Productive replication of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in monocyte-derived dendritic cells modulates innate immune response
Identifieur interne : 000930 ( Pmc/Curation ); précédent : 000929; suivant : 000931Productive replication of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in monocyte-derived dendritic cells modulates innate immune response
Auteurs : Hin Chu [République populaire de Chine] ; Jie Zhou [République populaire de Chine] ; Bosco Ho-Yin Wong [République populaire de Chine] ; Cun Li [République populaire de Chine] ; Zhong-Shan Cheng [République populaire de Chine] ; Xiang Lin [République populaire de Chine] ; Vincent Kwok-Man Poon [République populaire de Chine] ; Tianhao Sun [République populaire de Chine] ; Candy Choi-Yi Lau [République populaire de Chine] ; Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan [République populaire de Chine] ; Kelvin Kai-Wang To [République populaire de Chine] ; Kwok-Hung Chan [République populaire de Chine] ; Liwei Lu [République populaire de Chine] ; Bo-Jian Zheng [République populaire de Chine] ; Kwok-Yung Yuen [République populaire de Chine]Source :
- Virology [ 0042-6822 ] ; 2014.
Abstract
The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) closely resembled severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in disease manifestation as rapidly progressive acute pneumonia with multi-organ dysfunction. Using monocyte-derived-dendritic cells (Mo-DCs), we discovered fundamental discrepancies in the outcome of MERS‐CoV‐ and SARS-CoV-infection. First, MERS-CoV productively infected Mo-DCs while SARS-CoV-infection was abortive. Second, MERS-CoV induced significantly higher levels of IFN-γ, IP-10, IL-12, and RANTES expression than SARS-CoV. Third, MERS-CoV-infection induced higher surface expression of MHC class II (HLA-DR) and the co-stimulatory molecule CD86 than SARS-CoV-infection. Overall, our data suggests that the dendritic cell can serve as an important target of viral replication and a vehicle for dissemination. MERS-CoV-infection in DCs results in the production of a rich combination of cytokines and chemokines, and modulates innate immune response differently from that of SARS-CoV-infection. Our findings may help to explain the apparent discrepancy in the pathogenicity between MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV.
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2014.02.018
PubMed: 24725946
PubMed Central: 7111975
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<author><name sortKey="Choi Yi Lau, Candy" sort="Choi Yi Lau, Candy" uniqKey="Choi Yi Lau C" first="Candy" last="Choi-Yi Lau">Candy Choi-Yi Lau</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Fuk Woo Chan, Jasper" sort="Fuk Woo Chan, Jasper" uniqKey="Fuk Woo Chan J" first="Jasper" last="Fuk-Woo Chan">Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Lu, Liwei" sort="Lu, Liwei" uniqKey="Lu L" first="Liwei" last="Lu">Liwei Lu</name>
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<sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Productive replication of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in monocyte-derived dendritic cells modulates innate immune response</title>
<author><name sortKey="Chu, Hin" sort="Chu, Hin" uniqKey="Chu H" first="Hin" last="Chu">Hin Chu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff0005">Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China</nlm:aff>
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<wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Zhou, Jie" sort="Zhou, Jie" uniqKey="Zhou J" first="Jie" last="Zhou">Jie Zhou</name>
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<wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:regionArea>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff0010">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China</nlm:aff>
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<wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff0015">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China</nlm:aff>
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<author><name sortKey="Ho Yin Wong, Bosco" sort="Ho Yin Wong, Bosco" uniqKey="Ho Yin Wong B" first="Bosco" last="Ho-Yin Wong">Bosco Ho-Yin Wong</name>
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<wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Li, Cun" sort="Li, Cun" uniqKey="Li C" first="Cun" last="Li">Cun Li</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Cheng, Zhong Shan" sort="Cheng, Zhong Shan" uniqKey="Cheng Z" first="Zhong-Shan" last="Cheng">Zhong-Shan Cheng</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Lin, Xiang" sort="Lin, Xiang" uniqKey="Lin X" first="Xiang" last="Lin">Xiang Lin</name>
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<author><name sortKey="Kwok Man Poon, Vincent" sort="Kwok Man Poon, Vincent" uniqKey="Kwok Man Poon V" first="Vincent" last="Kwok-Man Poon">Vincent Kwok-Man Poon</name>
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<wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Sun, Tianhao" sort="Sun, Tianhao" uniqKey="Sun T" first="Tianhao" last="Sun">Tianhao Sun</name>
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<wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Choi Yi Lau, Candy" sort="Choi Yi Lau, Candy" uniqKey="Choi Yi Lau C" first="Candy" last="Choi-Yi Lau">Candy Choi-Yi Lau</name>
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<wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Fuk Woo Chan, Jasper" sort="Fuk Woo Chan, Jasper" uniqKey="Fuk Woo Chan J" first="Jasper" last="Fuk-Woo Chan">Jasper Fuk-Woo Chan</name>
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<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff0010">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China</nlm:aff>
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<wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff0015">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff0020">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Kai Wang To, Kelvin" sort="Kai Wang To, Kelvin" uniqKey="Kai Wang To K" first="Kelvin" last="Kai-Wang To">Kelvin Kai-Wang To</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff0005">Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff0010">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff0015">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff0020">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
