The future of spine surgery: New horizons in the treatment of spinal disorders
Identifieur interne : 001782 ( Main/Exploration ); précédent : 001781; suivant : 001783The future of spine surgery: New horizons in the treatment of spinal disorders
Auteurs : Noojan Kazemi [États-Unis] ; Laura K. Crew [États-Unis] ; Trent L. Tredway [États-Unis]Source :
- Surgical Neurology International [ 2229-5097 ] ; 2013.
Abstract
As with any evolving surgical discipline, it is difficult to predict the future of the practice and science of spine surgery. In the last decade, there have been dramatic developments in both the techniques as well as the tools employed in the delivery of better outcomes to patients undergoing such surgery. In this article, we explore four specific areas in spine surgery: namely the role of minimally invasive spine surgery; motion preservation; robotic-aided surgery and neuro-navigation; and the use of biological substances to reduce the number of traditional and revision spine surgeries.
Minimally invasive spine surgery has flourished in the last decade with an increasing amount of surgeries being performed for a wide variety of degenerative, traumatic, and neoplastic processes. Particular progress in the development of a direct lateral approach as well as improvement of tubular retractors has been achieved. Improvements in motion preservation techniques have led to a significant number of patients achieving arthroplasty where fusion was the only option previously. Important caveats to the indications for arthroplasty are discussed. Both robotics and neuro-navigation have become further refined as tools to assist in spine surgery and have been demonstrated to increase accuracy in spinal instrumentation placement. There has much debate and refinement in the use of biologically active agents to aid and augment function in spine surgery. Biological agents targeted to the intervertebral disc space could increase function and halt degeneration in this anatomical region.
Great improvements have been achieved in developing better techniques and tools in spine surgery. It is envisaged that progress in the four focus areas discussed will lead to better outcomes and reduced burdens on the future of both our patients and the health care system.
Url:
DOI: 10.4103/2152-7806.109186
PubMed: 23653885
PubMed Central: 3642747
Affiliations:
Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)
- to stream Pmc, to step Corpus: 000E16
- to stream Pmc, to step Curation: 000E16
- to stream Pmc, to step Checkpoint: 000F63
- to stream Ncbi, to step Merge: 002674
- to stream Ncbi, to step Curation: 002674
- to stream Ncbi, to step Checkpoint: 002674
- to stream Main, to step Merge: 001795
- to stream Main, to step Curation: 001782
Le document en format XML
<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">The future of spine surgery: New horizons in the treatment of spinal disorders</title>
<author><name sortKey="Kazemi, Noojan" sort="Kazemi, Noojan" uniqKey="Kazemi N" first="Noojan" last="Kazemi">Noojan Kazemi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Crew, Laura K" sort="Crew, Laura K" uniqKey="Crew L" first="Laura K." last="Crew">Laura K. Crew</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tredway, Trent L" sort="Tredway, Trent L" uniqKey="Tredway T" first="Trent L." last="Tredway">Trent L. Tredway</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno>
<idno type="pmid">23653885</idno>
<idno type="pmc">3642747</idno>
<idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3642747</idno>
<idno type="RBID">PMC:3642747</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.4103/2152-7806.109186</idno>
<date when="2013">2013</date>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000E16</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000E16</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000F63</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Merge">002674</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Curation">002674</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Ncbi/Checkpoint">002674</idno>
<idno type="wicri:doubleKey">2229-5097:2013:Kazemi N:the:future:of</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Merge">001795</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Curation">001782</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/Main/Exploration">001782</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">The future of spine surgery: New horizons in the treatment of spinal disorders</title>
<author><name sortKey="Kazemi, Noojan" sort="Kazemi, Noojan" uniqKey="Kazemi N" first="Noojan" last="Kazemi">Noojan Kazemi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Crew, Laura K" sort="Crew, Laura K" uniqKey="Crew L" first="Laura K." last="Crew">Laura K. Crew</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tredway, Trent L" sort="Tredway, Trent L" uniqKey="Tredway T" first="Trent L." last="Tredway">Trent L. Tredway</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:aff id="aff1">Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Washington (État)</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Surgical Neurology International</title>
<idno type="ISSN">2229-5097</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">2152-7806</idno>
<imprint><date when="2013">2013</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec id="st1"><title>Background and Methods:</title>
