Airborne Infectious Microorganisms☆
Identifieur interne : 000961 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000960; suivant : 000962Airborne Infectious Microorganisms☆
Auteurs : Cristina Gonzalez-MartinSource :
- Encyclopedia of Microbiology ; 2019.
Abstract
Inhalation exposes the upper and lower respiratory tracts of humans to a variety of airborne particles and vapors. Airborne transmission of pathogenic microorganisms to humans from the environment, animals, or other humans can result in disease. Inhalation is an important route of exposure as the lung is more susceptible to infection than the gastrointestinal tract. Ingested microorganisms must pass through the acidic environment of the stomach before they can colonize tissue while inhaled microorganisms are deposited directly on the moist surfaces of the respiratory tract. Inhalation of microbial aerosols can elicit adverse human health effects including infection, allergic reaction, inflammation, and respiratory disease. Following inhalation, infectious viruses, bacteria, and fungi can establish in host cells of the respiratory tract. Some are translocated and infect the gastrointestinal tract and other tissues. This article discusses human viral, bacterial, and fungal diseases transmitted via aerosols. Viral diseases presented are influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), enteric viruses related infections, hantavirus disease, measles, and varicella. Bacterial diseases are Legionnaires’ disease, tuberculosis, and nontubercule mycobacterial disease. Exposure to some Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, endotoxin, and actinomycetes when dispersed through the air can result in disease following inhalation. Fungal diseases included are histoplasmosis, coccidiomycosis, blastomycosis, cryptococcosis, and aspergillosis. The threat of bioterrorism with airborne infectious agents is also briefly presented.
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DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-12-809633-8.13002-X
PubMed: NONE
PubMed Central: 7150194
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Airborne Infectious Microorganisms<xref rid="Art1" ref-type="fn">☆</xref></title><author><name sortKey="Gonzalez Martin, Cristina" sort="Gonzalez Martin, Cristina" uniqKey="Gonzalez Martin C" first="Cristina" last="Gonzalez-Martin">Cristina Gonzalez-Martin</name></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmc">7150194</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7150194</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:7150194</idno><idno type="doi">10.1016/B978-0-12-809633-8.13002-X</idno><idno type="pmid">NONE</idno><date when="2019">2019</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000961</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000961</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000961</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000961</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Airborne Infectious Microorganisms<xref rid="Art1" ref-type="fn">☆</xref></title><author><name sortKey="Gonzalez Martin, Cristina" sort="Gonzalez Martin, Cristina" uniqKey="Gonzalez Martin C" first="Cristina" last="Gonzalez-Martin">Cristina Gonzalez-Martin</name></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Encyclopedia of Microbiology</title><imprint><date when="2019">2019</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>Inhalation exposes the upper and lower respiratory tracts of humans to a variety of airborne particles and vapors. Airborne transmission of pathogenic microorganisms to humans from the environment, animals, or other humans can result in disease. Inhalation is an important route of exposure as the lung is more susceptible to infection than the gastrointestinal tract. Ingested microorganisms must pass through the acidic environment of the stomach before they can colonize tissue while inhaled microorganisms are deposited directly on the moist surfaces of the respiratory tract. Inhalation of microbial aerosols can elicit adverse human health effects including infection, allergic reaction, inflammation, and respiratory disease. Following inhalation, infectious viruses, bacteria, and fungi can establish in host cells of the respiratory tract. Some are translocated and infect the gastrointestinal tract and other tissues. This article discusses human viral, bacterial, and fungal diseases transmitted via aerosols. Viral diseases presented are influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), enteric viruses related infections, hantavirus disease, measles, and varicella. Bacterial diseases are Legionnaires’ disease, tuberculosis, and nontubercule mycobacterial disease. Exposure to some Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, endotoxin, and actinomycetes when dispersed through the air can result in disease following inhalation. Fungal diseases included are histoplasmosis, coccidiomycosis, blastomycosis, cryptococcosis, and aspergillosis. The threat of bioterrorism with airborne infectious agents is also briefly presented.