ماهي المكتبة الرقمية، بالضبط؟ : Différence entre versions

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هذه ترجمة مؤقتة ، انتظارا اعادة قراءة و تصحيح محتوى هذا المقال. الرجاء  من كل القراء تفهمنا.  
 
هذه ترجمة مؤقتة ، انتظارا اعادة قراءة و تصحيح محتوى هذا المقال. الرجاء  من كل القراء تفهمنا.  
 
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بتنوع المعاير <ref>note 1</ref> يمكن القول أن المكتبات الرقميّة تعيش في الوقت الحالي مرحلة شبابها، و هذه المرحلة توحي في نفس الوقت بالتفاؤل والانشغال. فالتفاؤل يأتي نتيجة نجاحات حققت خلال عشر سنة من الأبحاث، و التطوير، و الانتشار. أيّ قائمة تكون حتميّا ناقصة، لكن بالتأكيد تضمن غوغل2، نظام هاندل®3، دوبلين كور4، OAI-PMH أي "أو.أ.ي-ب.م.ه"5 ، (بروتوكول جمع معلومات عن الميتاداتا الناشئة من مبادرة الأرشيفات المفتوحة)، عنوان الموقع الالكتروني مفتوح أي URL مفتوحة [40]، أرئكسيف6، دسبايس [53] و لوكساس [50] . هذه الإنجازات التي انتشرت مع الانفجار العام لشبكة الإنترنت بنفسها، خلال الخمس عشر سنة 7، تقترب من منظورة المكتبة الرقمية، " كمدخل عالمي لعلم البشرية" كما عبر عنه بيان اللجنة الاستشارية لتكنولوجيا المعلومات لرئيس الولايات المتحدة سنة 2001 [45].
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وعلى الرغم من عرض قائمة من الموارد الرقمية في وقت مبكر في تاريخ الحوسبة [51] استخدام على نطاق واسع&nbsp;<span dir="ltr">"bibliothèques&nbsp;numériques"</span>&nbsp;مصطلح ظهر في وقت مبكر من
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</ref>, vivent à présent leur adolescence. Comme pour toute adolescence, il y a de quoi s’enthousiasmer et se préoccuper. }}
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{{Boîte déroulante|couleurFondT=yellow|titre=Based on a ...|contenu=Based on a variety of calibrations1, we are now in the adolescence of digital libraries. Like any adolescence, there is reason for optimism and concern.}}
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بتنوع المعاير <ref name="n1"/> يمكن القول أن المكتبات الرقميّة تعيش في الوقت الحالي مرحلة شبابها، و هذه المرحلة توحي في نفس الوقت بالتفاؤل والانشغال
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|{{Boîte déroulante|titre=Les succès rencontrés |contenu=Les succès rencontrés pendant une décennie de recherche, de développement, de déploiement sont source d’enthousiasme. Toute liste en serait nécessairement incomplète, mais inclurait sans nul doute [[Google]]<ref><http://www.google.com></ref>, le [[Handle System]]®<ref><http://www.handle.net></ref>, le [[Dublin Core]]<ref><http://www.dublincore.org></ref>, l’[[OAI-PMH]]<ref><http://openarchives.org></ref> (protocole pour la collecte des métadonnées créé par l’Initiative des Archives Ouvertes), l’[[Open URL]] [[#bib.40|[40]]], [[arXiv]]<ref><http://arxiv.org></ref>, [[DSpace]] [[#bib.53|[53]]] et [[LOCKSS]] [[#bib.50|[50]]]. Ces réalisations, parmi d’autres, sont à mettre en relation avec l’explosion généralisée du web lui-même, durant les quinze dernières années<ref>Dont la richesse sera significativement accrue par des efforts de numérisation massifs tels que Google Print <br/><http://print.google.com></ref>. Elles tendent vers cette vision de la bibliothèque numérique comme « accès universel au savoir humain » exprimée dans le rapport du President information Technology Advisory Committee en 2001 (PAC)[[#bib.45|[45]]].
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{{Boîte déroulante|couleurFondT=yellow|titre=The optimism comes from|contenu=The optimism comes from the successes resulting from a decade of research, development, and deployment. Any list of these is inevitably incomplete, but certainly includes Google2, the Handle System® 3, Dublin Core4, OAI-PMH5 (Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting), OpenURL [40], arXiv6, Dspace [53], and LOCKSS [50]. These and other accomplishments, in combination with the general explosion of the Web itself over the last decade and a half7, approach the digital library vision of "Universal Access to Human Knowledge" articulated in the 2001 report of the President's Information Technology Advisory Committee [45]. }}
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بتنوع المعاير <ref>note 1</ref> يمكن القول أن المكتبات الرقميّة تعيش في الوقت الحالي مرحلة شبابها، و هذه المرحلة توحي في نفس الوقت بالتفاؤل والانشغال. فالتفاؤل يأتي نتيجة نجاحات حققت خلال عشر سنة من الأبحاث، و التطوير، و الانتشار. أيّ قائمة تكون حتميّا ناقصة، لكن بالتأكيد تضمن غوغل2، نظام هاندل®3، دوبلين كور4، OAI-PMH أي "أو.أ.ي-ب.م.ه"5 ، (بروتوكول جمع معلومات عن الميتاداتا الناشئة من مبادرة الأرشيفات المفتوحة)، عنوان الموقع الالكتروني مفتوح أي URL مفتوحة [40]، أرئكسيف6، دسبايس [53] و لوكساس [50] . هذه الإنجازات التي انتشرت مع الانفجار العام لشبكة الإنترنت بنفسها، خلال الخمس عشر سنة 7، تقترب من منظورة المكتبة الرقمية، " كمدخل عالمي لعلم البشرية" كما عبر عنه بيان اللجنة الاستشارية لتكنولوجيا المعلومات لرئيس الولايات المتحدة سنة 2001
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[45].
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==Notes==
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<references/>
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==Bibliographie / قائِمَةُ المَرَاجِعِ==
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*<span id="bib.1">[1] "Functional Requirements for Bibliographic Records," International Federation of Library Associations and Institutions March 1998. <http://www.ifla.org/VII/s13/frbr/frbr.pdf>.</span>
 +
 