<p>As with any evolving surgical discipline, it is difficult to predict the future of the practice and science of spine surgery. In the last decade, there have been dramatic developments in both the techniques as well as the tools employed in the delivery of better outcomes to patients undergoing such surgery. In this article, we explore four specific areas in spine surgery: namely the role of minimally invasive spine surgery; motion preservation; robotic-aided surgery and neuro-navigation; and the use of biological substances to reduce the number of traditional and revision spine surgeries.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="st2"><title>Results:</title>
<p>Minimally invasive spine surgery has flourished in the last decade with an increasing amount of surgeries being performed for a wide variety of degenerative, traumatic, and neoplastic processes. Particular progress in the development of a direct lateral approach as well as improvement of tubular retractors has been achieved. Improvements in motion preservation techniques have led to a significant number of patients achieving arthroplasty where fusion was the only option previously. Important caveats to the indications for arthroplasty are discussed. Both robotics and neuro-navigation have become further refined as tools to assist in spine surgery and have been demonstrated to increase accuracy in spinal instrumentation placement. There has much debate and refinement in the use of biologically active agents to aid and augment function in spine surgery. Biological agents targeted to the intervertebral disc space could increase function and halt degeneration in this anatomical region.</p>
</sec>
<sec id="st3"><title>Conclusions:</title>
<p>Great improvements have been achieved in developing better techniques and tools in spine surgery. It is envisaged that progress in the four focus areas discussed will lead to better outcomes and reduced burdens on the future of both our patients and the health care system.</p>
</sec>
</div>
</front>
<back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="An, Hs" uniqKey="An H">HS An</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Takegami, K" uniqKey="Takegami K">K Takegami</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kamada, H" uniqKey="Kamada H">H Kamada</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nguyen, Cm" uniqKey="Nguyen C">CM Nguyen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thonar, Ej" uniqKey="Thonar E">EJ Thonar</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Singh, K" uniqKey="Singh K">K Singh</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Artibani, W" uniqKey="Artibani W">W Artibani</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fracalanza, S" uniqKey="Fracalanza S">S Fracalanza</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cavalleri, S" uniqKey="Cavalleri S">S Cavalleri</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Iafrate, M" uniqKey="Iafrate M">M Iafrate</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Aragona, M" uniqKey="Aragona M">M Aragona</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Novara, G" uniqKey="Novara G">G Novara</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Barzilay, Y" uniqKey="Barzilay Y">Y Barzilay</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Liebergall, M" uniqKey="Liebergall M">M Liebergall</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fridlander, A" uniqKey="Fridlander A">A Fridlander</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Knoller, N" uniqKey="Knoller N">N Knoller</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Blumenthal, S" uniqKey="Blumenthal S">S Blumenthal</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcafee, Pc" uniqKey="Mcafee P">PC McAfee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Guyer, Rd" uniqKey="Guyer R">RD Guyer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hochschuler, Sh" uniqKey="Hochschuler S">SH Hochschuler</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Geisler, Fh" uniqKey="Geisler F">FH Geisler</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Holt, Rt" uniqKey="Holt R">RT Holt</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Blumenthal, Sl" uniqKey="Blumenthal S">SL Blumenthal</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ohnmeiss, Dd" uniqKey="Ohnmeiss D">DD Ohnmeiss</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Guyer, Rd" uniqKey="Guyer R">RD Guyer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hochschuler, Sh" uniqKey="Hochschuler S">SH Hochschuler</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Boden, Sd" uniqKey="Boden S">SD Boden</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Brown, A" uniqKey="Brown A">A Brown</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stock, G" uniqKey="Stock G">G Stock</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Patel, Aa" uniqKey="Patel A">AA Patel</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Okafor, C" uniqKey="Okafor C">C Okafor</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vaccaro, A" uniqKey="Vaccaro A">A Vaccaro</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Caspi, I" uniqKey="Caspi I">I Caspi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Levinkopf, M" uniqKey="Levinkopf M">M Levinkopf</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Nerubay, J" uniqKey="Nerubay J">J Nerubay</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cinotti, G" uniqKey="Cinotti G">G Cinotti</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="David, T" uniqKey="David T">T David</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Postacchini, F" uniqKey="Postacchini F">F Postacchini</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Delamarter, Rb" uniqKey="Delamarter R">RB Delamarter</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bae, Hw" uniqKey="Bae