Posterior capsular opacification in diabetic and nondiabetic canine patients following cataract surgery
Identifieur interne : 001B78 ( Istex/Corpus ); précédent : 001B77; suivant : 001B79Posterior capsular opacification in diabetic and nondiabetic canine patients following cataract surgery
Auteurs : I. Dineli Bras ; Carmen M. H. Colitz ; William J. A. Saville ; Anne J. Gemensky Etzler ; David A. WilkieSource :
- Veterinary Ophthalmology [ 1463-5216 ] ; 2006-09.
English descriptors
- KwdEn :
Abstract
Posterior capsular opacification (PCO) is the most common postoperative complication of contemporary cataract surgery. Limited information is available regarding PCO formation and factors that influence PCO development in the dog. Two hundred sixty‐five eyes (144 from diabetic dogs and 121 from dogs with breed‐related cataracts) were prospectively evaluated for PCO formation for up to 12 months postoperatively. The mean age of all dogs in the study was 7.77 years and diabetic dogs were significantly older than dogs with breed‐related cataracts. There were 73 males (61 neutered, 12 intact) and 74 females (70 neutered, 4 intact) in the study. Statistical analysis was performed based on age, breed/size, gender, stage of cataract at the time of surgery, PCO score at each time point, breed‐related vs. diabetic cataract, right eyes compared to left eyes, and presence/absence of uveitis. Age and gender did not significantly influence PCO formation. Small and medium‐sized breeds developed significantly more PCO in comparison to the large/giant breeds at 2 weeks and 2–4 months postoperatively, but the differences were not significant at later time points. There was an overall significant increase in PCO formation in eyes with early immature cataracts when compared to other stages of cataract up to 4 months postoperatively but not at later time points. There were no statistical differences in PCO score at 6 months or at 1 year postoperatively in eyes with breed‐related and diabetic cataracts. Right eyes did not differ from left eyes in PCO score. PCO score significantly increased over time in breed‐related and diabetic groups and in the overall population. No difference was found in the degree of PCO formation in eyes with inflammation prior to or after surgery compared with those without inflammation. In summary, age, gender, presence of inflammation, and cause of cataract (breed‐related vs. diabetes mellitus) do not influence the development of PCO in canine cataract dogs. Small and medium‐sized breeds develop significant PCO earlier than larger breeds. It is important to note that all eyes from all dogs in this study developed PCO in a time dependent manner.
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DOI: 10.1111/j.1463-5224.2006.00458.x
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Saville</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gemensky Etzler, Anne J" sort="Gemensky Etzler, Anne J" uniqKey="Gemensky Etzler A" first="Anne J." last="Gemensky Etzler">Anne J. Gemensky Etzler</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Wilkie, David A" sort="Wilkie, David A" uniqKey="Wilkie D" first="David A." last="Wilkie">David A. 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Dineli Bras</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Colitz, Carmen M H" sort="Colitz, Carmen M H" uniqKey="Colitz C" first="Carmen M. H." last="Colitz">Carmen M. H. Colitz</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Saville, William J A" sort="Saville, William J A" uniqKey="Saville W" first="William J. A." last="Saville">William J. A. Saville</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Gemensky Etzler, Anne J" sort="Gemensky Etzler, Anne J" uniqKey="Gemensky Etzler A" first="Anne J." last="Gemensky Etzler">Anne J. 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Wilkie</name><affiliation><mods:affiliation>Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and</mods:affiliation></affiliation></author></analytic><monogr></monogr><series><title level="j">Veterinary Ophthalmology</title><idno type="ISSN">1463-5216</idno><idno type="eISSN">1463-5224</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Inc</publisher><pubPlace>Malden, USA</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2006-09">2006-09</date><biblScope unit="volume">9</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">5</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="317">317</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="327">327</biblScope></imprint><idno type="ISSN">1463-5216</idno></series><idno type="istex">A7C0B11119542748CB4024FF2972C85439EDEF8E</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1463-5224.2006.00458.x</idno><idno type="ArticleID">VOP458</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><idno type="ISSN">1463-5216</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>PCO</term><term>breed‐related</term><term>canine</term><term>cataract</term><term>diabetes mellitus</term><term>dog</term><term>lens</term></keywords></textClass><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Posterior capsular opacification (PCO) is the most common postoperative