SrasV1, PubMed, Checkpoint, bibRecord, 000B32

Early endonuclease-mediated evasion of RNA sensing ensures efficient coronavirus replication.

Identifieur interne : 000B32 ( PubMed/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000B31; suivant : 000B33

Early endonuclease-mediated evasion of RNA sensing ensures efficient coronavirus replication.

Auteurs : Eveline Kindler [Suisse] ; Cristina Gil-Cruz [Suisse] ; Julia Spanier [Allemagne] ; Yize Li [États-Unis] ; Jochen Wilhelm [Allemagne] ; Huib H. Rabouw [Pays-Bas] ; Roland Züst [Singapour] ; Mihyun Hwang [États-Unis] ; Philip V'Kovski [Suisse] ; Hanspeter Stalder [Suisse] ; Sabrina Marti [Suisse] ; Matthias Habjan [Allemagne] ; Luisa Cervantes-Barragan [États-Unis] ; Ruth Elliot [États-Unis] ; Nadja Karl [Allemagne] ; Christina Gaughan [États-Unis] ; Frank J M. Van Kuppeveld [Pays-Bas] ; Robert H. Silverman [États-Unis] ; Markus Keller [Allemagne] ; Burkhard Ludewig [Suisse] ; Cornelia C. Bergmann [États-Unis] ; John Ziebuhr [Allemagne] ; Susan R. Weiss [États-Unis] ; Ulrich Kalinke [Allemagne] ; Volker Thiel [Suisse]

Source :

PLoS pathogens [ 1553-7374 ] ; 2017.

RBID : pubmed:28158275

Descripteurs français

KwdFr :
- Animaux, Coronaviridae (enzymologie), Coronaviridae (immunologie), Cytométrie en flux, Endonucleases (immunologie), Humains, Immunité innée (immunologie), Infections à coronavirus (immunologie), Interactions hôte-pathogène (immunologie), Protéines virales (immunologie), Réaction de polymérisation en chaine en temps réel, Souris, Souris de lignée C57BL, Test ELISA, Échappement immunitaire (physiologie).
MESH :
- enzymologie : Coronaviridae.
- immunologie : Coronaviridae, Endonucleases, Immunité innée, Infections à coronavirus, Interactions hôte-pathogène, Protéines virales.
- physiologie : Échappement immunitaire.
- Animaux, Cytométrie en flux, Humains, Réaction de polymérisation en chaine en temps réel, Souris, Souris de lignée C57BL, Test ELISA.

English descriptors

KwdEn :
- Animals, Coronaviridae (enzymology), Coronaviridae (immunology), Coronavirus Infections (immunology), Endonucleases (immunology), Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Flow Cytometry, Host-Pathogen Interactions (immunology), Humans, Immune Evasion (physiology), Immunity, Innate (immunology), Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction, Viral Proteins (immunology).
MESH :
- chemical , immunology : Endonucleases, Viral Proteins.
- enzymology : Coronaviridae.
- immunology : Coronaviridae, Coronavirus Infections, Host-Pathogen Interactions, Immunity, Innate.
- physiology : Immune Evasion.
- Animals, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay, Flow Cytometry, Humans, Mice, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction.

Abstract

Coronaviruses are of veterinary and medical importance and include highly pathogenic zoonotic viruses, such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. They are known to efficiently evade early innate immune responses, manifesting in almost negligible expression of type-I interferons (IFN-I). This evasion strategy suggests an evolutionary conserved viral function that has evolved to prevent RNA-based sensing of infection in vertebrate hosts. Here we show that the coronavirus endonuclease (EndoU) activity is key to prevent early induction of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) host cell responses. Replication of EndoU-deficient coronaviruses is greatly attenuated in vivo and severely restricted in primary cells even during the early phase of the infection. In macrophages we found immediate induction of IFN-I expression and RNase L-mediated breakdown of ribosomal RNA. Accordingly, EndoU-deficient viruses can retain replication only in cells that are deficient in IFN-I expression or sensing, and in cells lacking both RNase L and PKR. Collectively our results demonstrate that the coronavirus EndoU efficiently prevents simultaneous activation of host cell dsRNA sensors, such as Mda5, OAS and PKR. The localization of the EndoU activity at the site of viral RNA synthesis-within the replicase complex-suggests that coronaviruses have evolved a viral RNA decay pathway to evade early innate and intrinsic antiviral host cell responses.

DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006195
PubMed: 28158275

Affiliations:

Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)

to stream PubMed, to step Corpus: 000B57
to stream PubMed, to step Curation: 000B57

