>
<term>Teikyo university school</term>
<term>Therapeutic effects</term>
<term>Tokyo hitachi hospital</term>
<term>Tokyo hospital</term>
<term>Tokyo senbai hospital</term>
<term>Tomoyuki umeda</term>
<term>Toshiaki tomi</term>
<term>Toshiba hospital</term>
<term>Toshiro tango</term>
<term>Total bilirubin</term>
<term>Total cholesterol</term>
<term>Virological characteristics</term>
<term>Yokohama city university</term>
<term>Yuzuru sato</term>
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<front><div type="abstract">Background: A daily injection of glycyrrhizin (Stronger Neo‐Minophagen C (SNMC) containing 40 mg glycyrrhizin in a 20 mL ampoule) lowers alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in patients with chronic viral hepatitis.</div>
<div type="abstract">Methods: The therapeutic effects of intermittent administration of SNMC three times a week for 12 weeks were evaluated and compared between two doses (40 and 100 mL) in a randomized clinical trial.</div>
<div type="abstract">Results: Overall, the therapeutic response was better in the 53 patients allocated 100 mL than the 59 who were allocated to have 40 mL SNMC (P = 0.0243). At the completion of SNMC treatment, ALT levels decreased more extensively in the patients on 100 mL than those on 40 mL SNMC (−29 vs−50% in comparison with the baseline value, P = 0.0002). Minor side‐effects occurred in both the patients on 100 mL (20%) and those on 40 mL (12%), but they did not require any therapies.</div>
<div type="abstract">Conclusions: Intermittent SNMC would be efficient in suppressing ALT levels in patients with chronic viral hepatitis in a dose‐dependent manner. Taken along with infrequent and very mild side‐effects, long‐term intermittent SNMC would benefit patients with chronic hepatitis by maintaining their quality of life with easier compliance.</div>
<div type="abstract">© 2002 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd</div>
</front>
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<author><json:item><name>Kazuhiko Miyake</name>
<affiliations><json:string>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</json:string>
<json:string>E-mail: kmiyake@med.teikyo‐u.ac.jp</json:string>
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<json:item><name>Toshiro Tango</name>
<affiliations><json:string>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</json:string>
</affiliations>
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<json:item><name>Yasuhiko Ota</name>
<affiliations><json:string>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</json:string>
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</json:item>
<json:item><name>Keiji Mitamura</name>
<affiliations><json:string>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</json:string>
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</json:item>
<json:item><name>Makoto Yoshiba</name>
<affiliations><json:string>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</json:string>
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</json:item>
<json:item><name>Makoto Kako</name>
<affiliations><json:string>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</json:string>
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<json:item><name>Shigeki Hayashi</name>
<affiliations><json:string>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</json:string>
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<json:item><name>Yusei Ikeda</name>
<affiliations><json:string>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</json:string>
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<json:item><name>Norimasa Hayashida</name>
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</json:item>
<json:item><name>Shogo Iwabuchi</name>
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</json:item>
<json:item><name>Yuzuru Sato</name>
<affiliations><json:string>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</json:string>
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<json:item><name>Toshiaki Tomi</name>
<affiliations><json:string>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</json:string>
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<json:item><name>Naoya Funaki</name>
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<json:item><name>Naoaki Hashimoto</name>
<affiliations><json:string>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</json:string>
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<json:item><name>Tomoyuki Umeda</name>
<affiliations><json:string>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</json:string>
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<json:item><name>Jun Miyazaki</name>
<affiliations><json:string>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</json:string>
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<json:item><name>Katsuaki Tanaka</name>
<affiliations><json:string>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</json:string>
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<json:item><name>Yasuo Endo</name>
<affiliations><json:string>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</json:string>
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<abstract>Background: A daily injection of glycyrrhizin (Stronger Neo‐Minophagen C (SNMC) containing 40 mg glycyrrhizin in a 20 mL ampoule) lowers alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in patients with chronic viral hepatitis.</abstract>
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<addrLine>¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>* * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>† † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University</addrLine>
<addrLine>Yamanashi</addrLine>
<country key="JP">JAPAN</country>
<country key="JP"></country>
</address>
</affiliation>
<affiliation>Professor K Miyake, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo Univeristy School of Medicine, 2‐11‐1 Kaga, Itabashi‐ku, Tokyo 173‐8605, Japan. Email: kmiyake@med.teikyo‐u.ac.jp</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0001"><persName><forename type="first">Toshiro</forename>
<surname>Tango</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName type="institution">* Teikyo University School of Medicine</orgName>