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*<span id="bib.2">[2] New Pathways to the National Science Digital Library, 2004 <http://www.infosci.cornell.edu/news/NSDL_Pathways.pdf>.</span>
 +
 
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*<span id="bib.3">[3] "Report of the Science, Mathematics, Engineering, and Technology Education Library Workshop," National Science Foundation, Washington, DC, Workshop Report July 21-23 1998. <http://www.dlib.org/smete/public/report.html>.</span>
 +
 
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*<span id="bib.4">[4] J. Abbas, C. Norris, and E. Soloway, "Middle School Children’s Use of the ARTEMIS Digital Library," presented at ACM/IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries (JCDL ’02), Portland, OR, 2002.</span>
 +
 
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*<span id="bib.5">[5] D. G. Andersen, H. Balakrishnan, and M. F. Kaashoek, "Resilient Overlay Networks," presented at 18th ACM SOSP, Banff, Canada, 2001.</span>
 +
 
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*<span id="bib.6">[6] W. Y. Arms, N. Dushay, D. W. Fulker, and C. Lagoze, "A Case Study in Metadata Harvesting : the NSDL," Library Hi Tech, 21 (2), 2003.</span>
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*<span id="bib.7">[7] W. Y. Arms, D. Hillmann, C. Lagoze, D. Krafft, R. Marisa, J. Saylor, C. Terrizzi, and H. Van de Sompel, "A Spectrum of Interoperability : The Site for Science Prototype for the NSDL," D-Lib Magazine, 8 (1), 2002. <doi:10.1045/january2002-arms>.</span>
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*<span id="bib.8">[8] D. E. Atkins, Report of the Santa Fe Planning Workshop on Distributed Knowledge Work Environments : Digital Libraries, 1997 <http://www.si.umich.edu/SantaFe/report.html>.</span>
 +
 