H">HW Bae</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pradhan, Bb" uniqKey="Pradhan B">BB Pradhan</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Delawi, D" uniqKey="Delawi D">D Delawi</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dhert, Wj" uniqKey="Dhert W">WJ Dhert</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rillardon, L" uniqKey="Rillardon L">L Rillardon</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gay, E" uniqKey="Gay E">E Gay</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Prestamburgo, D" uniqKey="Prestamburgo D">D Prestamburgo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Garcia Fernandez, C" uniqKey="Garcia Fernandez C">C Garcia-Fernandez</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Devito, Dp" uniqKey="Devito D">DP Devito</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kaplan, L" uniqKey="Kaplan L">L Kaplan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dietl, R" uniqKey="Dietl R">R Dietl</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pfeiffer, M" uniqKey="Pfeiffer M">M Pfeiffer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Horne, D" uniqKey="Horne D">D Horne</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Silberstein, B" uniqKey="Silberstein B">B Silberstein</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gaetani, P" uniqKey="Gaetani P">P Gaetani</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tancioni, F" uniqKey="Tancioni F">F Tancioni</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Spanu, G" uniqKey="Spanu G">G Spanu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rodriguez Y Baena, R" uniqKey="Rodriguez Y Baena R">R Rodriguez y Baena</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Geisler, Fh" uniqKey="Geisler F">FH Geisler</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Blumenthal, Sl" uniqKey="Blumenthal S">SL Blumenthal</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Guyer, Rd" uniqKey="Guyer R">RD Guyer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcafee, Pc" uniqKey="Mcafee P">PC McAfee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Regan, Jj" uniqKey="Regan J">JJ Regan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Johnson, Jp" uniqKey="Johnson J">JP Johnson</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Geisler, Fh" uniqKey="Geisler F">FH Geisler</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gruber, He" uniqKey="Gruber H">HE Gruber</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hanley, En" uniqKey="Hanley E">EN Hanley</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Guiot, Bh" uniqKey="Guiot B">BH Guiot</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Khoo, Lt" uniqKey="Khoo L">LT Khoo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fessler, Rg" uniqKey="Fessler R">RG Fessler</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Guyer, Rd" uniqKey="Guyer R">RD Guyer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcafee, Pc" uniqKey="Mcafee P">PC McAfee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Banco, Rj" uniqKey="Banco R">RJ Banco</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bitan, Fd" uniqKey="Bitan F">FD Bitan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cappuccino, A" uniqKey="Cappuccino A">A Cappuccino</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Geisler, Fh" uniqKey="Geisler F">FH Geisler</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Guyer, Rd" uniqKey="Guyer R">RD Guyer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcafee, Pc" uniqKey="Mcafee P">PC McAfee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hochschuler, Sh" uniqKey="Hochschuler S">SH Hochschuler</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Blumenthal, Sl" uniqKey="Blumenthal S">SL Blumenthal</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fedder, Il" uniqKey="Fedder I">IL Fedder</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ohnmeiss, Dd" uniqKey="Ohnmeiss D">DD Ohnmeiss</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Helm, Ga" uniqKey="Helm G">GA Helm</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Alden, Td" uniqKey="Alden T">TD Alden</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sheehan, Jp" uniqKey="Sheehan J">JP Sheehan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kallmes, D" uniqKey="Kallmes D">D Kallmes</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hochschuler, Sh" uniqKey="Hochschuler S">SH Hochschuler</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ohnmeiss, Dd" uniqKey="Ohnmeiss D">DD Ohnmeiss</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Guyer, Rd" uniqKey="Guyer R">RD Guyer</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Blumenthal, Sl" uniqKey="Blumenthal S">SL Blumenthal</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Holly, Lt" uniqKey="Holly L">LT Holly</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Foley, Kt" uniqKey="Foley K">KT Foley</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hopf, C" uniqKey="Hopf C">C Hopf</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Heeckt, H" uniqKey="Heeckt H">H Heeckt</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Beske, C" uniqKey="Beske C">C Beske</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Hsieh, Pc" uniqKey="Hsieh P">PC Hsieh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Koski, Tr" uniqKey="Koski T">TR Koski</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sciubba, Dm" uniqKey="Sciubba D">DM Sciubba</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Moller, Dj" uniqKey="Moller D">DJ Moller</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="O