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<author><name sortKey="Chan, Kwok Hung" sort="Chan, Kwok Hung" uniqKey="Chan K" first="Kwok-Hung" last="Chan">Kwok-Hung Chan</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff0005">Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Lu, Liwei" sort="Lu, Liwei" uniqKey="Lu L" first="Liwei" last="Lu">Liwei Lu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff0025">Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zheng, Bo Jian" sort="Zheng, Bo Jian" uniqKey="Zheng B" first="Bo-Jian" last="Zheng">Bo-Jian Zheng</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff0005">Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff0010">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff0015">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff0020">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:regionArea>
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<author><name sortKey="Yuen, Kwok Yung" sort="Yuen, Kwok Yung" uniqKey="Yuen K" first="Kwok-Yung" last="Yuen">Kwok-Yung Yuen</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff0005">Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:regionArea>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff0010">State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:regionArea>
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<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff0015">Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:regionArea>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff0020">Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region</wicri:regionArea>
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</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Virology</title>
<idno type="ISSN">0042-6822</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">1096-0341</idno>
<imprint><date when="2014">2014</date>
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</series>
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<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) closely resembled severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in disease manifestation as rapidly progressive acute pneumonia with multi-organ dysfunction. Using monocyte-derived-dendritic cells (Mo-DCs), we discovered fundamental discrepancies in the outcome of MERS‐CoV‐ and SARS-CoV-infection. First, MERS-CoV productively infected Mo-DCs while SARS-CoV-infection was abortive. Second, MERS-CoV induced significantly higher levels of IFN-γ, IP-10, IL-12, and RANTES expression than SARS-CoV. Third, MERS-CoV-infection induced higher surface expression of MHC class II (HLA-DR) and the co-stimulatory molecule CD86 than SARS-CoV-infection. Overall, our data suggests that the dendritic cell can serve as an important target of viral replication and a vehicle for dissemination. MERS-CoV-infection in DCs results in the production of a rich combination of cytokines and chemokines, and modulates innate immune response differently from that of SARS-CoV-infection. Our findings may help to explain the apparent discrepancy in the pathogenicity between MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV.</p>
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<pmc article-type="brief-report"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Virology</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Virology</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Virology</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">0042-6822</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">1096-0341</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Elsevier Inc.</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">24725946</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">7111975</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">S0042-6822(14)00062-2</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/j.virol.2014.02.018</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>Productive replication of Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus in monocyte-derived dendritic cells modulates innate immune response</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" id="au0005"><name><surname>Chu</surname>
<given-names>Hin</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff0005" ref-type="aff">a</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="au0010"><name><surname>Zhou</surname>
<given-names>Jie</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff0005" ref-type="aff">a</xref>
<xref rid="aff0010" ref-type="aff">b</xref>
<xref rid="aff0015" ref-type="aff">c</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="au0015"><name><surname>Ho-Yin Wong</surname>
<given-names>Bosco</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff0005" ref-type="aff">a</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="au0020"><name><surname>Li</surname>
<given-names>Cun</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff0005" ref-type="aff">a</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="au0025"><name><surname>Cheng</surname>
<given-names>Zhong-Shan</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff0005" ref-type="aff">a</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="au0030"><name><surname>Lin</surname>
<given-names>Xiang</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff0025" ref-type="aff">e</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="au0035"><name><surname>Kwok-Man Poon</surname>
<given-names>Vincent</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff0005" ref-type="aff">a</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="au0040"><name><surname>Sun</surname>
<given-names>Tianhao</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff0005" ref-type="aff">a</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="au0045"><name><surname>Choi-Yi Lau</surname>
<given-names>Candy</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff0005" ref-type="aff">a</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="au0050"><name><surname>Fuk-Woo Chan</surname>
<given-names>Jasper</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff0005" ref-type="aff">a</xref>
<xref rid="aff0010" ref-type="aff">b</xref>
<xref rid="aff0015" ref-type="aff">c</xref>