Links to Exploration step

pubmed:28158275

Le document en format XML

<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Early endonuclease-mediated evasion of RNA sensing ensures efficient coronavirus replication.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Kindler, Eveline" sort="Kindler, Eveline" uniqKey="Kindler E" first="Eveline" last="Kindler">Eveline Kindler</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Bern</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Berne</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="3">Canton de Berne</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Berne</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gil Cruz, Cristina" sort="Gil Cruz, Cristina" uniqKey="Gil Cruz C" first="Cristina" last="Gil-Cruz">Cristina Gil-Cruz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>St.Gallen</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Spanier, Julia" sort="Spanier, Julia" uniqKey="Spanier J" first="Julia" last="Spanier">Julia Spanier</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Basse-Saxe</region>
<settlement type="city">Hanovre</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Yize" sort="Li, Yize" uniqKey="Li Y" first="Yize" last="Li">Yize Li</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wilhelm, Jochen" sort="Wilhelm, Jochen" uniqKey="Wilhelm J" first="Jochen" last="Wilhelm">Jochen Wilhelm</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung (DZL), Giessen, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung (DZL), Giessen</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Giessen</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Giessen</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Giessen</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rabouw, Huib H" sort="Rabouw, Huib H" uniqKey="Rabouw H" first="Huib H" last="Rabouw">Huib H. Rabouw</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Utrecht</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Utrecht (province)</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Utrecht</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zust, Roland" sort="Zust, Roland" uniqKey="Zust R" first="Roland" last="Züst">Roland Züst</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Singapore Immunology Network, Singapore.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Singapore Immunology Network</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hwang, Mihyun" sort="Hwang, Mihyun" uniqKey="Hwang M" first="Mihyun" last="Hwang">Mihyun Hwang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Ohio</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="V Kovski, Philip" sort="V Kovski, Philip" uniqKey="V Kovski P" first="Philip" last="V'Kovski">Philip V'Kovski</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Bern</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Berne</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="3">Canton de Berne</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Berne</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stalder, Hanspeter" sort="Stalder, Hanspeter" uniqKey="Stalder H" first="Hanspeter" last="Stalder">Hanspeter Stalder</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Bern</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Berne</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="3">Canton de Berne</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Berne</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marti, Sabrina" sort="Marti, Sabrina" uniqKey="Marti S" first="Sabrina" last="Marti">Sabrina Marti</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Bern</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Berne</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="3">Canton de Berne</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Berne</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Habjan, Matthias" sort="Habjan, Matthias" uniqKey="Habjan M" first="Matthias" last="Habjan">Matthias Habjan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Martinsried</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Martinsried</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Martinsried</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cervantes Barragan, Luisa" sort="Cervantes Barragan, Luisa" uniqKey="Cervantes Barragan L" first="Luisa" last="Cervantes-Barragan">Luisa Cervantes-Barragan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Missouri (État)</region>
<settlement type="city">Saint-Louis (Missouri)</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">École de médecine (Université Washington de Saint-Louis)</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Elliot, Ruth" sort="Elliot, Ruth" uniqKey="Elliot R" first="Ruth" last="Elliot">Ruth Elliot</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Karl, Nadja" sort="Karl, Nadja" uniqKey="Karl N" first="Nadja" last="Karl">Nadja Karl</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Medical Virology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Medical Virology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Giessen</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Giessen</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Giessen</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gaughan, Christina" sort="Gaughan, Christina" uniqKey="Gaughan C" first="Christina" last="Gaughan">Christina Gaughan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Ohio</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Kuppeveld, Frank J M" sort="Van Kuppeveld, Frank J M" uniqKey="Van Kuppeveld F" first="Frank J M" last="Van Kuppeveld">Frank J M. Van Kuppeveld</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Utrecht</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Utrecht (province)</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Utrecht</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Silverman, Robert H" sort="Silverman, Robert H" uniqKey="Silverman R" first="Robert H" last="Silverman">Robert H. Silverman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Ohio</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Keller, Markus" sort="Keller, Markus" uniqKey="Keller M" first="Markus" last="Keller">Markus Keller</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald-Insel Riems</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald-Insel Riems</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald-Insel Riems</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ludewig, Burkhard" sort="Ludewig, Burkhard" uniqKey="Ludewig B" first="Burkhard" last="Ludewig">Burkhard Ludewig</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>St.Gallen</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bergmann, Cornelia C" sort="Bergmann, Cornelia C" uniqKey="Bergmann C" first="Cornelia C" last="Bergmann">Cornelia C. Bergmann</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Ohio</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ziebuhr, John" sort="Ziebuhr, John" uniqKey="Ziebuhr J" first="John" last="Ziebuhr">John Ziebuhr</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Medical Virology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Medical Virology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Giessen</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Giessen</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Giessen</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Weiss, Susan R" sort="Weiss, Susan R" uniqKey="Weiss S" first="Susan R" last="Weiss">Susan R. Weiss</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kalinke, Ulrich" sort="Kalinke, Ulrich" uniqKey="Kalinke U" first="Ulrich" last="Kalinke">Ulrich Kalinke</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Basse-Saxe</region>
<settlement type="city">Hanovre</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thiel, Volker" sort="Thiel, Volker" uniqKey="Thiel V" first="Volker" last="Thiel">Volker Thiel</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Bern</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Berne</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="3">Canton de Berne</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Berne</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</titleStmt>
<publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PubMed</idno>
<date when="2017">2017</date>
<idno type="RBID">pubmed:28158275</idno>
<idno type="pmid">28158275</idno>
<idno type="doi">10.1371/journal.ppat.1006195</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Corpus">000B57</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PubMed">000B57</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Curation">000B57</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PubMed" wicri:step="Curation">000B57</idno>
<idno type="wicri:Area/PubMed/Checkpoint">000B32</idno>
<idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Checkpoint" wicri:step="PubMed">000B32</idno>
</publicationStmt>
<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en">Early endonuclease-mediated evasion of RNA sensing ensures efficient coronavirus replication.</title>
<author><name sortKey="Kindler, Eveline" sort="Kindler, Eveline" uniqKey="Kindler E" first="Eveline" last="Kindler">Eveline Kindler</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Bern</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Berne</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="3">Canton de Berne</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Berne</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gil Cruz, Cristina" sort="Gil Cruz, Cristina" uniqKey="Gil Cruz C" first="Cristina" last="Gil-Cruz">Cristina Gil-Cruz</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>St.Gallen</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Spanier, Julia" sort="Spanier, Julia" uniqKey="Spanier J" first="Julia" last="Spanier">Julia Spanier</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Basse-Saxe</region>
<settlement type="city">Hanovre</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Li, Yize" sort="Li, Yize" uniqKey="Li Y" first="Yize" last="Li">Yize Li</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wilhelm, Jochen" sort="Wilhelm, Jochen" uniqKey="Wilhelm J" first="Jochen" last="Wilhelm">Jochen Wilhelm</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung (DZL), Giessen, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung (DZL), Giessen</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Giessen</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Giessen</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Giessen</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Rabouw, Huib H" sort="Rabouw, Huib H" uniqKey="Rabouw H" first="Huib H" last="Rabouw">Huib H. Rabouw</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Utrecht</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Utrecht (province)</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Utrecht</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zust, Roland" sort="Zust, Roland" uniqKey="Zust R" first="Roland" last="Züst">Roland Züst</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Singapore Immunology Network, Singapore.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Singapour</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Singapore Immunology Network</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Hwang, Mihyun" sort="Hwang, Mihyun" uniqKey="Hwang M" first="Mihyun" last="Hwang">Mihyun Hwang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Ohio</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="V Kovski, Philip" sort="V Kovski, Philip" uniqKey="V Kovski P" first="Philip" last="V'Kovski">Philip V'Kovski</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Bern</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Berne</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="3">Canton de Berne</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Berne</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Stalder, Hanspeter" sort="Stalder, Hanspeter" uniqKey="Stalder H" first="Hanspeter" last="Stalder">Hanspeter Stalder</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Bern</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Berne</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="3">Canton de Berne</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Berne</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Marti, Sabrina" sort="Marti, Sabrina" uniqKey="Marti S" first="Sabrina" last="Marti">Sabrina Marti</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Bern</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Berne</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="3">Canton de Berne</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Berne</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Habjan, Matthias" sort="Habjan, Matthias" uniqKey="Habjan M" first="Matthias" last="Habjan">Matthias Habjan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Martinsried</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Martinsried</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Martinsried</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Cervantes Barragan, Luisa" sort="Cervantes Barragan, Luisa" uniqKey="Cervantes Barragan L" first="Luisa" last="Cervantes-Barragan">Luisa Cervantes-Barragan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Missouri (État)</region>
<settlement type="city">Saint-Louis (Missouri)</settlement>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">École de médecine (Université Washington de Saint-Louis)</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Elliot, Ruth" sort="Elliot, Ruth" uniqKey="Elliot R" first="Ruth" last="Elliot">Ruth Elliot</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Karl, Nadja" sort="Karl, Nadja" uniqKey="Karl N" first="Nadja" last="Karl">Nadja Karl</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Medical Virology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Medical Virology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Giessen</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Giessen</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Giessen</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Gaughan, Christina" sort="Gaughan, Christina" uniqKey="Gaughan C" first="Christina" last="Gaughan">Christina Gaughan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Ohio</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Van Kuppeveld, Frank J M" sort="Van Kuppeveld, Frank J M" uniqKey="Van Kuppeveld F" first="Frank J M" last="Van Kuppeveld">Frank J M. Van Kuppeveld</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Pays-Bas</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Utrecht</settlement>
<region nuts="2" type="province">Utrecht (province)</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université d'Utrecht</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Silverman, Robert H" sort="Silverman, Robert H" uniqKey="Silverman R" first="Robert H" last="Silverman">Robert H. Silverman</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Ohio</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Keller, Markus" sort="Keller, Markus" uniqKey="Keller M" first="Markus" last="Keller">Markus Keller</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald-Insel Riems</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald-Insel Riems</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Greifswald-Insel Riems</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ludewig, Burkhard" sort="Ludewig, Burkhard" uniqKey="Ludewig B" first="Burkhard" last="Ludewig">Burkhard Ludewig</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>St.Gallen</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bergmann, Cornelia C" sort="Bergmann, Cornelia C" uniqKey="Bergmann C" first="Cornelia C" last="Bergmann">Cornelia C. Bergmann</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Ohio</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Ziebuhr, John" sort="Ziebuhr, John" uniqKey="Ziebuhr J" first="John" last="Ziebuhr">John Ziebuhr</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Medical Virology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Medical Virology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen</wicri:regionArea>