</p></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Awad, A H" uniqKey="Awad A">A.H. Awad</name></author><author><name sortKey="El Gendy, S A" uniqKey="El Gendy S">S.A. 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Encyclopedia of Microbiology</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Encyclopedia of Microbiology</journal-title></journal-title-group></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">7150194</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">B978-0-12-809633-8.13002-X</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/B978-0-12-809633-8.13002-X</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Airborne Infectious Microorganisms<xref rid="Art1" ref-type="fn">☆</xref></article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au0010"><name><surname>Gonzalez-Martin</surname><given-names>Cristina</given-names></name></contrib></contrib-group><aff id="aff1">University Institute of Tropical Diseases and Public Health of the Canary Islands, Canary Islands, Spain</aff><aff id="aff2">University of La Laguna – ULL, Canary Islands, Spain</aff><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="editor"><name><surname>Schmidt</surname><given-names>Thomas M.</given-names></name></contrib></contrib-group><aff>Departments of Internal Medicine and Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, University of Michigan</aff><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>28</day><month>8</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 0 months and 0 days and was based on .</pmc-comment>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><year>2019</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>8</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><fpage>52</fpage><lpage>60</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder>Elsevier Inc.</copyright-holder><license><license-p>Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract id="ab0010"><p>Inhalation exposes the upper and lower respiratory tracts of humans to a variety of airborne particles and vapors. Airborne transmission of pathogenic microorganisms to humans from the environment, animals, or other humans can result in disease. Inhalation is an important route of exposure as the lung is more susceptible to infection than the gastrointestinal tract. Ingested microorganisms must pass through the acidic environment of the stomach before they can colonize tissue while inhaled microorganisms are deposited directly on the moist surfaces of the respiratory tract. Inhalation of microbial aerosols can elicit adverse human health effects including infection, allergic reaction, inflammation, and respiratory disease. Following inhalation, infectious viruses, bacteria, and fungi can establish in host cells of the respiratory tract. Some are translocated and infect the gastrointestinal tract and other tissues. This article discusses human viral, bacterial, and fungal diseases transmitted via aerosols. Viral diseases presented are influenza, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS), enteric viruses related infections, hantavirus disease, measles, and varicella. Bacterial diseases are Legionnaires’ disease, tuberculosis, and nontubercule mycobacterial disease. Exposure to some Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, endotoxin, and actinomycetes when dispersed through the air can result in disease following inhalation. Fungal diseases included are histoplasmosis, coccidiomycosis, blastomycosis, cryptococcosis, and aspergillosis. The threat of bioterrorism with airborne infectious agents is also briefly presented.</p></abstract><kwd-group id="kys0010"><title>Keywords</title><kwd>Airborne infectious bacteria</kwd><kwd>Airborne infectious fungi</kwd><kwd>Airborne infectious viruses</kwd><kwd>Aspergillosis</kwd><kwd>Avian influenza</kwd><kwd>Bioaerosol</kwd><kwd>Bioterrorism</kwd><kwd>Blastomycosis</kwd><kwd>Coccidiomycosis</kwd><kwd>Cryptococcosis</kwd><kwd>Enteric viruses</kwd><kwd>Hantaviruses</kwd><kwd>Histoplasmosis</kwd><kwd>HPS, Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome</kwd><kwd>HVAC, Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning</kwd><kwd>Infectious microorganisms</kwd><kwd>Influenza</kwd><kwd>Legionnaires’ disease</kwd><kwd>Measles</kwd><kwd>MERS, Middle East Respiratory Syndrome</kwd><kwd>MERS-CoV, MERS – Associated coronavirus</kwd><kwd><italic>Nocardia</italic></kwd><kwd>Norwalk-like viruses</kwd><kwd>SARS, Severe acute respiratory syndrome</kwd><kwd>SARS-CoV, SARS-associated Coronavirus</kwd><kwd>Severe acute respiratory syndrome</kwd><kwd>Smallpox</kwd><kwd>Tuberculosis</kwd><kwd>Varicella</kwd><kwd>WMD, weapons of mass destruction</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front></pmc></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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