complication of contemporary cataract surgery. Limited information is available regarding PCO formation and factors that influence PCO development in the dog. Two hundred sixty‐five eyes (144 from diabetic dogs and 121 from dogs with breed‐related cataracts) were prospectively evaluated for PCO formation for up to 12 months postoperatively. The mean age of all dogs in the study was 7.77 years and diabetic dogs were significantly older than dogs with breed‐related cataracts. There were 73 males (61 neutered, 12 intact) and 74 females (70 neutered, 4 intact) in the study. Statistical analysis was performed based on age, breed/size, gender, stage of cataract at the time of surgery, PCO score at each time point, breed‐related vs. diabetic cataract, right eyes compared to left eyes, and presence/absence of uveitis. Age and gender did not significantly influence PCO formation. Small and medium‐sized breeds developed significantly more PCO in comparison to the large/giant breeds at 2 weeks and 2–4 months postoperatively, but the differences were not significant at later time points. There was an overall significant increase in PCO formation in eyes with early immature cataracts when compared to other stages of cataract up to 4 months postoperatively but not at later time points. There were no statistical differences in PCO score at 6 months or at 1 year postoperatively in eyes with breed‐related and diabetic cataracts. Right eyes did not differ from left eyes in PCO score. PCO score significantly increased over time in breed‐related and diabetic groups and in the overall population. No difference was found in the degree of PCO formation in eyes with inflammation prior to or after surgery compared with those without inflammation. In summary, age, gender, presence of inflammation, and cause of cataract (breed‐related vs. diabetes mellitus) do not influence the development of PCO in canine cataract dogs. Small and medium‐sized breeds develop significant PCO earlier than larger breeds. It is important to note that all eyes from all dogs in this study developed PCO in a time dependent manner.</div></front></TEI><istex><corpusName>wiley</corpusName><author><json:item><name>I. Dineli Bras</name><affiliations><json:string>Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Carmen M. H. Colitz</name><affiliations><json:string>Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>William J. A. Saville</name><affiliations><json:string>Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA</json:string></affiliations></json:item><json:item><name>Anne J. 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Small and medium‐sized breeds developed significantly more PCO in comparison to the large/giant breeds at 2 weeks and 2–4 months postoperatively, but the differences were not significant at later time points. There was an overall significant increase in PCO formation in eyes with early immature cataracts when compared to other stages of cataract up to 4 months postoperatively but not at later time points. There were no statistical differences in PCO score at 6 months or at 1 year postoperatively in eyes with breed‐related and diabetic cataracts. Right eyes did not differ from left eyes in PCO score. PCO score significantly increased over time in breed‐related and diabetic groups and in the overall population. No difference was found in the degree of PCO formation in eyes with inflammation prior to or after surgery compared with those without inflammation. In summary, age, gender, presence of inflammation, and cause of cataract (breed‐related vs. diabetes mellitus) do not influence the development of PCO in canine cataract dogs. Small and medium‐sized breeds develop significant PCO earlier than larger breeds. 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Dineli</forename><surname>Bras</surname></persName><affiliation>Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Carmen M. H.</forename><surname>Colitz</surname></persName><affiliation>Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">William J. A.</forename><surname>Saville</surname></persName><affiliation>Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">Anne J.</forename><surname>Gemensky‐Metzler</surname></persName><affiliation>Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and</affiliation></author><author><persName><forename type="first">David A.</forename><surname>Wilkie</surname></persName><affiliation>Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and</affiliation></author></analytic><monogr><title level="j">Veterinary Ophthalmology</title><idno type="pISSN">1463-5216</idno><idno type="eISSN">1463-5224</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1463-5224</idno><imprint><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Inc</publisher><pubPlace>Malden, USA</pubPlace><date type="published" when="2006-09"></date><biblScope unit="volume">9</biblScope><biblScope unit="issue">5</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" from="317">317</biblScope><biblScope unit="page" to="327">327</biblScope></imprint></monogr><idno type="istex">A7C0B11119542748CB4024FF2972C85439EDEF8E</idno><idno type="DOI">10.1111/j.1463-5224.2006.00458.x</idno><idno