<wicri:noRegion>Giessen</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Giessen</wicri:noRegion>
<wicri:noRegion>Giessen</wicri:noRegion>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Weiss, Susan R" sort="Weiss, Susan R" uniqKey="Weiss S" first="Susan R" last="Weiss">Susan R. Weiss</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="2"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">États-Unis</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="state">Pennsylvanie</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kalinke, Ulrich" sort="Kalinke, Ulrich" uniqKey="Kalinke U" first="Ulrich" last="Kalinke">Ulrich Kalinke</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="3"><nlm:affiliation>Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Allemagne</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><region type="land" nuts="2">Basse-Saxe</region>
<settlement type="city">Hanovre</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Thiel, Volker" sort="Thiel, Volker" uniqKey="Thiel V" first="Volker" last="Thiel">Volker Thiel</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="4"><nlm:affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.</nlm:affiliation>
<country xml:lang="fr">Suisse</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Bern</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Berne</settlement>
<region type="région" nuts="3">Canton de Berne</region>
</placeName>
<orgName type="university">Université de Berne</orgName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">PLoS pathogens</title>
<idno type="eISSN">1553-7374</idno>
<imprint><date when="2017" type="published">2017</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term>
<term>Coronaviridae (enzymology)</term>
<term>Coronaviridae (immunology)</term>
<term>Coronavirus Infections (immunology)</term>
<term>Endonucleases (immunology)</term>
<term>Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay</term>
<term>Flow Cytometry</term>
<term>Host-Pathogen Interactions (immunology)</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Immune Evasion (physiology)</term>
<term>Immunity, Innate (immunology)</term>
<term>Mice</term>
<term>Mice, Inbred C57BL</term>
<term>Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction</term>
<term>Viral Proteins (immunology)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="KwdFr" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term>
<term>Coronaviridae (enzymologie)</term>
<term>Coronaviridae (immunologie)</term>
<term>Cytométrie en flux</term>
<term>Endonucleases (immunologie)</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Immunité innée (immunologie)</term>
<term>Infections à coronavirus (immunologie)</term>
<term>Interactions hôte-pathogène (immunologie)</term>
<term>Protéines virales (immunologie)</term>
<term>Réaction de polymérisation en chaine en temps réel</term>
<term>Souris</term>
<term>Souris de lignée C57BL</term>
<term>Test ELISA</term>
<term>Échappement immunitaire (physiologie)</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" type="chemical" qualifier="immunology" xml:lang="en"><term>Endonucleases</term>
<term>Viral Proteins</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="enzymologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Coronaviridae</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="enzymology" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronaviridae</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Coronaviridae</term>
<term>Endonucleases</term>
<term>Immunité innée</term>
<term>Infections à coronavirus</term>
<term>Interactions hôte-pathogène</term>
<term>Protéines virales</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="immunology" xml:lang="en"><term>Coronaviridae</term>
<term>Coronavirus Infections</term>
<term>Host-Pathogen Interactions</term>
<term>Immunity, Innate</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiologie" xml:lang="fr"><term>Échappement immunitaire</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" qualifier="physiology" xml:lang="en"><term>Immune Evasion</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="en"><term>Animals</term>
<term>Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay</term>
<term>Flow Cytometry</term>
<term>Humans</term>
<term>Mice</term>
<term>Mice, Inbred C57BL</term>
<term>Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction</term>
</keywords>
<keywords scheme="MESH" xml:lang="fr"><term>Animaux</term>
<term>Cytométrie en flux</term>
<term>Humains</term>
<term>Réaction de polymérisation en chaine en temps réel</term>
<term>Souris</term>
<term>Souris de lignée C57BL</term>
<term>Test ELISA</term>
</keywords>
</textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Coronaviruses are of veterinary and medical importance and include highly pathogenic zoonotic viruses, such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. They are known to efficiently evade early innate immune responses, manifesting in almost negligible expression of type-I interferons (IFN-I). This evasion strategy suggests an evolutionary conserved viral function that has evolved to prevent RNA-based sensing of infection in vertebrate hosts. Here we show that the coronavirus endonuclease (EndoU) activity is key to prevent early induction of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) host cell responses. Replication of EndoU-deficient coronaviruses is greatly attenuated in vivo and severely restricted in primary cells even during the early phase of the infection. In macrophages we found immediate induction of IFN-I expression and RNase L-mediated breakdown of ribosomal RNA. Accordingly, EndoU-deficient viruses can retain replication only in cells that are deficient in IFN-I expression or sensing, and in cells lacking both RNase L and PKR. Collectively our results demonstrate that the coronavirus EndoU efficiently prevents simultaneous activation of host cell dsRNA sensors, such as Mda5, OAS and PKR. The localization of the EndoU activity at the site of viral RNA synthesis-within the replicase complex-suggests that coronaviruses have evolved a viral RNA decay pathway to evade early innate and intrinsic antiviral host cell responses.</div>
</front>
</TEI>
<pubmed><MedlineCitation Status="MEDLINE" Owner="NLM"><PMID Version="1">28158275</PMID>
<DateCompleted><Year>2017</Year>
<Month>06</Month>
<Day>23</Day>
</DateCompleted>
<DateRevised><Year>2019</Year>
<Month>08</Month>
<Day>16</Day>
</DateRevised>
<Article PubModel="Electronic-eCollection"><Journal><ISSN IssnType="Electronic">1553-7374</ISSN>
<JournalIssue CitedMedium="Internet"><Volume>13</Volume>
<Issue>2</Issue>
<PubDate><Year>2017</Year>
<Month>02</Month>
</PubDate>
</JournalIssue>
<Title>PLoS pathogens</Title>
<ISOAbbreviation>PLoS Pathog.</ISOAbbreviation>
</Journal>
<ArticleTitle>Early endonuclease-mediated evasion of RNA sensing ensures efficient coronavirus replication.</ArticleTitle>
<Pagination><MedlinePgn>e1006195</MedlinePgn>
</Pagination>
<ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1371/journal.ppat.1006195</ELocationID>
<Abstract><AbstractText>Coronaviruses are of veterinary and medical importance and include highly pathogenic zoonotic viruses, such as SARS-CoV and MERS-CoV. They are known to efficiently evade early innate immune responses, manifesting in almost negligible expression of type-I interferons (IFN-I). This evasion strategy suggests an evolutionary conserved viral function that has evolved to prevent RNA-based sensing of infection in vertebrate hosts. Here we show that the coronavirus endonuclease (EndoU) activity is key to prevent early induction of double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) host cell responses. Replication of EndoU-deficient coronaviruses is greatly attenuated in vivo and severely restricted in primary cells even during the early phase of the infection. In macrophages we found immediate induction of IFN-I expression and RNase L-mediated breakdown of ribosomal RNA. Accordingly, EndoU-deficient viruses can retain replication only in cells that are deficient in IFN-I expression or sensing, and in cells lacking both RNase L and PKR. Collectively our results demonstrate that the coronavirus EndoU efficiently prevents simultaneous activation of host cell dsRNA sensors, such as Mda5, OAS and PKR. The localization of the EndoU activity at the site of viral RNA synthesis-within the replicase complex-suggests that coronaviruses have evolved a viral RNA decay pathway to evade early innate and intrinsic antiviral host cell responses.</AbstractText>