<address><addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>† National Institute of Public Health</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>‡ Toshiba Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>§ Showa University School of Medicine</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>* * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>† † International Medical Center of Japan</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>§ § Kawakita General Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>* * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>† † † Jiseikai Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>§ § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>* * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>† † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University</addrLine>
<addrLine>Yamanashi</addrLine>
<country key="JP">JAPAN</country>
<country key="JP"></country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0002"><persName><forename type="first">Yasuhiko</forename>
<surname>Ota</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName type="institution">* Teikyo University School of Medicine</orgName>
<address><addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>† National Institute of Public Health</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>‡ Toshiba Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>§ Showa University School of Medicine</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>* * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>† † International Medical Center of Japan</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>§ § Kawakita General Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>* * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>† † † Jiseikai Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>§ § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>* * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>† † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University</addrLine>
<addrLine>Yamanashi</addrLine>
<country key="JP">JAPAN</country>
<country key="JP"></country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0003"><persName><forename type="first">Keiji</forename>
<surname>Mitamura</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName type="institution">* Teikyo University School of Medicine</orgName>
<address><addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>† National Institute of Public Health</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>‡ Toshiba Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>§ Showa University School of Medicine</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>* * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>† † International Medical Center of Japan</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>§ § Kawakita General Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>* * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>† † † Jiseikai Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>§ § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>* * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>† † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University</addrLine>
<addrLine>Yamanashi</addrLine>
<country key="JP">JAPAN</country>
<country key="JP"></country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0004"><persName><forename type="first">Makoto</forename>
<surname>Yoshiba</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName type="institution">* Teikyo University School of Medicine</orgName>
<address><addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>† National Institute of Public Health</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>‡ Toshiba Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>§ Showa University School of Medicine</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>* * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>† † International Medical Center of Japan</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>§ § Kawakita General Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>* * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>† † † Jiseikai Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>§ § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>* * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>† † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University</addrLine>
<addrLine>Yamanashi</addrLine>
<country key="JP">JAPAN</country>
<country key="JP"></country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0005"><persName><forename type="first">Makoto</forename>
<surname>Kako</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName type="institution">* Teikyo University School of Medicine</orgName>
<address><addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>† National Institute of Public Health</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>‡ Toshiba Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>§ Showa University School of Medicine</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>* * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>† † International Medical Center of Japan</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>§ § Kawakita General Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>* * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>† † † Jiseikai Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>§ § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>* * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>† † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University</addrLine>
<addrLine>Yamanashi</addrLine>
<country key="JP">JAPAN</country>
<country key="JP"></country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0006"><persName><forename type="first">Shigeki</forename>
<surname>Hayashi</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName type="institution">* Teikyo University School of Medicine</orgName>
<address><addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>† National Institute of Public Health</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>‡ Toshiba Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>§ Showa University School of Medicine</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>* * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>† † International Medical Center of Japan</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>§ § Kawakita General Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>* * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>† † † Jiseikai Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>§ § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>* * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>† † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University</addrLine>
<addrLine>Yamanashi</addrLine>
<country key="JP">JAPAN</country>
<country key="JP"></country>
</address>
</affiliation>
<note type="foot">
              