type="ArticleID">VOP458</idno></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><creation><date>2006</date></creation><langUsage><language ident="en">en</language></langUsage><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Posterior capsular opacification (PCO) is the most common postoperative complication of contemporary cataract surgery. Limited information is available regarding PCO formation and factors that influence PCO development in the dog. Two hundred sixty‐five eyes (144 from diabetic dogs and 121 from dogs with breed‐related cataracts) were prospectively evaluated for PCO formation for up to 12 months postoperatively. The mean age of all dogs in the study was 7.77 years and diabetic dogs were significantly older than dogs with breed‐related cataracts. There were 73 males (61 neutered, 12 intact) and 74 females (70 neutered, 4 intact) in the study. Statistical analysis was performed based on age, breed/size, gender, stage of cataract at the time of surgery, PCO score at each time point, breed‐related vs. diabetic cataract, right eyes compared to left eyes, and presence/absence of uveitis. Age and gender did not significantly influence PCO formation. Small and medium‐sized breeds developed significantly more PCO in comparison to the large/giant breeds at 2 weeks and 2–4 months postoperatively, but the differences were not significant at later time points. There was an overall significant increase in PCO formation in eyes with early immature cataracts when compared to other stages of cataract up to 4 months postoperatively but not at later time points. There were no statistical differences in PCO score at 6 months or at 1 year postoperatively in eyes with breed‐related and diabetic cataracts. Right eyes did not differ from left eyes in PCO score. PCO score significantly increased over time in breed‐related and diabetic groups and in the overall population. No difference was found in the degree of PCO formation in eyes with inflammation prior to or after surgery compared with those without inflammation. In summary, age, gender, presence of inflammation, and cause of cataract (breed‐related vs. diabetes mellitus) do not influence the development of PCO in canine cataract dogs. Small and medium‐sized breeds develop significant PCO earlier than larger breeds. It is important to note that all eyes from all dogs in this study developed PCO in a time dependent manner.</p></abstract><textClass xml:lang="en"><keywords scheme="keyword"><list><head>keywords</head><item><term>breed‐related</term></item><item><term>canine</term></item><item><term>cataract</term></item><item><term>diabetes mellitus</term></item><item><term>dog</term></item><item><term>lens</term></item><item><term>PCO</term></item></list></keywords></textClass></profileDesc><revisionDesc><change when="2006-09">Published</change></revisionDesc></teiHeader></istex:fulltextTEI><json:item><original>false</original><mimetype>text/plain</mimetype><extension>txt</extension><uri>https://api.istex.fr/document/A7C0B11119542748CB4024FF2972C85439EDEF8E/fulltext/txt</uri></json:item></fulltext><metadata><istex:metadataXml wicri:clean="Wiley, elements deleted: body"><istex:xmlDeclaration>version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="yes"</istex:xmlDeclaration><istex:document><component version="2.0" type="serialArticle" xml:lang="en"><header><publicationMeta level="product"><publisherInfo><publisherName>Blackwell Publishing Inc</publisherName><publisherLoc>Malden, USA</publisherLoc></publisherInfo><doi origin="wiley" registered="yes">10.1111/(ISSN)1463-5224</doi><issn type="print">1463-5216</issn><issn type="electronic">1463-5224</issn><idGroup><id type="product" value="VOP"></id><id type="publisherDivision" value="ST"></id></idGroup><titleGroup><title type="main" sort="VETERINARY OPHTHALMOLOGY">Veterinary Ophthalmology</title></titleGroup></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="part" position="09005"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/vop.2006.9.issue-5</doi><numberingGroup><numbering type="journalVolume" number="9">9</numbering><numbering type="journalIssue" number="5">5</numbering></numberingGroup><coverDate startDate="2006-09">September 2006</coverDate></publicationMeta><publicationMeta level="unit" type="article" position="8" status="forIssue"><doi origin="wiley">10.1111/j.1463-5224.2006.00458.x</doi><idGroup><id type="unit" value="VOP458"></id></idGroup><countGroup><count type="pageTotal" number="11"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="tocHeading1">Clinical Articles</title></titleGroup><eventGroup><event type="firstOnline" date="2006-08-25"></event><event type="publishedOnlineFinalForm" date="2006-08-25"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:BPG_TO_WML3G version:2.3.2 mode:FullText source:FullText result:FullText" date="2010-03-04"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WILEY_ML3G_TO_WILEY_ML3GV2 version:3.8.8" date="2014-02-10"></event><event type="xmlConverted" agent="Converter:WML3G_To_WML3G version:4.1.7 mode:FullText,remove_FC" date="2014-11-04"></event></eventGroup><numberingGroup><numbering