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*<span id="bib.9">[9] K. Auletta, "Under the Wire," New Yorker, January 17, 1994.</span>
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*<span id="bib.10">[10] C. Baru, R. Moore, A. Rajasekar, and M. Wan, "The SDSC Storage Resource Broker," presented at CASCON’98, Toronto, 1998.</span>
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*<span id="bib.11">[11] D. Bearman, G. Rust, S. Weibel, E. Miller, and J. Trant, "A Common Model to Support Interoperable Metadata. Progress report on reconciling metadata requirements from the Dublin Core and INDECS/DOI Communities," D-Lib Magazine, 5 (January), 1999. <doi:10.1045/january99-bearman>.</span>
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*<span id="bib.12">[12] J. Bekaert, P. Hochstenbach, and H. Van de Sompel, "Using MPEG-21 DIDL to Represent Complex Digital Objects in the Los Alamos National Laboratory Digital Library," D-Lib Magazine, 9 (11), 2003. <doi:10.1045/november2003-bekaert>.</span>
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*<span id="bib.13">[13] [[Tim Berners-Lee]], J. Hendler, and O. Lassila, "The Semantic Web," Scientific American, (50), May, 2001.</span>
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*<span id="bib.14">[14] C. L. Borgman, "Digital libraries and the continuum of scholarly communication," Journal of Documentation, 56 (4), pp. 412-430, 2000.</span>
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*<span id="bib.15">[15] C. L. Borgman, "The invisible library : Paradox of the global information infrastructure," Library Trends, 51 (4), pp. 652, 2003.</span>
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*<span id="bib.16">[16] C. L. Borgman, "What are digital libraries ? Competing visions," ''Information Processing & Management'', 1999 (35), pp. 227-243, 1999.</span>
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*<span id="bib.17">[17] D. Brickley and R. V. Guha, "RDF Vocabulary Description Language 1.0 : RDF Schema," W3C, Recommendation February 10 2004. <http://www.w3.org/TR/rdf-schema>.</span>
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*<span id="bib.18">[18] A. Crespo and H. Garcia-Molina, "Semantic overlay networks for p2p systems," Stanford University, Palo Alto 2003.</span>
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*<span id="bib.19">[19] R. Daniel Jr. and C. Lagoze, "Extending the Warwick Framework : From Metadata Containers to Active Digital Objects," D-Lib Magazine (November), 1997.</span><doi:10.1045/november97-daniel>.
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*<span id="bib.20">[20] E. Fox, R. M. Akscyn, R. K. Furuta, and J. J. Leggett, "Digital libraries," Communications of the ACM, 38 (4), pp. 22-28, 1995.</span>
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*<span id="bib.21">[21] F. Fukuyama, The end of history and the last man. New York, Toronto : Free Press, 1992.</span>
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*<span id="bib.22">[22] R. Kahn and R. Wilensky, "A Framework for Distributed Digital Object Services," Corporation for National Research Initiatives, Reston, Working Paper cnri.dlib/tn95-01, 1995. <http://www.cnri.reston.va.us/k-w.html>.</span>
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*<span id="bib.23">[23] M. A. Keller, V. Reich, and A. C. Herkovic, "What is a library anymore, anyway ?," First Monday, 8, May 5, 2003.</span>
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*<span id="bib.24">[24] [[Carl Lagoze]], "The Warwick Framework : A Container Architecture for Diverse Sets of Metadata," D-Lib Magazine, 2 (7/8), 1996. <doi:10.1045/july96-weibel >.</span>
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*<span id="bib.25">[25] C. Lagoze, W. Arms, S. Gan, D. Hillmann, C. Ingram, D. Krafft, R. Marisa, J. Phipps, J. Saylor, C. Terrizzi, W. Hoehn, D. Millman, J. Allan, S. Guzman-Lara, and T. Kalt, "Core Services in the Architecture of the National Digital Library for Science Education (NSDL)," presented at Joint Conference on Digital Libraries, Portland, Oregon, 2002.</span>
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*<span id="bib.26">[26] C. Lagoze and J. R. Davis, "Dienst - An Architecture for Distributed Document Libraries," Communications of the ACM, 38 (4), pp. 47, 1995.</span>
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*<span id="bib.27">[27] C. Lagoze, S. Payette, E. Shin, and C. Wilper, Fedora : An Architecture for Complex Objects and their Relationships, 2005 <http://arxiv.org/abs/cs.DL/0501012>.</span>
 +
 