Haughnessy, Ba" uniqKey="O Haughnessy B">BA O’Shaughnessy</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Kw" uniqKey="Li K">KW Li</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Isaacs, Re" uniqKey="Isaacs R">RE Isaacs</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hyde, J" uniqKey="Hyde J">J Hyde</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Goodrich, Ja" uniqKey="Goodrich J">JA Goodrich</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rodgers, Wb" uniqKey="Rodgers W">WB Rodgers</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Phillips, Fm" uniqKey="Phillips F">FM Phillips</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kantelhardt, Sr" uniqKey="Kantelhardt S">SR Kantelhardt</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Martinez, R" uniqKey="Martinez R">R Martinez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Baerwinkel, S" uniqKey="Baerwinkel S">S Baerwinkel</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Burger, R" uniqKey="Burger R">R Burger</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Giese, A" uniqKey="Giese A">A Giese</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rohde, V" uniqKey="Rohde V">V Rohde</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Karikari, Io" uniqKey="Karikari I">IO Karikari</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Isaacs, Re" uniqKey="Isaacs R">RE Isaacs</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kim, Mj" uniqKey="Kim M">MJ Kim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ha, Y" uniqKey="Ha Y">Y Ha</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yang, Ms" uniqKey="Yang M">MS Yang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yoon Do, H" uniqKey="Yoon Do H">H Yoon do</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, Kn" uniqKey="Kim K">KN Kim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, H" uniqKey="Kim H">H Kim</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Leach, J" uniqKey="Leach J">J Leach</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bittar, Rg" uniqKey="Bittar R">RG Bittar</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Leckie, Ae" uniqKey="Leckie A">AE Leckie</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Akens, Mk" uniqKey="Akens M">MK Akens</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Woodhouse, Ka" uniqKey="Woodhouse K">KA Woodhouse</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yee, Aj" uniqKey="Yee A">AJ Yee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Whyne, Cm" uniqKey="Whyne C">CM Whyne</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lee, Jy" uniqKey="Lee J">JY Lee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lega, B" uniqKey="Lega B">B Lega</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bhowmick, D" uniqKey="Bhowmick D">D Bhowmick</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Newman, Jg" uniqKey="Newman J">JG Newman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="O Alley, Bw" uniqKey="O Alley B">BW O’Malley</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Weinstein, Gs" uniqKey="Weinstein G">GS Weinstein</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lemaire, Jp" uniqKey="Lemaire J">JP Lemaire</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Carrier, H" uniqKey="Carrier H">H Carrier</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sariali, El H" uniqKey="Sariali E">el-H Sariali</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Skalli, W" uniqKey="Skalli W">W Skalli</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lavaste, F" uniqKey="Lavaste F">F Lavaste</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Leung, Vy" uniqKey="Leung V">VY Leung</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Tam, V" uniqKey="Tam V">V Tam</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chan, D" uniqKey="Chan D">D Chan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chan, Bp" uniqKey="Chan B">BP Chan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cheung, Km" uniqKey="Cheung K">KM Cheung</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lieberman, Ih" uniqKey="Lieberman I">IH Lieberman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Togawa, D" uniqKey="Togawa D">D Togawa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kayanja, Mm" uniqKey="Kayanja M">MM Kayanja</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Reinhardt, Mk" uniqKey="Reinhardt M">MK Reinhardt</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Friedlander, A" uniqKey="Friedlander A">A Friedlander</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Knoller, N" uniqKey="Knoller N">N Knoller</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Lowe, Tg" uniqKey="Lowe T">TG Lowe</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Coe, Jd" uniqKey="Coe J">JD Coe</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Matern, U" uniqKey="Matern U">U Matern</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Koneczny, S" uniqKey="Koneczny S">S Koneczny</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mcafee, Pc" uniqKey="Mcafee P">PC McAfee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cunningham, B" uniqKey="Cunningham B">B Cunningham</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Holsapple, G" uniqKey="Holsapple G">G Holsapple</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Adams, K" uniqKey="Adams K">K Adams</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Blumenthal, S" uniqKey="Blumenthal S">S Blumenthal</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Guyer, Rd" uniqKey="Guyer R">RD Guyer</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mcafee, Pc" uniqKey="Mcafee