              Present address: Social Insurance Tonan General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
            </note>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0007"><persName><forename type="first">Yusei</forename>
<surname>Ikeda</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName type="institution">* Teikyo University School of Medicine</orgName>
<address><addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>† National Institute of Public Health</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>‡ Toshiba Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>§ Showa University School of Medicine</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>* * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>† † International Medical Center of Japan</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>§ § Kawakita General Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>* * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>† † † Jiseikai Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>§ § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>* * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>† † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University</addrLine>
<addrLine>Yamanashi</addrLine>
<country key="JP">JAPAN</country>
<country key="JP"></country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0008"><persName><forename type="first">Norimasa</forename>
<surname>Hayashida</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName type="institution">* Teikyo University School of Medicine</orgName>
<address><addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>† National Institute of Public Health</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>‡ Toshiba Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>§ Showa University School of Medicine</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>* * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>† † International Medical Center of Japan</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>§ § Kawakita General Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>* * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>† † † Jiseikai Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>§ § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>* * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>† † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University</addrLine>
<addrLine>Yamanashi</addrLine>
<country key="JP">JAPAN</country>
<country key="JP"></country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0009"><persName><forename type="first">Shogo</forename>
<surname>Iwabuchi</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName type="institution">* Teikyo University School of Medicine</orgName>
<address><addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>† National Institute of Public Health</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>‡ Toshiba Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>§ Showa University School of Medicine</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>* * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>† † International Medical Center of Japan</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>§ § Kawakita General Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>* * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>† † † Jiseikai Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>§ § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>* * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>† † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University</addrLine>
<addrLine>Yamanashi</addrLine>
<country key="JP">JAPAN</country>
<country key="JP"></country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0010"><persName><forename type="first">Yuzuru</forename>
<surname>Sato</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName type="institution">* Teikyo University School of Medicine</orgName>
<address><addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>† National Institute of Public Health</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>‡ Toshiba Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>§ Showa University School of Medicine</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>* * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>† † International Medical Center of Japan</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>§ § Kawakita General Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>* * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>† † † Jiseikai Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>§ § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>* * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>† † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University</addrLine>
<addrLine>Yamanashi</addrLine>
<country key="JP">JAPAN</country>
<country key="JP"></country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0011"><persName><forename type="first"> Toshiaki</forename>
<surname>Tomi</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName type="institution">* Teikyo University School of Medicine</orgName>
<address><addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>† National Institute of Public Health</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>‡ Toshiba Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>§ Showa University School of Medicine</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>* * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>† † International Medical Center of Japan</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>§ § Kawakita General Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>* * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>† † † Jiseikai Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>§ § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>* * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>† † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University</addrLine>
<addrLine>Yamanashi</addrLine>
<country key="JP">JAPAN</country>
<country key="JP"></country>
</address>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author xml:id="author-0012"><persName><forename type="first">Naoya</forename>
<surname>Funaki</surname>
</persName>
<affiliation><orgName type="institution">* Teikyo University School of Medicine</orgName>
<address><addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>† National Institute of Public Health</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>‡ Toshiba Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>§ Showa University School of Medicine</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>* * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>† † International Medical Center of Japan</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>§ § Kawakita General Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>* * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>† † † Jiseikai Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
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<affiliation><orgName type="institution">* Teikyo University School of Medicine</orgName>
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<author xml:id="author-0014"><persName><forename type="first">Tomoyuki</forename>
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<author xml:id="author-0016"><persName><forename type="first">Katsuaki</forename>
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<author xml:id="author-0017"><persName><forename type="first">Yasuo</forename>
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<addrLine>Tokyo</addrLine>
<addrLine>§ § Kawakita General Hospital</addrLine>
<addrLine>Kanagawa</addrLine>
<addrLine>¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital</addrLine>
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<addrLine>‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital</addrLine>
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<monogr><title level="j" type="main">Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology</title>
<title level="j" type="alt">JOURNAL OF GASTROENTEROLOGY HEPATOLOGY</title>
<idno type="pISSN">0815-9319</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1440-1746</idno>
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<profileDesc><abstract xml:lang="en" style="main"><head>Abstract</head>
<p><hi rend="italic"><hi rend="italic">Background: </hi>
</hi>
 A daily injection of glycyrrhizin (Stronger Neo‐Minophagen C (SNMC) containing 40 mg glycyrrhizin in a 20 mL ampoule) lowers alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in patients with chronic viral hepatitis.</p>
<p><hi rend="italic"><hi rend="italic">Methods: </hi>
</hi>
 The therapeutic effects of intermittent administration of SNMC three times a week for 12 weeks were evaluated and compared between two doses (40 and 100 mL) in a randomized clinical trial.</p>
<p><hi rend="italic"><hi rend="italic">Results: </hi>
</hi>
 Overall, the therapeutic response was better in the 53 patients allocated 100 mL than the 59 who were allocated to have 40 mL SNMC (<hi rend="italic">P</hi>
 = 0.0243). At the completion of SNMC treatment, ALT levels decreased more extensively in the patients on 100 mL than those on 40 mL SNMC (−29 <hi rend="italic">vs</hi>
−50% in comparison with the baseline value, <hi rend="italic">P</hi>
 = 0.0002). Minor side‐effects occurred in both the patients on 100 mL (20%) and those on 40 mL (12%), but they did not require any therapies.</p>
<p><hi rend="italic"><hi rend="italic">Conclusions: </hi>
</hi>
 Intermittent SNMC would be efficient in suppressing ALT levels in patients with chronic viral hepatitis in a dose‐dependent manner. Taken along with infrequent and very mild side‐effects, long‐term intermittent SNMC would benefit patients with chronic hepatitis by maintaining their quality of life with easier compliance.</p>
<p>© 2002 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd</p>
</abstract>
<textClass><keywords xml:lang="en"><term xml:id="k1">chronic hepatitis</term>
<term xml:id="k2">glycyrrhizin</term>
<term xml:id="k3">hepatitis B virus</term>
<term xml:id="k4">hepatitis C virus</term>
<term xml:id="k5">liver cirrhosis</term>
</keywords>
<keywords rend="tocHeading1"><term>Injection Therapy for Chronic Viral Hepatitis</term>
</keywords>
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<coverDate startDate="2002-11">November 2002</coverDate>
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<titleGroup><title type="tocHeading1">Injection Therapy for Chronic Viral Hepatitis</title>
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<correspondenceTo> Professor K Miyake, Department of Internal Medicine, Teikyo Univeristy School of Medicine, 2‐11‐1 Kaga, Itabashi‐ku, Tokyo 173‐8605, Japan. Email: <email normalForm="kmiyake@med.teikyo-u.ac.jp">kmiyake@med.teikyo‐u.ac.jp</email>
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<contentMeta><unparsedEditorialHistory>Accepted for publication 10 June 2002.</unparsedEditorialHistory>
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<titleGroup><title type="main">Efficacy of Stronger Neo‐Minophagen C compared between two doses administered three times a week on patients with chronic viral hepatitis</title>
<title type="shortAuthors">K Miyake <i>et al.</i>
</title>
<title type="short">SNMC for chronic hepatitis</title>
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              *
            
            Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 
          

            
              <sup><i>
                  †
                </i>
</sup>
            
            National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, 
          

            
              <sup><i>
                  ‡
                </i>
</sup>
            
            Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, 
          

            
              <sup><i>
                  §
                </i>
</sup>
            
            Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, 
          

            
              <sup><i>
                  ¶
                </i>
</sup>
            
            Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, 
          

            
              *
              *
            
            Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, 
          

            
              <sup><i>
                  †
                  †
                </i>
</sup>
            
            International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, 
          

            
              <sup><i>
                  ‡
                  ‡
                </i>
</sup>
            
            Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, 
          

            
              <sup><i>
                  §
                  §
                </i>
</sup>
            
            Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, 
          

            
              <sup><i>
                  ¶
                  ¶
                </i>
</sup>
            
            Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, 
          

            
              *
              *
              *
            
            Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, 
          

            
              <sup><i>
                  †
                  †
                  †
                </i>
</sup>
            
            Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, 
          

            
              <sup><i>
                  ‡
                  ‡
                  ‡
                </i>
</sup>
            
            Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, 
          

            
              <sup><i>
                  §
                  §
                  §
                </i>
</sup>
            
            Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, 
          

            
              <sup><i>
                  ¶
                  ¶
                  ¶
                </i>
</sup>
            
            Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, 
          

            
              *
              *
              *
              *
            
            Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, 
          

            
              <sup><i>
                  †
                  †
                  †
                  †
                </i>
</sup>
            
            Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, 
          

            
              <sup><i>
                  ‡
                  ‡
                  ‡
                  ‡
                </i>
</sup>
            
            Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and 
          

            
              <sup><i>
                  §
                  §
                  §
                  §
                </i>
</sup>
            
            Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan
          </unparsedAffiliation>
</affiliation>
</affiliationGroup>
<keywordGroup xml:lang="en"><keyword xml:id="k1">chronic hepatitis</keyword>
<keyword xml:id="k2">glycyrrhizin</keyword>
<keyword xml:id="k3">hepatitis B virus</keyword>
<keyword xml:id="k4">hepatitis C virus</keyword>
<keyword xml:id="k5">liver cirrhosis</keyword>
</keywordGroup>
<abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title>
<p><b><i>Background: </i>
</b>
 A daily injection of glycyrrhizin (Stronger Neo‐Minophagen C (SNMC) containing 40 mg glycyrrhizin in a 20 mL ampoule) lowers alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in patients with chronic viral hepatitis.</p>
<p><b><i>Methods: </i>
</b>
 The therapeutic effects of intermittent administration of SNMC three times a week for 12 weeks were evaluated and compared between two doses (40 and 100 mL) in a randomized clinical trial.</p>
<p><b><i>Results: </i>
</b>
 Overall, the therapeutic response was better in the 53 patients allocated 100 mL than the 59 who were allocated to have 40 mL SNMC (<i>P</i>
 = 0.0243). At the completion of SNMC treatment, ALT levels decreased more extensively in the patients on 100 mL than those on 40 mL SNMC (−29 <i>vs</i>
−50% in comparison with the baseline value, <i>P</i>
 = 0.0002). Minor side‐effects occurred in both the patients on 100 mL (20%) and those on 40 mL (12%), but they did not require any therapies.</p>
<p><b><i>Conclusions: </i>
</b>
 Intermittent SNMC would be efficient in suppressing ALT levels in patients with chronic viral hepatitis in a dose‐dependent manner. Taken along with infrequent and very mild side‐effects, long‐term intermittent SNMC would benefit patients with chronic hepatitis by maintaining their quality of life with easier compliance.</p>
<p>© 2002 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd</p>
</abstract>
</abstractGroup>
</contentMeta>
<noteGroup><note xml:id="fn1"><label><sup>
                  ¶
                  ¶
                  ¶
                  ¶
                </sup>
</label>
<p>
              
              Present address: Social Insurance Tonan General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
            </p>
</note>
<note xml:id="fn2"><label>
                *
                *
                *
                *
                *
              </label>
<p>
              