type="pageFirst" number="317">317</numbering><numbering type="pageLast" number="327">327</numbering></numberingGroup><correspondenceTo>Address communications to: Carmen M. H. Colitz Tel.: 614‐292‐3551 Fax: 614‐688‐8566 e‐mail: <email>colitz.1@ohu.edu</email></correspondenceTo><linkGroup><link type="toTypesetVersion" href="file:VOP.VOP458.pdf"></link></linkGroup></publicationMeta><contentMeta><countGroup><count type="figureTotal" number="11"></count><count type="tableTotal" number="7"></count><count type="formulaTotal" number="0"></count><count type="referenceTotal" number="62"></count><count type="wordTotal" number="5483"></count></countGroup><titleGroup><title type="main">Posterior capsular opacification in diabetic and nondiabetic canine patients following cataract surgery</title><title type="shortAuthors"><sc>bras <i>et al.</i></sc></title><title type="short"><sc>pco in canine patients after cataract surgery</sc></title></titleGroup><creators><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr1" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>I. Dineli</givenNames><familyName>Bras</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr2" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>Carmen M. H.</givenNames><familyName>Colitz</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr3" affiliationRef="#a2"><personName><givenNames>William J. A.</givenNames><familyName>Saville</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr4" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>Anne J.</givenNames><familyName>Gemensky‐Metzler</familyName></personName></creator><creator creatorRole="author" xml:id="cr5" affiliationRef="#a1"><personName><givenNames>David A.</givenNames><familyName>Wilkie</familyName></personName></creator></creators><affiliationGroup><affiliation xml:id="a1"><unparsedAffiliation>Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation><affiliation xml:id="a2" countryCode="US"><unparsedAffiliation>Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA</unparsedAffiliation></affiliation></affiliationGroup><keywordGroup xml:lang="en"><keyword xml:id="k1">breed‐related</keyword><keyword xml:id="k2">canine</keyword><keyword xml:id="k3">cataract</keyword><keyword xml:id="k4">diabetes mellitus</keyword><keyword xml:id="k5">dog</keyword><keyword xml:id="k6">lens</keyword><keyword xml:id="k7">PCO</keyword></keywordGroup><abstractGroup><abstract type="main" xml:lang="en"><title type="main">Abstract</title><p>Posterior capsular opacification (PCO) is the most common postoperative complication of contemporary cataract surgery. Limited information is available regarding PCO formation and factors that influence PCO development in the dog. Two hundred sixty‐five eyes (144 from diabetic dogs and 121 from dogs with breed‐related cataracts) were prospectively evaluated for PCO formation for up to 12 months postoperatively. The mean age of all dogs in the study was 7.77 years and diabetic dogs were significantly older than dogs with breed‐related cataracts. There were 73 males (61 neutered, 12 intact) and 74 females (70 neutered, 4 intact) in the study. Statistical analysis was performed based on age, breed/size, gender, stage of cataract at the time of surgery, PCO score at each time point, breed‐related vs. diabetic cataract, right eyes compared to left eyes, and presence/absence of uveitis. Age and gender did not significantly influence PCO formation. Small and medium‐sized breeds developed significantly more PCO in comparison to the large/giant breeds at 2 weeks and 2–4 months postoperatively, but the differences were not significant at later time points. There was an overall significant increase in PCO formation in eyes with early immature cataracts when compared to other stages of cataract up to 4 months postoperatively but not at later time points. There were no statistical differences in PCO score at 6 months or at 1 year postoperatively in eyes with breed‐related and diabetic cataracts. Right eyes did not differ from left eyes in PCO score. PCO score significantly increased over time in breed‐related and diabetic groups and in the overall population. No difference was found in the degree of PCO formation in eyes with inflammation prior to or after surgery compared with those without inflammation. In summary, age, gender, presence of inflammation, and cause of cataract (breed‐related vs. diabetes mellitus) do not influence the development of PCO in canine cataract dogs. Small and medium‐sized breeds develop significant PCO earlier than larger breeds. It is important to note that all eyes from all dogs in this study developed PCO in a time dependent manner.</p></abstract></abstractGroup></contentMeta></header></component></istex:document></istex:metadataXml><mods version="3.6"><titleInfo lang="en"><title>Posterior capsular opacification in diabetic and nondiabetic canine patients following cataract surgery</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="abbreviated"><title>pco in canine patients after cataract surgery</title></titleInfo><titleInfo type="alternative" contentType="CDATA" lang="en"><title>Posterior capsular opacification in diabetic and nondiabetic canine patients following cataract surgery</title></titleInfo><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">I. Dineli</namePart><namePart type="family">Bras</namePart><affiliation>Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Carmen M. H.