P">PC McAfee</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fedder, Il" uniqKey="Fedder I">IL Fedder</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Saiedy, S" uniqKey="Saiedy S">S Saiedy</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shucosky, Em" uniqKey="Shucosky E">EM Shucosky</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cunningham, Bw" uniqKey="Cunningham B">BW Cunningham</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mirbod, Sm" uniqKey="Mirbod S">SM Mirbod</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yoshida, H" uniqKey="Yoshida H">H Yoshida</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Miyamoto, K" uniqKey="Miyamoto K">K Miyamoto</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Miyashita, K" uniqKey="Miyashita K">K Miyashita</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Inaba, R" uniqKey="Inaba R">R Inaba</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Iwata, H" uniqKey="Iwata H">H Iwata</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Moskowitz, Rm" uniqKey="Moskowitz R">RM Moskowitz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Young, Jl" uniqKey="Young J">JL Young</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Box, Gn" uniqKey="Box G">GN Box</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pare, Ls" uniqKey="Pare L">LS Paré</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Clayman, Rv" uniqKey="Clayman R">RV Clayman</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="O Oole, Je" uniqKey="O Oole J">JE O’Toole</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Eichholz, Km" uniqKey="Eichholz K">KM Eichholz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fessler, Rg" uniqKey="Fessler R">RG Fessler</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ogden, At" uniqKey="Ogden A">AT Ogden</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fessler, Rg" uniqKey="Fessler R">RG Fessler</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Oskouian, Rj" uniqKey="Oskouian R">RJ Oskouian</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Whitehill, R" uniqKey="Whitehill R">R Whitehill</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Samii, A" uniqKey="Samii A">A Samii</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shaffrey, Me" uniqKey="Shaffrey M">ME Shaffrey</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Johnson, Jp" uniqKey="Johnson J">JP Johnson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shaffrey, Ci" uniqKey="Shaffrey C">CI Shaffrey</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ozgur, Bm" uniqKey="Ozgur B">BM Ozgur</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Aryan, He" uniqKey="Aryan H">HE Aryan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pimenta, L" uniqKey="Pimenta L">L Pimenta</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Taylor, Wr" uniqKey="Taylor W">WR Taylor</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ozgur, Bm" uniqKey="Ozgur B">BM Ozgur</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yoo, K" uniqKey="Yoo K">K Yoo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rodriguez, G" uniqKey="Rodriguez G">G Rodriguez</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Taylor, Wr" uniqKey="Taylor W">WR Taylor</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pechlivanis, I" uniqKey="Pechlivanis I">I Pechlivanis</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kiriyanthan, G" uniqKey="Kiriyanthan G">G Kiriyanthan</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Engelhardt, M" uniqKey="Engelhardt M">M Engelhardt</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Scholz, M" uniqKey="Scholz M">M Scholz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lucke, S" uniqKey="Lucke S">S Lücke</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Harders, A" uniqKey="Harders A">A Harders</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Perez Cruet, Mj" uniqKey="Perez Cruet M">MJ Perez-Cruet</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Foley, Kt" uniqKey="Foley K">KT Foley</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Isaacs, Re" uniqKey="Isaacs R">RE Isaacs</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rice Wyllie, L" uniqKey="Rice Wyllie L">L Rice-Wyllie</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wellington, R" uniqKey="Wellington R">R Wellington</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Smith, Mm" uniqKey="Smith M">MM Smith</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Pimenta, L" uniqKey="Pimenta L">L Pimenta</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Oliveira, L" uniqKey="Oliveira L">L Oliveira</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schaffa, T" uniqKey="Schaffa T">T Schaffa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Coutinho, E" uniqKey="Coutinho E">E Coutinho</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marchi, L" uniqKey="Marchi L">L Marchi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ponnusamy, K" uniqKey="Ponnusamy K">K Ponnusamy</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Chewning, S" uniqKey="Chewning S">S Chewning</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mohr, C" uniqKey="Mohr C">C Mohr</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Rihn, Ja" uniqKey="Rihn J">JA Rihn</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gates, C" uniqKey="Gates C">C Gates</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Glassman, Sd" uniqKey="Glassman S">SD Glassman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Phillips, Fm" uniqKey="Phillips F">FM Phillips</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Schwender, Jd" uniqKey="Schwender