<xref rid="aff0020" ref-type="aff">d</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="au0055"><name><surname>Kai-Wang To</surname>
<given-names>Kelvin</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff0005" ref-type="aff">a</xref>
<xref rid="aff0010" ref-type="aff">b</xref>
<xref rid="aff0015" ref-type="aff">c</xref>
<xref rid="aff0020" ref-type="aff">d</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="au0060"><name><surname>Chan</surname>
<given-names>Kwok-Hung</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff0005" ref-type="aff">a</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="au0065"><name><surname>Lu</surname>
<given-names>Liwei</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff0025" ref-type="aff">e</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="au0070"><name><surname>Zheng</surname>
<given-names>Bo-Jian</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff0005" ref-type="aff">a</xref>
<xref rid="aff0010" ref-type="aff">b</xref>
<xref rid="aff0015" ref-type="aff">c</xref>
<xref rid="aff0020" ref-type="aff">d</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author" id="au0075"><name><surname>Yuen</surname>
<given-names>Kwok-Yung</given-names>
</name>
<email>kyyuen@hkucc.hku.hk</email>
<xref rid="aff0005" ref-type="aff">a</xref>
<xref rid="aff0010" ref-type="aff">b</xref>
<xref rid="aff0015" ref-type="aff">c</xref>
<xref rid="aff0020" ref-type="aff">d</xref>
<xref rid="cor1" ref-type="corresp">⁎</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff0005"><label>a</label>
Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China</aff>
<aff id="aff0010"><label>b</label>
State Key Laboratory of Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China</aff>
<aff id="aff0015"><label>c</label>
Research Centre of Infection and Immunology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China</aff>
<aff id="aff0020"><label>d</label>
Carol Yu Centre for Infection, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China</aff>
<aff id="aff0025"><label>e</label>
Department of Pathology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><label>⁎</label>
Corresponding author at: Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Department of Microbiology, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, 102 Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China. Tel.: +852 225 548 97; fax: +852 2855 1241. <email>kyyuen@hkucc.hku.hk</email>
</corresp>
<fn id="fn1"><label>1</label>
<p id="ntp0005">These authors contributed equally to the study.</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>7</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 0 months and 0 days and was based on .</pmc-comment>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>4</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>7</day>
<month>3</month>
<year>2014</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>454</volume>
<fpage>197</fpage>
<lpage>205</lpage>
<history><date date-type="received"><day>6</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>2014</year>
</date>
<date date-type="rev-recd"><day>6</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>2014</year>
</date>
<date date-type="accepted"><day>14</day>
<month>2</month>
<year>2014</year>
</date>
</history>
<permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright © 2014 Elsevier Inc.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2014</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>Elsevier Inc.</copyright-holder>
<license><license-p>Since January 2020 Elsevier has created a COVID-19 resource centre with free information in English and Mandarin on the novel coronavirus COVID-19. The COVID-19 resource centre is hosted on Elsevier Connect, the company's public news and information website. Elsevier hereby grants permission to make all its COVID-19-related research that is available on the COVID-19 resource centre - including this research content - immediately available in PubMed Central and other publicly funded repositories, such as the WHO COVID database with rights for unrestricted research re-use and analyses in any form or by any means with acknowledgement of the original source. These permissions are granted for free by Elsevier for as long as the COVID-19 resource centre remains active.</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract id="ab0005"><p>The Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) closely resembled severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV) in disease manifestation as rapidly progressive acute pneumonia with multi-organ dysfunction. Using monocyte-derived-dendritic cells (Mo-DCs), we discovered fundamental discrepancies in the outcome of MERS‐CoV‐ and SARS-CoV-infection. First, MERS-CoV productively infected Mo-DCs while SARS-CoV-infection was abortive. Second, MERS-CoV induced significantly higher levels of IFN-γ, IP-10, IL-12, and RANTES expression than SARS-CoV. Third, MERS-CoV-infection induced higher surface expression of MHC class II (HLA-DR) and the co-stimulatory molecule CD86 than SARS-CoV-infection. Overall, our data suggests that the dendritic cell can serve as an important target of viral replication and a vehicle for dissemination. MERS-CoV-infection in DCs results in the production of a rich combination of cytokines and chemokines, and modulates innate immune response differently from that of SARS-CoV-infection. Our findings may help to explain the apparent discrepancy in the pathogenicity between MERS-CoV and SARS-CoV.</p>
</abstract>
<abstract abstract-type="author-highlights" id="ab0010"><title>Highlights</title>
<p><list list-type="simple" id="li0005"><list-item id="u0005"><label>•</label>
<p id="p0005">MERS-CoV productively infected Mo-DCs while SARS-CoV-infection was abortive.</p>
</list-item>
<list-item id="u0010"><label>•</label>
<p id="p0010">MERS-CoV induced higher levels of IFN-γ, IP-10, IL-12, and RANTES than SARS-CoV.</p>
</list-item>
<list-item id="u0015"><label>•</label>
<p id="p0015">MERS-CoV induced higher surface expression of MHC II and CD86 than SARS-CoV.</p>
</list-item>
</list>
</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group id="keys0005"><title>Keywords</title>
<kwd>MERS-CoV</kwd>
<kwd>SARS-CoV</kwd>
<kwd>Viral replication</kwd>
<kwd>Pathogenesis</kwd>
<kwd>Cytokine and chemokine response</kwd>
<kwd>Antigen-presentation</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
</pmc>
</record>
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