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*<span id="bib.28">[28] C. Lagoze and A. Singhal, "Information Discovery : Needles and Haystacks," IEEE Internet Computing, 2005 (May/June), 2005.</span>
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*<span id="bib.29">[29] C. Lagoze, H. Van de Sompel, M. Nelson, and S. Warner, The Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting - Version 2.0, 2002 <http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/openarchivesprotocol.html>.</span>
  
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*<span id="bib.30">[30] D. Levy, "Cataloging in the Digital Order," presented at The Second Annual Conference on the Theory and Practice of Digital Libraries, 1995.</span>
  
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==Notes==
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*<span id="bib.31">[31] D. Levy, "Digital Libraries and the Problem of Purpose," Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science, 26 (6), 2000.</span>
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<references/>
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*<span id="bib.32">[32] Library of Congress, METS : An Overview & Tutorial, 2004 <http://www.loc.gov/standards/mets/METSOverview.v2.html>.</span>
 +
 
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*<span id="bib.33">[33] [[a pour auteur cité::Clifford Lynch|C. Lynch]], "The Battle to Define the Future of the Book in the Digital World," First Monday, 6 (6), June 4, 2001.</span>
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*<span id="bib.34">[34] C. A. Lynch and H. Garcia-Molina, "Interoperability, Scaling, and the Digital Libraries Research Agenda," IITA Digital Libraries Workshop May 18-19 1995. <http://www-diglib.stanford.edu/diglib/pub/reports/iita-dlw/main.html>.</span>
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*<span id="bib.35">[35] C. A. Lynch and M. A. Keller, googlization, digital repositories, distance education, and privacy, 2005 <http://www.learningtimes.net/acrlarchive.html>.</span>
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*<span id="bib.36">[36] B. Marshall, Y. Zhang, H. Chen, A. Lally, R. Shen, E. A. Fox, and L. Cassel, "Convergence of Knowledge Management and E-Learning : the GetSmart Experience," presented at ACM/IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries (JCDL ’03), Houston, TX, 2003.</span>
 +
 
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*<span id="bib.37">[37] K. Martin, "Learning in Context," Issues of Teaching and Learning, 4 (8), September, 1998.</span>
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*<span id="bib.38">[38] G. McCalla, "The Ecological Approach to the Design of E-Learning Environments : Purpose-based Capture and Use of the Information about Learners," Journal of Interactive Media in Education, 7 (Special Issue on the Educational Semantic Web), 2004.</span>
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*<span id="bib.39">[39] F. McMartin and Y. Terada, "Digital Library Services for Authors of Learning Materials," presented at ACM/IEEE Joint Conference on Digital Libraries (JCDL ’02), Portland, OR, 2002.</span>
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*<span id="bib.40">[40] National information Standards Organization (U.S.), The OpenURL Framework for Context-Sensitive Services, 2003<http://www.niso.org/standards/resources/Z39_88_2004.pdf>.</span>
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*<span id="bib.41">[41] W. Nejdl, B. Wolf, and C. Qu, "EDUTELLA : A P2P Networking Infrastructure Based on RDF," presented at WWW2002, Honolulu, 2002.</span>
 +
 
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*<span id="bib.42">[42] A. M. Ouksel and A. Sheth, "Semantic Interoperability in Global Information Systems," SIGMOD Record, 28 (1), 1999.</span>
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*<span id="bib.43">[43] P. Parrish, "The Trouble with Learning Objects," Educational Technology Research and Development, 52 (1), pp. 49-67, 2004.</span>
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*<span id="bib.44">[44] S. Payette and C. Lagoze, "Flexible and Extensible Digital Object and Repository Architecture (FEDORA)," presented at Second European Conference on Research and Advanced Technology for Digital Libraries, Heraklion, Crete, 1998.</span>
 +
 
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*<span id="bib.45">[45] President’s Information Technology Advisory Committee : Panel on Digital Libraries, "Digital Libraries : Universal Access to Human Knowledge," PITAC February 2001. <http://www.itrd.gov/pubs/pitac/pitac-dl-9feb01.pdf>.</span>
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*<span id="bib.46">[46] M. Recker, Instructional Architect, 2004 <http://ia.usu.edu/>.</span>
 +
 