J">JD Schwender</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Albert, Tj" uniqKey="Albert T">TJ Albert</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Robbins, Mm" uniqKey="Robbins M">MM Robbins</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vaccaro, Ar" uniqKey="Vaccaro A">AR Vaccaro</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Madigan, L" uniqKey="Madigan L">L Madigan</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ruurda, Jp" uniqKey="Ruurda J">JP Ruurda</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hanlo, Pw" uniqKey="Hanlo P">PW Hanlo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hennipman, A" uniqKey="Hennipman A">A Hennipman</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Broeders, Ia" uniqKey="Broeders I">IA Broeders</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sandhu, Fa" uniqKey="Sandhu F">FA Sandhu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Santiago, P" uniqKey="Santiago P">P Santiago</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fessler, Rg" uniqKey="Fessler R">RG Fessler</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Palmer, S" uniqKey="Palmer S">S Palmer</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Sekhon, Lh" uniqKey="Sekhon L">LH Sekhon</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Duggal, N" uniqKey="Duggal N">N Duggal</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lynch, Jj" uniqKey="Lynch J">JJ Lynch</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Haid, Rw" uniqKey="Haid R">RW Haid</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Heller, Jg" uniqKey="Heller J">JG Heller</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Riew, Kd" uniqKey="Riew K">KD Riew</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tafazal, Si" uniqKey="Tafazal S">SI Tafazal</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sell, Pj" uniqKey="Sell P">PJ Sell</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Togawa, D" uniqKey="Togawa D">D Togawa</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kayanja, Mm" uniqKey="Kayanja M">MM Kayanja</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Reinhardt, Mk" uniqKey="Reinhardt M">MK Reinhardt</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Shoham, M" uniqKey="Shoham M">M Shoham</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Balter, A" uniqKey="Balter A">A Balter</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Friedlander, A" uniqKey="Friedlander A">A Friedlander</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tormenti, Mj" uniqKey="Tormenti M">MJ Tormenti</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Maserati, Mb" uniqKey="Maserati M">MB Maserati</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bonfield, Cm" uniqKey="Bonfield C">CM Bonfield</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Okonkwo, Do" uniqKey="Okonkwo D">DO Okonkwo</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kanter, As" uniqKey="Kanter A">AS Kanter</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tow, Bp" uniqKey="Tow B">BP Tow</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hsu, Wk" uniqKey="Hsu W">WK Hsu</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, Jc" uniqKey="Wang J">JC Wang</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tredway, Tl" uniqKey="Tredway T">TL Tredway</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Musleh, W" uniqKey="Musleh W">W Musleh</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Christie, Sd" uniqKey="Christie S">SD Christie</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Khavkin, Y" uniqKey="Khavkin Y">Y Khavkin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fessler, Rg" uniqKey="Fessler R">RG Fessler</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Curry, Dj" uniqKey="Curry D">DJ Curry</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Tredway, Tl" uniqKey="Tredway T">TL Tredway</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Santiago, P" uniqKey="Santiago P">P Santiago</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hrubes, Mr" uniqKey="Hrubes M">MR Hrubes</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Song, Jk" uniqKey="Song J">JK Song</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Christie, Sd" uniqKey="Christie S">SD Christie</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fessler, Rg" uniqKey="Fessler R">RG Fessler</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ughwanogho, E" uniqKey="Ughwanogho E">E Ughwanogho</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Patel, Nm" uniqKey="Patel N">NM Patel</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Baldwin, Kd" uniqKey="Baldwin K">KD Baldwin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sampson, Nr" uniqKey="Sampson N">NR Sampson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Flynn, Jm" uniqKey="Flynn J">JM Flynn</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vaccaro, Ar" uniqKey="Vaccaro A">AR Vaccaro</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Anderson, Dg" uniqKey="Anderson D">DG Anderson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Patel, T" uniqKey="Patel T">T Patel</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fischgrund, J" uniqKey="Fischgrund J">J Fischgrund</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Truumees, E" uniqKey="Truumees E">E Truumees</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Herkowitz, Hn" uniqKey="Herkowitz H">HN Herkowitz</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vaccaro, Ar" uniqKey="Vaccaro A">AR Vaccaro</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lawrence, Jp" uniqKey="Lawrence