Epidemiology of Viral Infections
Identifieur interne : 001308 ( Ncbi/Merge ); précédent : 001307; suivant : 001309Epidemiology of Viral Infections
Auteurs : Frank FennerSource :
- Veterinary Virology ; 1987.
Abstract
Viruses survive in nature only if they are able to pass from one host to another, whether of the same or another species. Viral epidemiology is the study of the factors that determine the frequency and distribution of viral diseases in an animal population. In the broadest sense, epidemiology may be viewed as a part of population biology, involving not only environmental factors but also genetic factors in both the virus and the host. The terms incidence and prevalence are used to describe quantitative aspects of the occurrence of infections in populations. The incidence of infection is defined as the proportion of a population contracting that infection during a specified period, whereas prevalence refers to the proportion infected at a particular point in time. The comparisons of incidence and prevalence at different times and places are made by relating the appropriate numerator to a denominator that may be as general as the total population of the animal species concerned or may be specified as the susceptible population at risk. A disease is said to be enzootic when there are continuous chains of transmission in the region involved; epizootics are peaks in disease incidence. The size of the peak required to constitute an epizootic is arbitrary and is related to the background enzootic rate, the morbidity, and the anxiety that the disease arouses.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-253055-5.50019-0
PubMed: NONE
PubMed Central: 7173609
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Viral epidemiology is the study of the factors that determine the frequency and distribution of viral diseases in an animal population. In the broadest sense, epidemiology may be viewed as a part of population biology, involving not only environmental factors but also genetic factors in both the virus and the host. The terms incidence and prevalence are used to describe quantitative aspects of the occurrence of infections in populations. The incidence of infection is defined as the proportion of a population contracting that infection during a specified period, whereas prevalence refers to the proportion infected at a particular point in time. The comparisons of incidence and prevalence at different times and places are made by relating the appropriate numerator to a denominator that may be as general as the total population of the animal species concerned or may be specified as the susceptible population at risk. A disease is said to be enzootic when there are continuous chains of transmission in the region involved; epizootics are peaks in disease incidence. The size of the peak required to constitute an epizootic is arbitrary and is related to the background enzootic rate, the morbidity, and the anxiety that the disease arouses.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Anderson, R M" uniqKey="Anderson R">R.M. Anderson</name></author><author><name sortKey="May, R M" uniqKey="May R">R.M. May</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Bailey, N T J" uniqKey="Bailey N">N.T.J. Bailey</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Beran, G W" uniqKey="Beran G">G.W. Beran</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Burridge, M J" uniqKey="Burridge M">M.J. Burridge</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Evans, A S" uniqKey="Evans A">A.S. Evans</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gibbs, E P J" uniqKey="Gibbs E">E.P.J. Gibbs</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Gloster, J" uniqKey="Gloster J">J. Gloster</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Miller, W M" uniqKey="Miller W">W.M. Miller</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Mims, C A" uniqKey="Mims C">C.A. Mims</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Paul, J R" uniqKey="Paul J">J.R. Paul</name></author><author><name sortKey="White, C" uniqKey="White C">C. White</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Riemann, H P" uniqKey="Riemann H">H.P. Riemann</name></author><author><name sortKey="Burridge, M J" uniqKey="Burridge M">M.J. Burridge</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Schwabe, C" uniqKey="Schwabe C">C. Schwabe</name></author><author><name sortKey="Riemann, H P" uniqKey="Riemann H">H.P. Riemann</name></author><author><name sortKey="Franti, C E" uniqKey="Franti C">C.E. Franti</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Smith, C E G" uniqKey="Smith C">C.E.G. Smith</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct></listBibl></div1></back></TEI><pmc article-type="chapter-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Veterinary Virology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Veterinary Virology</journal-title></journal-title-group></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">7173609</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">B978-0-12-253055-5.50019-0</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/B978-0-12-253055-5.50019-0</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Epidemiology of Viral Infections</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au1"><name><surname>FENNER</surname><given-names>FRANK</given-names></name></contrib><aff id="aff1">The John Curtin School of Medical Research, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia</aff></contrib-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au2"><name><surname>BACHMANN</surname><given-names>PETER A.</given-names></name></contrib><aff id="aff2">Institut für Medizinische Mikrobiologie, Infektions -und Seuchenmedizin, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Federal Republic of Germany</aff></contrib-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au3"><name><surname>GIBBS</surname><given-names>E. PAUL J.</given-names></name></contrib><aff id="aff3">College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida</aff></contrib-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au4"><name><surname>MURPHY</surname><given-names>FREDERICK A.</given-names></name></contrib><aff id="aff4">Division of Viral Diseases, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, Georgia</aff></contrib-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au5"><name><surname>STUDDERT</surname><given-names>MICHAEL J.</given-names></name></contrib><aff id="aff5">Virus Laboratory, School of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</aff></contrib-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au6"><name><surname>WHITE</surname><given-names>DAVID O.</given-names></name></contrib><aff id="aff6">Department of Microbiology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia</aff></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>27</day><month>6</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 0 months and 0 days and was based on .</pmc-comment>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>1987</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>27</day><month>6</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><fpage>283</fpage><lpage>304</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 1987 ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>1987</copyright-year><copyright-holder>ACADEMIC PRESS, INC.</copyright-holder><license><license-p>Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract id="ceabs10a"><title>Publisher Summary</title><p>Viruses survive in nature only if they are able to pass from one host to another, whether of the same or another species. Viral epidemiology is the study of the factors that determine the frequency and distribution of viral diseases in an animal population. In the broadest sense, epidemiology may be viewed as a part of population biology, involving not only environmental factors but also genetic factors in both the virus and the host. The terms incidence and prevalence are used to describe quantitative aspects of the occurrence of infections in populations. The incidence of infection is defined as the proportion of a population contracting that infection during a specified period, whereas prevalence refers to the proportion infected at a particular point in time. The comparisons of incidence and prevalence at different times and places are made by relating the appropriate numerator to a denominator that may be as general as the total population of the animal species concerned or may be specified as the susceptible population at risk. A disease is said to be enzootic when there are continuous chains of transmission in the region involved; epizootics are peaks in disease incidence. The size of the peak required to constitute an epizootic is arbitrary and is related to the background enzootic rate, the morbidity, and the anxiety that the disease arouses.</p></abstract></article-meta></front></pmc><affiliations><list></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Fenner, Frank" sort="Fenner, Frank" uniqKey="Fenner F" first="Frank" last="Fenner">Frank Fenner</name></noCountry></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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