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*<span id="bib.47">[47] M. Recker, J. Dorward, and L. M. Nelson, "Discovery and Use of Online Learning Resources : Case Study Findings," Educational Technology and Society, 7 (2), pp. 93-104, 2004.</span>
 +
 
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*<span id="bib.48">[48] M. Recker and A. Walker, "Collaboratively filtering learning objects," in Designing Instruction with Learning Objects, D. A. Wiley, Ed., 2000.</span>
 +
 
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*<span id="bib.49">[49] T. C. Reeves, The Impact of Media and Technology in Schools : A Research Report prepared for The Bertelsmann Foundation, 1998. <http://it.coe.uga.edu/ treeves/edit6900/BertelsmannReeves98.pdf>.</span>
 +
 
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*<span id="bib.50">[50] V. Reich, "LOCKSS : A Permanent Web Publishing and Access System," D-Lib Magazine, 7 (6), 2001. <doi:10.1045/june2001-reich>.</span>
 +
 
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*<span id="bib.51">[51] G. Salton, Dynamic information and library processing. Englewood Cliffs, N.J. : Prentice-Hall, 1975.</span>
 +
 
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*<span id="bib.52">[52] A. Seaborne, RDQL - A Query Language for RDF, 2004. <http://www.w3.org/Submission/2004/SUBM-RDQL-20040109/>.</span>
 +
 
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*<span id="bib.53">[53] M. Smith, M. Bass, G. McClellan, R. Tansley, M. Barton, M. Branschofsky, D. Stuve et J. H. Walker, "DSpace : An Open Source Dynamic Digital Repository," D-Lib Magazine, 9 (1), 2003. <doi:10.1045/january2003-smith>.</span>
 +
 
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*<span id="bib.54">[54] J. Surowiecki, The wisdom of crowds : why the many are smarter than the few and how collective wisdom shapes business, economies, societies, and nations, 1st ed. New York : Doubleday :, 2004.</span>
 +
 
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*<span id="bib.55">[55] E. Svenonius, The intellectual foundation of information organization. Cambridge, Mass. : MIT Press, 2000.</span>
 +
 
 +
*<span id="bib.56">[56] Tucana Technologies, iTQL Commands, 2004 <http://kowari.org/oldsite/271.htm>.</span>
 +
 
 +
*<span id="bib.57">[57] Tucana Technologies, Kowari metastore, 2004 <http://www.kowari.org/>.</span>
 +
 
 +
*<span id="bib.58">[58] J. Ward, "A Quantitative Analysis of Unqualified Dublin Core Metadata Element Set Usage within Data Providers Registered with the Open Archives Initiative," presented at Joint Conference on Digital Libraries, Houston, 2003.</span>
 +
 
 +
*<span id="bib.59">[59] F. Wattenberg, "A National Digital Libraries for Science, Mathematics, Engineering, and Technology Education," D-Lib Magazine, 1998 (October), 1998. <doi:10.1045/october98-wattenberg>.</span>
 +
 
 +
*<span id="bib.60">[60] D. A. Wiley, "Connecting learning objects to instructional design theory : A definition, a metaphor, and a taxonomy," in The Instructional Use of Learning Objects : Online Version, D. A. Wiley, Ed., 2000.</span>
 +
 
 +
*<span id="bib.61">[61] L. L. Zia, "The NSF National Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics Education Digital Library (NSDL) Program," D-Lib Magazine, 8 (11), 2002. <doi:10.1045/november2002-zia>.</span>
  
  
 
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Version actuelle datée du 16 avril 2012 à 14:56

"مابعد خدمات البحث والوصول إلى المكتبة الرقمية العلمية الوطنية"


Cette page introduit une traduction d'un article de Carl Lagoze, What Is a Digital Library Anymore, Anyway? par Djamila Safa. Cet article avait été réalisé à la suite d'une première traduction en français : Qu’est-ce qu’une bibliothèque numérique, au juste ?.

logo travaux Page en cours de réalisation, la page originale avait été mise en ligne avec la mention :

هذه ترجمة مؤقتة ، انتظارا اعادة قراءة و تصحيح محتوى هذا المقال. الرجاء من كل القراء تفهمنا.

Cette page est utilisée pour tester les possibilités d'articulation de textes avec des contraintes d'alignement différetes (gauche à droite versus droite à gauche).