</Abstract>
<AuthorList CompleteYN="Y"><Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kindler</LastName>
<ForeName>Eveline</ForeName>
<Initials>E</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Federal Department of Home Affairs, Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern and Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gil-Cruz</LastName>
<ForeName>Cristina</ForeName>
<Initials>C</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Spanier</LastName>
<ForeName>Julia</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Li</LastName>
<ForeName>Yize</ForeName>
<Initials>Y</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Wilhelm</LastName>
<ForeName>Jochen</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Universities Giessen & Marburg Lung Center (UGMLC), Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung (DZL), Giessen, Germany.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Rabouw</LastName>
<ForeName>Huib H</ForeName>
<Initials>HH</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Züst</LastName>
<ForeName>Roland</ForeName>
<Initials>R</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Singapore Immunology Network, Singapore.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Hwang</LastName>
<ForeName>Mihyun</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0003-2639-0265</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>V'kovski</LastName>
<ForeName>Philip</ForeName>
<Initials>P</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-8366-1220</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Federal Department of Home Affairs, Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern and Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Graduate School for Biomedical Science, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Stalder</LastName>
<ForeName>Hanspeter</ForeName>
<Initials>H</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0003-0763-6469</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Federal Department of Home Affairs, Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern and Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Marti</LastName>
<ForeName>Sabrina</ForeName>
<Initials>S</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Federal Department of Home Affairs, Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern and Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Habjan</LastName>
<ForeName>Matthias</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Max-Planck-Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Cervantes-Barragan</LastName>
<ForeName>Luisa</ForeName>
<Initials>L</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Elliot</LastName>
<ForeName>Ruth</ForeName>
<Initials>R</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Karl</LastName>
<ForeName>Nadja</ForeName>
<Initials>N</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute for Medical Virology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Gaughan</LastName>
<ForeName>Christina</ForeName>
<Initials>C</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>van Kuppeveld</LastName>
<ForeName>Frank J M</ForeName>
<Initials>FJ</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0001-5800-749X</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Virology Division, Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Silverman</LastName>
<ForeName>Robert H</ForeName>
<Initials>RH</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Keller</LastName>
<ForeName>Markus</ForeName>
<Initials>M</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Novel and Emerging Infectious Diseases, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ludewig</LastName>
<ForeName>Burkhard</ForeName>
<Initials>B</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute of Immunobiology, Kantonsspital St.Gallen, St.Gallen, Switzerland.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Bergmann</LastName>
<ForeName>Cornelia C</ForeName>
<Initials>CC</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Neurosciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, Ohio, United States of America.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Ziebuhr</LastName>
<ForeName>John</ForeName>
<Initials>J</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute for Medical Virology, Justus-Liebig-University, Giessen, Germany.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Weiss</LastName>
<ForeName>Susan R</ForeName>
<Initials>SR</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-8155-4528</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Microbiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Kalinke</LastName>
<ForeName>Ulrich</ForeName>
<Initials>U</Initials>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Institute for Experimental Infection Research, TWINCORE, Centre for Experimental and Clinical Infection Research, a joint venture between the Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research and the Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
<Author ValidYN="Y"><LastName>Thiel</LastName>
<ForeName>Volker</ForeName>
<Initials>V</Initials>
<Identifier Source="ORCID">0000-0002-5783-0887</Identifier>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Department of Infectious Diseases and Pathobiology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
<AffiliationInfo><Affiliation>Federal Department of Home Affairs, Institute of Virology and Immunology, Bern and Mittelhäusern, Switzerland.</Affiliation>
</AffiliationInfo>
</Author>
</AuthorList>
<Language>eng</Language>
<GrantList CompleteYN="Y"><Grant><GrantID>R01 AI104887</GrantID>
<Acronym>AI</Acronym>
<Agency>NIAID NIH HHS</Agency>
<Country>United States</Country>
</Grant>
<Grant><GrantID>R01 NS081008</GrantID>
<Acronym>NS</Acronym>
<Agency>NINDS NIH HHS</Agency>
<Country>United States</Country>
</Grant>
<Grant><GrantID>R01 CA044059</GrantID>
<Acronym>CA</Acronym>
<Agency>NCI NIH HHS</Agency>
<Country>United States</Country>
</Grant>
</GrantList>
<PublicationTypeList><PublicationType UI="D016428">Journal Article</PublicationType>
<PublicationType UI="D052061">Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural</PublicationType>
<PublicationType UI="D013485">Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't</PublicationType>
</PublicationTypeList>
<ArticleDate DateType="Electronic"><Year>2017</Year>
<Month>02</Month>
<Day>03</Day>
</ArticleDate>
</Article>
<MedlineJournalInfo><Country>United States</Country>
<MedlineTA>PLoS Pathog</MedlineTA>
<NlmUniqueID>101238921</NlmUniqueID>
<ISSNLinking>1553-7366</ISSNLinking>
</MedlineJournalInfo>
<ChemicalList><Chemical><RegistryNumber>0</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D014764">Viral Proteins</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
<Chemical><RegistryNumber>EC 3.1.-</RegistryNumber>
<NameOfSubstance UI="D004720">Endonucleases</NameOfSubstance>
</Chemical>
</ChemicalList>
<CitationSubset>IM</CitationSubset>
<MeshHeadingList><MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D000818" MajorTopicYN="N">Animals</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D003332" MajorTopicYN="N">Coronaviridae</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000201" MajorTopicYN="Y">enzymology</QualifierName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="N">immunology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D018352" MajorTopicYN="N">Coronavirus Infections</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="Y">immunology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004720" MajorTopicYN="N">Endonucleases</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="Y">immunology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D004797" MajorTopicYN="N">Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D005434" MajorTopicYN="N">Flow Cytometry</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D054884" MajorTopicYN="N">Host-Pathogen Interactions</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="N">immunology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D006801" MajorTopicYN="N">Humans</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D057131" MajorTopicYN="N">Immune Evasion</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000502" MajorTopicYN="Y">physiology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D007113" MajorTopicYN="N">Immunity, Innate</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="N">immunology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D051379" MajorTopicYN="N">Mice</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D008810" MajorTopicYN="N">Mice, Inbred C57BL</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D060888" MajorTopicYN="N">Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction</DescriptorName>