              Present address: Ohfuna Chuo Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan.
            </p>
</note>
</noteGroup>
</header>
</component>
</istex:document>
</istex:metadataXml>
<mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Efficacy of Stronger Neo‐Minophagen C compared between two doses administered three times a week on patients with chronic viral hepatitis</title>
</titleInfo>
<titleInfo type="abbreviated" lang="en"><title>SNMC for chronic hepatitis</title>
</titleInfo>
<titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Efficacy of Stronger Neo‐Minophagen C compared between two doses administered three times a week on patients with chronic viral hepatitis</title>
</titleInfo>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Kazuhiko</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Miyake</namePart>
<affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</affiliation>
<affiliation>E-mail: kmiyake@med.teikyo‐u.ac.jp</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Toshiro</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Tango</namePart>
<affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Yasuhiko</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Ota</namePart>
<affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Keiji</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Mitamura</namePart>
<affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Makoto</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Yoshiba</namePart>
<affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Makoto</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Kako</namePart>
<affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Shigeki</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Hayashi</namePart>
<affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</affiliation>
<description>Present address: Social Insurance Tonan General Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.</description>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Yusei</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Ikeda</namePart>
<affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Norimasa</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Hayashida</namePart>
<affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Shogo</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Iwabuchi</namePart>
<affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Yuzuru</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Sato</namePart>
<affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Toshiaki</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Tomi</namePart>
<affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Naoya</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Funaki</namePart>
<affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Naoaki</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Hashimoto</namePart>
<affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Tomoyuki</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Umeda</namePart>
<affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Jun</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Miyazaki</namePart>
<affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Katsuaki</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Tanaka</namePart>
<affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Yasuo</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Endo</namePart>
<affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
<name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Hiroshi</namePart>
<namePart type="family">Suzuki</namePart>
<affiliation>* Teikyo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, † National Institute of Public Health, Tokyo, ‡ Toshiba Hospital, Tokyo, § Showa University School of Medicine,Tokyo, ¶ Showa University Fujigaoka Hospital, Kanagawa, * * Teikyo University Mizonokuchi Hospital, Kanagawa, † † International Medical Center of Japan, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ Tokyo Kosei‐Nenkin Hospital, Tokyo, § § Kawakita General Hospital, Kanagawa, ¶ ¶ Kawasaki Abdominal Hospital, Kanagawa, * * * Kanto Medical Center of NTT East Corporation, Tokyo, † † † Jiseikai Hospital, Tokyo, ‡ ‡ ‡ Tokyo Senbai Hospital, Tokyo, § § § Tokyo Postal Services Agency Hospital, Tokyo, ¶ ¶ ¶ Tokyo Metropolitan Ebara Hospital, Tokyo, * * * * Tokyo Hitachi Hospital, Tokyo, † † † † Yokohama City University Medical Center, Kanagawa, ‡ ‡ ‡ ‡ Sanraku Hospital, Tokyo and § § § § Yamanashi Medical University, Yamanashi, Japan</affiliation>
<role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm>
</role>
</name>
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<originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Science Pty</publisher>
<place><placeTerm type="text">Melbourne, Australia</placeTerm>
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<dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2002-11</dateIssued>
<edition>Accepted for publication 10 June 2002.</edition>
<copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2002</copyrightDate>
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<abstract>Background: A daily injection of glycyrrhizin (Stronger Neo‐Minophagen C (SNMC) containing 40 mg glycyrrhizin in a 20 mL ampoule) lowers alanine aminotransferase (ALT) levels in patients with chronic viral hepatitis.</abstract>
<abstract>Methods: The therapeutic effects of intermittent administration of SNMC three times a week for 12 weeks were evaluated and compared between two doses (40 and 100 mL) in a randomized clinical trial.</abstract>
<abstract>Results: Overall, the therapeutic response was better in the 53 patients allocated 100 mL than the 59 who were allocated to have 40 mL SNMC (P = 0.0243). At the completion of SNMC treatment, ALT levels decreased more extensively in the patients on 100 mL than those on 40 mL SNMC (−29 vs−50% in comparison with the baseline value, P = 0.0002). Minor side‐effects occurred in both the patients on 100 mL (20%) and those on 40 mL (12%), but they did not require any therapies.</abstract>
<abstract>Conclusions: Intermittent SNMC would be efficient in suppressing ALT levels in patients with chronic viral hepatitis in a dose‐dependent manner. Taken along with infrequent and very mild side‐effects, long‐term intermittent SNMC would benefit patients with chronic hepatitis by maintaining their quality of life with easier compliance.</abstract>
<abstract>© 2002 Blackwell Publishing Asia Pty Ltd</abstract>
<subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre>
<topic>chronic hepatitis</topic>
<topic>glycyrrhizin</topic>
<topic>hepatitis B virus</topic>
<topic>hepatitis C virus</topic>
<topic>liver cirrhosis</topic>
</subject>
<relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Journal of Gastroenterology and Hepatology</title>
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<identifier type="ISSN">0815-9319</identifier>
<identifier type="eISSN">1440-1746</identifier>
<identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1440-1746</identifier>
<identifier type="PublisherID">JGH</identifier>
<part><date>2002</date>
<detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption>
<number>17</number>
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<detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption>
<number>11</number>
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<extent unit="pages"><start>1198</start>
<end>1204</end>
<total>6</total>
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<identifier type="ark">ark:/67375/WNG-K6CPFPLP-P</identifier>
<identifier type="DOI">10.1046/j.1440-1746.2002.02876.x</identifier>
<identifier type="ArticleID">JGH2876</identifier>
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<recordOrigin>Blackwell Science Pty</recordOrigin>
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Efficacy of Stronger Neo‐Minophagen C compared between two doses administered three times a week on patients with chronic viral hepatitis

Efficacy of Stronger Neo‐Minophagen C compared between two doses administered three times a week on patients with chronic viral hepatitis

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