Les bibliothèques numériques...
Les bibliothèques numériques, bien que de tailles différentes[1], vivent à présent leur adolescence. Comme pour toute adolescence, il y a de quoi s’enthousiasmer et se préoccuper.
 
Based on a ...
Based on a variety of calibrations1, we are now in the adolescence of digital libraries. Like any adolescence, there is reason for optimism and concern.
 

. بتنوع المعاير [1] يمكن القول أن المكتبات الرقميّة تعيش في الوقت الحالي مرحلة شبابها، و هذه المرحلة توحي في نفس الوقت بالتفاؤل والانشغال

Les succès rencontrés
Les succès rencontrés pendant une décennie de recherche, de développement, de déploiement sont source d’enthousiasme. Toute liste en serait nécessairement incomplète, mais inclurait sans nul doute Google[2], le Handle System®[3], le Dublin Core[4], l’OAI-PMH[5] (protocole pour la collecte des métadonnées créé par l’Initiative des Archives Ouvertes), l’Open URL [40], arXiv[6], DSpace [53] et LOCKSS [50]. Ces réalisations, parmi d’autres, sont à mettre en relation avec l’explosion généralisée du web lui-même, durant les quinze dernières années[7]. Elles tendent vers cette vision de la bibliothèque numérique comme « accès universel au savoir humain » exprimée dans le rapport du President information Technology Advisory Committee en 2001 (PAC)[45].
 
The optimism comes from
The optimism comes from the successes resulting from a decade of research, development, and deployment. Any list of these is inevitably incomplete, but certainly includes Google2, the Handle System® 3, Dublin Core4, OAI-PMH5 (Open Archives Initiative Protocol for Metadata Harvesting), OpenURL [40], arXiv6, Dspace [53], and LOCKSS [50]. These and other accomplishments, in combination with the general explosion of the Web itself over the last decade and a half7, approach the digital library vision of "Universal Access to Human Knowledge" articulated in the 2001 report of the President's Information Technology Advisory Committee [45].
 

بتنوع المعاير [8] يمكن القول أن المكتبات الرقميّة تعيش في الوقت الحالي مرحلة شبابها، و هذه المرحلة توحي في نفس الوقت بالتفاؤل والانشغال. فالتفاؤل يأتي نتيجة نجاحات حققت خلال عشر سنة من الأبحاث، و التطوير، و الانتشار. أيّ قائمة تكون حتميّا ناقصة، لكن بالتأكيد تضمن غوغل2، نظام هاندل®3، دوبلين كور4، OAI-PMH أي "أو.أ.ي-ب.م.ه"5 ، (بروتوكول جمع معلومات عن الميتاداتا الناشئة من مبادرة الأرشيفات المفتوحة)، عنوان الموقع الالكتروني مفتوح أي URL مفتوحة [40]، أرئكسيف6، دسبايس [53] و لوكساس [50] . هذه الإنجازات التي انتشرت مع الانفجار العام لشبكة الإنترنت بنفسها، خلال الخمس عشر سنة 7، تقترب من منظورة المكتبة الرقمية، " كمدخل عالمي لعلم البشرية" كما عبر عنه بيان اللجنة الاستشارية لتكنولوجيا المعلومات لرئيس الولايات المتحدة سنة 2001 [45].

Notes

  1. ↑ 1,0 et 1,1
    Bien que...
    Bien que les catalogues de ressources numériques aient été introduits de bonne heure dans l’histoire de l’informatique [51] l’emploi généralisé du terme « bibliothèque numérique » remonte au début des années 90 [16] [20].
     

    وعلى الرغم من عرض قائمة من الموارد الرقمية في وقت مبكر في تاريخ الحوسبة [51] استخدام على نطاق واسع "bibliothèques numériques" مصطلح ظهر في وقت مبكر من

  2. ↑ <http://www.google.com>
  3. ↑ <http://www.handle.net>
  4. ↑ <http://www.dublincore.org>
  5. ↑ <http://openarchives.org>
  6. ↑ <http://arxiv.org>
  7. ↑ Dont la richesse sera significativement accrue par des efforts de numérisation massifs tels que Google Print
    <http://print.google.com>
  8. ↑ note 1

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