</MeshHeading>
<MeshHeading><DescriptorName UI="D014764" MajorTopicYN="N">Viral Proteins</DescriptorName>
<QualifierName UI="Q000276" MajorTopicYN="Y">immunology</QualifierName>
</MeshHeading>
</MeshHeadingList>
</MedlineCitation>
<PubmedData><History><PubMedPubDate PubStatus="received"><Year>2016</Year>
<Month>07</Month>
<Day>29</Day>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="accepted"><Year>2017</Year>
<Month>01</Month>
<Day>20</Day>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="revised"><Year>2017</Year>
<Month>02</Month>
<Day>15</Day>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="pubmed"><Year>2017</Year>
<Month>2</Month>
<Day>6</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="medline"><Year>2017</Year>
<Month>6</Month>
<Day>24</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
<PubMedPubDate PubStatus="entrez"><Year>2017</Year>
<Month>2</Month>
<Day>4</Day>
<Hour>6</Hour>
<Minute>0</Minute>
</PubMedPubDate>
</History>
<PublicationStatus>epublish</PublicationStatus>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">28158275</ArticleId>
<ArticleId IdType="doi">10.1371/journal.ppat.1006195</ArticleId>
<ArticleId IdType="pii">PPATHOGENS-D-16-01691</ArticleId>
<ArticleId IdType="pmc">PMC5310923</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
<ReferenceList><Reference><Citation>J Virol. 2009 Oct;83(20):10761-9</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">19656871</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Virol. 2012 Apr;86(8):4294-304</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">22301153</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Nat Immunol. 2011 Feb;12 (2):137-43</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">21217758</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Virol. 2016 Jan 06;90(6):3160-72</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26739051</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Virology. 1999 Jun 5;258(2):435-40</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">10366581</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Mol Biol. 2003 Aug 29;331(5):991-1004</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">12927536</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Gen Virol. 1997 Nov;78 ( Pt 11):2789-94</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">9367364</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>FEBS Lett. 2013 Jan 16;587(2):156-64</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">23196181</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Exp Mol Med. 2015 Mar 06;47:e144</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">25744296</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Virus Res. 2014 Dec 19;194:184-90</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">24512893</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Cell Host Microbe. 2016 Feb 10;19(2):142-9</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26867173</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Aug 22;103(34):12885-90</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">16912115</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Biochimie. 1996;78(11-12):909-14</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">9150867</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Genome Biol. 2002 Jun 18;3(7):RESEARCH0034</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">12184808</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Immunol. 2009 Jan 15;182(2):1099-106</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">19124753</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Virus Res. 2012 Aug;167(2):247-58</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">22617024</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Virol. 2007 Nov;81(22):12135-44</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">17804504</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Virol. 2002 Apr;76(8):3697-708</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">11907209</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>MBio. 2011 Jun 14;2(3):e00077-11</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">21673192</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Virol. 1999 Jul;73(7):5957-69</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">10364348</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Virol. 1983 Jun;46(3):1051-5</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">6190010</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2006 Aug 8;103(32):11892-7</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">16882730</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>PLoS Pathog. 2011 Sep;7(9):e1002215</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">21931546</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Virol. 2006 Aug;80(16):7909-17</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">16873248</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Virus Res. 2015 Apr 16;202:89-100</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">25432065</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Virol. 2005 Mar;79(5):3097-106</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">15709029</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>RNA Biol. 2011 Mar-Apr;8(2):295-304</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">21422822</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2004 Aug 24;101(34):12694-9</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">15304651</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012 Jun 12;109(24):9372-7</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">22635272</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Exp Med. 2008 Jul 7;205(7):1601-10</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">18591409</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Immunol. 2009 Dec 15;183(12 ):8035-43</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">19923450</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Virol. 2007 Jul;81(13):7189-99</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">17459917</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Curr Opin Struct Biol. 2011 Feb;21(1):119-27</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">21145228</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Blood. 2007 Feb 1;109(3):1131-7</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">16985170</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Cell Host Microbe. 2012 Jun 14;11(6):607-16</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">22704621</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Cell Host Microbe. 2016 Feb 10;19(2):181-93</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26867177</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Virol. 2007 Jan;81(2):568-74</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">17079305</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Biol Chem. 2003 Apr 11;278(15):13026-32</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">12571235</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>RNA Biol. 2011 Mar-Apr;8(2):270-9</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">21593585</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>MBio. 2016 Mar 29;7(2):e00258</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">27025250</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>MBio. 2010 Oct 19;1(4):null</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">20978536</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>PLoS Biol. 2008 Sep 16;6(9):e226</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">18798692</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Med Virol. 