J">JP Lawrence</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Patel, T" uniqKey="Patel T">T Patel</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Katz, Ld" uniqKey="Katz L">LD Katz</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Anderson, Dg" uniqKey="Anderson D">DG Anderson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fischgrund, Js" uniqKey="Fischgrund J">JS Fischgrund</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vaccaro, Ar" uniqKey="Vaccaro A">AR Vaccaro</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Patel, T" uniqKey="Patel T">T Patel</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fischgrund, J" uniqKey="Fischgrund J">J Fischgrund</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Anderson, Dg" uniqKey="Anderson D">DG Anderson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Truumees, E" uniqKey="Truumees E">E Truumees</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Herkowitz, Hn" uniqKey="Herkowitz H">HN Herkowitz</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Vaccaro, Ar" uniqKey="Vaccaro A">AR Vaccaro</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Patel, T" uniqKey="Patel T">T Patel</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Fischgrund, J" uniqKey="Fischgrund J">J Fischgrund</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Anderson, Dg" uniqKey="Anderson D">DG Anderson</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Truumees, E" uniqKey="Truumees E">E Truumees</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Herkowitz, H" uniqKey="Herkowitz H">H Herkowitz</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wang, Jc" uniqKey="Wang J">JC Wang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Mcdonough, Pw" uniqKey="Mcdonough P">PW McDonough</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kanim, Le" uniqKey="Kanim L">LE Kanim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Endow, Kk" uniqKey="Endow K">KK Endow</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Delamarter, Rb" uniqKey="Delamarter R">RB Delamarter</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yang, Ms" uniqKey="Yang M">MS Yang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, Kn" uniqKey="Kim K">KN Kim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yoon Do, H" uniqKey="Yoon Do H">H Yoon do</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Pennant, W" uniqKey="Pennant W">W Pennant</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ha, Y" uniqKey="Ha Y">Y Ha</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yang, Ms" uniqKey="Yang M">MS Yang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yoon Do, H" uniqKey="Yoon Do H">H Yoon do</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, Kn" uniqKey="Kim K">KN Kim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kim, H" uniqKey="Kim H">H Kim</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yang, Jw" uniqKey="Yang J">JW Yang</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yi, S" uniqKey="Yi S">S Yi</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zeegers, Ws" uniqKey="Zeegers W">WS Zeegers</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bohnen, Lm" uniqKey="Bohnen L">LM Bohnen</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Laaper, M" uniqKey="Laaper M">M Laaper</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Verhaegen, Mj" uniqKey="Verhaegen M">MJ Verhaegen</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zigler, Je" uniqKey="Zigler J">JE Zigler</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Burd, Ta" uniqKey="Burd T">TA Burd</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Vialle, En" uniqKey="Vialle E">EN Vialle</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Sachs, Bl" uniqKey="Sachs B">BL Sachs</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rashbaum, Rf" uniqKey="Rashbaum R">RF Rashbaum</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ohnmeiss, Dd" uniqKey="Ohnmeiss D">DD Ohnmeiss</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Zigler, Je" uniqKey="Zigler J">JE Zigler</name>
</author>
</analytic>
</biblStruct>
</listBibl>
</div1>
</back>
</TEI>
<affiliations><list><country><li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
<region><li>Washington (État)</li>
</region>
</list>
<tree><country name="États-Unis"><region name="Washington (État)"><name sortKey="Kazemi, Noojan" sort="Kazemi, Noojan" uniqKey="Kazemi N" first="Noojan" last="Kazemi">Noojan Kazemi</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Crew, Laura K" sort="Crew, Laura K" uniqKey="Crew L" first="Laura K." last="Crew">Laura K. Crew</name>
<name sortKey="Tredway, Trent L" sort="Tredway, Trent L" uniqKey="Tredway T" first="Trent L." last="Tredway">Trent L. Tredway</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Ticri/CIDE/explor/HapticV1/Data/Main/Exploration
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 001782 | SxmlIndent | more
Ou
HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd -nk 001782 | SxmlIndent | more
Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri
{{Explor lien |wiki= Ticri/CIDE |area= HapticV1 |flux= Main |étape= Exploration |type= RBID |clé= PMC:3642747 |texte= The future of spine surgery: New horizons in the treatment of spinal disorders }}
Pour générer des pages wiki
HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/RBID.i -Sk "pubmed:23653885" \ | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/Main/Exploration/biblio.hfd \ | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a HapticV1
![]() | This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.23. | ![]() |