Analysis of human postural responses to recoverable falls
Identifieur interne : 007039 ( Main/Curation ); précédent : 007038; suivant : 007040Analysis of human postural responses to recoverable falls
Auteurs : S. B. Bortolami [États-Unis] ; P. Dizio [États-Unis] ; E. Rabin [États-Unis] ; J. R. Lackner [États-Unis]Source :
- Experimental brain research [ 0014-4819 ] ; 2003.
Descripteurs français
- Pascal (Inist)
- Wicri :
- topic : Homme.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
- Accidental Falls (statistics & numerical data), Adult, Body segment, Center of mass, Electromyography (methods), Female, Force, Gravity, Haptic perception, Human, Humans, Joint, Kinematics, Lower limb, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Biological, Motor control, Oscillation, Perturbation, Postural Balance (physiology), Posture, Posture (physiology), Stiffness.
- MESH :
- methods : Electromyography.
- physiology : Postural Balance, Posture.
- statistics & numerical data : Accidental Falls.
- Adult, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Models, Biological.
Abstract
We studied the kinematics and kinetics of human postural responses to "recoverable falls." To induce brief falling we used a Hold and Release (H&R) paradigm. Standing subjects actively resisted a force applied to their sternum. When this force was quickly released they were suddenly off balance. For a brief period, 125 ms, until restoring forces were generated to shift the center of foot pressure in front of the center of mass, the body was in a forward fall acted on by gravity and ground support forces. We were able to describe the whole-body postural behavior following release using a multilink inverted pendulum model in a regime of "small oscillations." A three-segment model incorporating upper body, upper leg, and lower leg, with active stiffness and damping at the joints was fully adequate to fit the kinematic data from all conditions. The significance of our findings is that in situations involving recoverable falls or loss of balance the earliest responses are likely dependent on actively-tuned, reflexive mechanisms yielding stiffness and damping modulation of the joints. We demonstrate that haptic cues from index fingertip contact with a stationary surface lead to a significantly smaller angular displacement of the torso and a more rapid recovery of balance. Our H&R paradigm and associated model provide a quantifiable approach to studying recovery from potential falling in normal and clinical subjects.
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Pascal:04-0159388Le document en format XML
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">We studied the kinematics and kinetics of human postural responses to "recoverable falls." To induce brief falling we used a Hold and Release (H&R) paradigm. Standing subjects actively resisted a force applied to their sternum. When this force was quickly released they were suddenly off balance. For a brief period, 125 ms, until restoring forces were generated to shift the center of foot pressure in front of the center of mass, the body was in a forward fall acted on by gravity and ground support forces. We were able to describe the whole-body postural behavior following release using a multilink inverted pendulum model in a regime of "small oscillations." A three-segment model incorporating upper body, upper leg, and lower leg, with active stiffness and damping at the joints was fully adequate to fit the kinematic data from all conditions. The significance of our findings is that in situations involving recoverable falls or loss of balance the earliest responses are likely dependent on actively-tuned, reflexive mechanisms yielding stiffness and damping modulation of the joints. We demonstrate that haptic cues from index fingertip contact with a stationary surface lead to a significantly smaller angular displacement of the torso and a more rapid recovery of balance. Our H&R paradigm and associated model provide a quantifiable approach to studying recovery from potential falling in normal and clinical subjects.</div>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">We studied the kinematics and kinetics of human postural responses to "recoverable falls." To induce brief falling we used a Hold and Release (H&R) paradigm. Standing subjects actively resisted a force applied to their sternum. When this force was quickly released they were suddenly off balance. For a brief period, 125 ms, until restoring forces were generated to shift the center of foot pressure in front of the center of mass, the body was in a forward fall acted on by gravity and ground support forces. We were able to describe the whole-body postural behavior following release using a multilink inverted pendulum model in a regime of "small oscillations." A three-segment model incorporating upper body, upper leg, and lower leg, with active stiffness and damping at the joints was fully adequate to fit the kinematic data from all conditions. The significance of our findings is that in situations involving recoverable falls or loss of balance the earliest responses are likely dependent on actively-tuned, reflexive mechanisms yielding stiffness and damping modulation of the joints. We demonstrate that haptic cues from index fingertip contact with a stationary surface lead to a significantly smaller angular displacement of the torso and a more rapid recovery of balance. Our H&R paradigm and associated model provide a quantifiable approach to studying recovery from potential falling in normal and clinical subjects.</div>
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<idno type="doi">10.1007/s00221-003-1481-x</idno>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Analysis of human postural responses to recoverable falls.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Bortolami, S B" sort="Bortolami, S B" uniqKey="Bortolami S" first="S B" last="Bortolami">S B Bortolami</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Ashton Graybiel Spatial Orientation Laboratory, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 2454-9110, USA. simborto@brandeis.edu</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Ashton Graybiel Spatial Orientation Laboratory, Brandeis University, Waltham, MA 2454-9110</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Massachusetts</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Dizio, P" sort="Dizio, P" uniqKey="Dizio P" first="P" last="Dizio">P. Dizio</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rabin, E" sort="Rabin, E" uniqKey="Rabin E" first="E" last="Rabin">E. Rabin</name>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lackner, J R" sort="Lackner, J R" uniqKey="Lackner J" first="J R" last="Lackner">J R Lackner</name>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Experimental brain research</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0014-4819</idno>
<imprint><date when="2003" type="published">2003</date>
</imprint>
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<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Accidental Falls (statistics & numerical data)</term>
<term>Adult</term>
<term>Electromyography (methods)</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Male</term>
<term>Middle Aged</term>
<term>Models, Biological</term>
<term>Postural Balance (physiology)</term>
<term>Posture (physiology)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="methods" xml:lang="en"><term>Electromyography</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Postural Balance</term>
<term>Posture</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="statistics & numerical data" xml:lang="en"><term>Accidental Falls</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Adult</term>
<term>Female</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Male</term>
<term>Middle Aged</term>
<term>Models, Biological</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">We studied the kinematics and kinetics of human postural responses to "recoverable falls." To induce brief falling we used a Hold and Release (H&R) paradigm. Standing subjects actively resisted a force applied to their sternum. When this force was quickly released they were suddenly off balance. For a brief period, approximately 125 ms, until restoring forces were generated to shift the center of foot pressure in front of the center of mass, the body was in a forward fall acted on by gravity and ground support forces. We were able to describe the whole-body postural behavior following release using a multilink inverted pendulum model in a regime of "small oscillations." A three-segment model incorporating upper body, upper leg, and lower leg, with active stiffness and damping at the joints was fully adequate to fit the kinematic data from all conditions. The significance of our findings is that in situations involving recoverable falls or loss of balance the earliest responses are likely dependent on actively-tuned, reflexive mechanisms yielding stiffness and damping modulation of the joints. We demonstrate that haptic cues from index fingertip contact with a stationary surface lead to a significantly smaller angular displacement of the torso and a more rapid recovery of balance. Our H&R paradigm and associated model provide a quantifiable approach to studying recovery from potential falling in normal and clinical subjects.</div>
</front>
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