2006 Jan;78(1):74-82</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">16299717</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Gen Virol. 2001 Jun;82(Pt 6):1273-81</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">11369870</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Virol. 2008 Oct;82(20):9829-38</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">18667505</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2015 Mar 31;112(13):3949-54</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">25775560</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Methods Mol Biol. 2008;454:237-54</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">19057873</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>PLoS Pathog. 2011 Oct;7(10):e1002339</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">22046136</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>EMBO J. 1997 Nov 3;16(21):6355-63</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">9351818</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Virol. 2002 May;76(9):4350-6</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">11932401</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Virology. 1998 Mar 15;242(2):288-302</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">9514967</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Virol. 2010 May;84(9):4619-29</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">20181693</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Virol. 2013 Aug;87(15):8408-18</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">23698313</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Annu Rev Immunol. 2014;32:513-45</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">24555472</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Virol. 1992 Apr;66(4):2564-9</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">1548781</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Virol. 2012 Sep;86(17):9527-30</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">22740404</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Cell Host Microbe. 2015 Mar 11;17 (3):320-31</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">25766293</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Virology. 2009 Feb 5;384(1):216-22</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">19056102</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Virol. 2004 Nov;78(22):12218-24</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">15507608</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Nature. 2010 Nov 18;468(7322):452-6</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">21085181</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>MBio. 2013 Feb 19;4(1):e00611-12</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">23422412</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>J Virol. 2007 Dec;81(24):13587-97</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">17898055</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Virology. 2015 May;479-480:600-8</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">25721579</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Cell Host Microbe. 2015 Mar 11;17(3):332-44</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">25766294</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
<Reference><Citation>Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2016 Feb 23;113(8):2241-6</Citation>
<ArticleIdList><ArticleId IdType="pubmed">26858407</ArticleId>
</ArticleIdList>
</Reference>
</ReferenceList>
</PubmedData>
</pubmed>
<affiliations><list><country><li>Allemagne</li>
<li>Pays-Bas</li>
<li>Singapour</li>
<li>Suisse</li>
<li>États-Unis</li>
</country>
<region><li>Basse-Saxe</li>
<li>Canton de Berne</li>
<li>Missouri (État)</li>
<li>Ohio</li>
<li>Pennsylvanie</li>
<li>Utrecht (province)</li>
</region>
<settlement><li>Berne</li>
<li>Hanovre</li>
<li>Saint-Louis (Missouri)</li>
<li>Utrecht</li>
</settlement>
<orgName><li>Université d'Utrecht</li>
<li>Université de Berne</li>
<li>École de médecine (Université Washington de Saint-Louis)</li>
</orgName>
</list>
<tree><country name="Suisse"><region name="Canton de Berne"><name sortKey="Kindler, Eveline" sort="Kindler, Eveline" uniqKey="Kindler E" first="Eveline" last="Kindler">Eveline Kindler</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Gil Cruz, Cristina" sort="Gil Cruz, Cristina" uniqKey="Gil Cruz C" first="Cristina" last="Gil-Cruz">Cristina Gil-Cruz</name>
<name sortKey="Ludewig, Burkhard" sort="Ludewig, Burkhard" uniqKey="Ludewig B" first="Burkhard" last="Ludewig">Burkhard Ludewig</name>
<name sortKey="Marti, Sabrina" sort="Marti, Sabrina" uniqKey="Marti S" first="Sabrina" last="Marti">Sabrina Marti</name>
<name sortKey="Stalder, Hanspeter" sort="Stalder, Hanspeter" uniqKey="Stalder H" first="Hanspeter" last="Stalder">Hanspeter Stalder</name>
<name sortKey="Thiel, Volker" sort="Thiel, Volker" uniqKey="Thiel V" first="Volker" last="Thiel">Volker Thiel</name>
<name sortKey="V Kovski, Philip" sort="V Kovski, Philip" uniqKey="V Kovski P" first="Philip" last="V'Kovski">Philip V'Kovski</name>
</country>
<country name="Allemagne"><region name="Basse-Saxe"><name sortKey="Spanier, Julia" sort="Spanier, Julia" uniqKey="Spanier J" first="Julia" last="Spanier">Julia Spanier</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Habjan, Matthias" sort="Habjan, Matthias" uniqKey="Habjan M" first="Matthias" last="Habjan">Matthias Habjan</name>
<name sortKey="Kalinke, Ulrich" sort="Kalinke, Ulrich" uniqKey="Kalinke U" first="Ulrich" last="Kalinke">Ulrich Kalinke</name>
<name sortKey="Karl, Nadja" sort="Karl, Nadja" uniqKey="Karl N" first="Nadja" last="Karl">Nadja Karl</name>
<name sortKey="Keller, Markus" sort="Keller, Markus" uniqKey="Keller M" first="Markus" last="Keller">Markus Keller</name>
<name sortKey="Wilhelm, Jochen" sort="Wilhelm, Jochen" uniqKey="Wilhelm J" first="Jochen" last="Wilhelm">Jochen Wilhelm</name>
<name sortKey="Ziebuhr, John" sort="Ziebuhr, John" uniqKey="Ziebuhr J" first="John" last="Ziebuhr">John Ziebuhr</name>
</country>
<country name="États-Unis"><region name="Pennsylvanie"><name sortKey="Li, Yize" sort="Li, Yize" uniqKey="Li Y" first="Yize" last="Li">Yize Li</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Bergmann, Cornelia C" sort="Bergmann, Cornelia C" uniqKey="Bergmann C" first="Cornelia C" last="Bergmann">Cornelia C. Bergmann</name>
<name sortKey="Cervantes Barragan, Luisa" sort="Cervantes Barragan, Luisa" uniqKey="Cervantes Barragan L" first="Luisa" last="Cervantes-Barragan">Luisa Cervantes-Barragan</name>
<name sortKey="Elliot, Ruth" sort="Elliot, Ruth" uniqKey="Elliot R" first="Ruth" last="Elliot">Ruth Elliot</name>
<name sortKey="Gaughan, Christina" sort="Gaughan, Christina" uniqKey="Gaughan C" first="Christina" last="Gaughan">Christina Gaughan</name>
<name sortKey="Hwang, Mihyun" sort="Hwang, Mihyun" uniqKey="Hwang M" first="Mihyun" last="Hwang">Mihyun Hwang</name>
<name sortKey="Silverman, Robert H" sort="Silverman, Robert H" uniqKey="Silverman R" first="Robert H" last="Silverman">Robert H. Silverman</name>
<name sortKey="Weiss, Susan R" sort="Weiss, Susan R" uniqKey="Weiss S" first="Susan R" last="Weiss">Susan R. Weiss</name>
</country>
<country name="Pays-Bas"><region name="Utrecht (province)"><name sortKey="Rabouw, Huib H" sort="Rabouw, Huib H" uniqKey="Rabouw H" first="Huib H" last="Rabouw">Huib H. Rabouw</name>
</region>
<name sortKey="Van Kuppeveld, Frank J M" sort="Van Kuppeveld, Frank J M" uniqKey="Van Kuppeveld F" first="Frank J M" last="Van Kuppeveld">Frank J M. Van Kuppeveld</name>
</country>
<country name="Singapour"><noRegion><name sortKey="Zust, Roland" sort="Zust, Roland" uniqKey="Zust R" first="Roland" last="Züst">Roland Züst</name>
</noRegion>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>

Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)

EXPLOR_STEP=$WICRI_ROOT/Sante/explor/SrasV1/Data/PubMed/Checkpoint

HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_STEP/biblio.hfd -nk 000B32 | SxmlIndent | more

HfdSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/PubMed/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd -nk 000B32 | SxmlIndent | more

Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri

{{Explor lien
   |wiki=    Sante
   |area=    SrasV1
   |flux=    PubMed
   |étape=   Checkpoint
   |type=    RBID
   |clé=     pubmed:28158275
   |texte=   Early endonuclease-mediated evasion of RNA sensing ensures efficient coronavirus replication.
}}

Pour générer des pages wiki

HfdIndexSelect -h $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/PubMed/Checkpoint/RBID.i   -Sk "pubmed:28158275" \
       | HfdSelect -Kh $EXPLOR_AREA/Data/PubMed/Checkpoint/biblio.hfd   \
       | NlmPubMed2Wicri -a SrasV1

This area was generated with Dilib version V0.6.33.
Data generation: Tue Apr 28 14:49:16 2020. Site generation: Sat Mar 27 22:06:49 2021

	Serveur d'exploration SRAS
	Attention, ce site est en cours de développement ! Attention, site généré par des moyens informatiques à partir de corpus bruts. Les informations ne sont donc pas validées.

Serveur d'exploration SRAS

Early endonuclease-mediated evasion of RNA sensing ensures efficient coronavirus replication.

Early endonuclease-mediated evasion of RNA sensing ensures efficient coronavirus replication.

Source :

Descripteurs français

English descriptors

Abstract

Links toward previous steps (curation, corpus...)

Links to Exploration step

Le document en format XML

Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)

Pour mettre un lien sur cette page dans le réseau Wicri

Pour générer des pages wiki