</namePart><namePart type="family">Colitz</namePart><affiliation>Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">William J. A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Saville</namePart><affiliation>Veterinary Preventive Medicine, The Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, OH 43210, USA</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">Anne J.</namePart><namePart type="family">Gemensky‐Metzler</namePart><affiliation>Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><name type="personal"><namePart type="given">David A.</namePart><namePart type="family">Wilkie</namePart><affiliation>Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences and</affiliation><role><roleTerm type="text">author</roleTerm></role></name><typeOfResource>text</typeOfResource><genre type="article" displayLabel="article"></genre><originInfo><publisher>Blackwell Publishing Inc</publisher><place><placeTerm type="text">Malden, USA</placeTerm></place><dateIssued encoding="w3cdtf">2006-09</dateIssued><copyrightDate encoding="w3cdtf">2006</copyrightDate></originInfo><language><languageTerm type="code" authority="rfc3066">en</languageTerm><languageTerm type="code" authority="iso639-2b">eng</languageTerm></language><physicalDescription><internetMediaType>text/html</internetMediaType><extent unit="figures">11</extent><extent unit="tables">7</extent><extent unit="references">62</extent><extent unit="words">5483</extent></physicalDescription><abstract lang="en">Posterior capsular opacification (PCO) is the most common postoperative complication of contemporary cataract surgery. Limited information is available regarding PCO formation and factors that influence PCO development in the dog. Two hundred sixty‐five eyes (144 from diabetic dogs and 121 from dogs with breed‐related cataracts) were prospectively evaluated for PCO formation for up to 12 months postoperatively. The mean age of all dogs in the study was 7.77 years and diabetic dogs were significantly older than dogs with breed‐related cataracts. There were 73 males (61 neutered, 12 intact) and 74 females (70 neutered, 4 intact) in the study. Statistical analysis was performed based on age, breed/size, gender, stage of cataract at the time of surgery, PCO score at each time point, breed‐related vs. diabetic cataract, right eyes compared to left eyes, and presence/absence of uveitis. Age and gender did not significantly influence PCO formation. Small and medium‐sized breeds developed significantly more PCO in comparison to the large/giant breeds at 2 weeks and 2–4 months postoperatively, but the differences were not significant at later time points. There was an overall significant increase in PCO formation in eyes with early immature cataracts when compared to other stages of cataract up to 4 months postoperatively but not at later time points. There were no statistical differences in PCO score at 6 months or at 1 year postoperatively in eyes with breed‐related and diabetic cataracts. Right eyes did not differ from left eyes in PCO score. PCO score significantly increased over time in breed‐related and diabetic groups and in the overall population. No difference was found in the degree of PCO formation in eyes with inflammation prior to or after surgery compared with those without inflammation. In summary, age, gender, presence of inflammation, and cause of cataract (breed‐related vs. diabetes mellitus) do not influence the development of PCO in canine cataract dogs. Small and medium‐sized breeds develop significant PCO earlier than larger breeds. It is important to note that all eyes from all dogs in this study developed PCO in a time dependent manner.</abstract><subject lang="en"><genre>keywords</genre><topic>breed‐related</topic><topic>canine</topic><topic>cataract</topic><topic>diabetes mellitus</topic><topic>dog</topic><topic>lens</topic><topic>PCO</topic></subject><relatedItem type="host"><titleInfo><title>Veterinary Ophthalmology</title></titleInfo><genre type="journal">journal</genre><identifier type="ISSN">1463-5216</identifier><identifier type="eISSN">1463-5224</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/(ISSN)1463-5224</identifier><identifier type="PublisherID">VOP</identifier><part><date>2006</date><detail type="volume"><caption>vol.</caption><number>9</number></detail><detail type="issue"><caption>no.</caption><number>5</number></detail><extent unit="pages"><start>317</start><end>327</end><total>11</total></extent></part></relatedItem><identifier type="istex">A7C0B11119542748CB4024FF2972C85439EDEF8E</identifier><identifier type="DOI">10.1111/j.1463-5224.2006.00458.x</identifier><identifier type="ArticleID">VOP458</identifier><recordInfo><recordContentSource>WILEY</recordContentSource><recordOrigin>Blackwell Publishing Inc</recordOrigin></recordInfo></mods></metadata><serie></serie></istex></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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