The Structure Analysis and Antigenicity Study of the N Protein of SARS-CoV
Identifieur interne : 001776 ( Pmc/Checkpoint ); précédent : 001775; suivant : 001777The Structure Analysis and Antigenicity Study of the N Protein of SARS-CoV
Auteurs : Jingqiang Wang [République populaire de Chine] ; Jia Ji [République populaire de Chine] ; Jia Ye [République populaire de Chine] ; Xiaoqian Zhao [République populaire de Chine] ; Jie Wen [République populaire de Chine] ; Wei Li [République populaire de Chine] ; Jianfei Hu [République populaire de Chine] ; Dawei Li [République populaire de Chine] ; Min Sun [République populaire de Chine] ; Haipan Zeng [République populaire de Chine] ; Yongwu Hu [République populaire de Chine] ; Xiangjun Tian [République populaire de Chine] ; Xuehai Tan [République populaire de Chine] ; Ningzhi Xu [République populaire de Chine] ; Changqing Zeng [République populaire de Chine] ; Jian Wang [République populaire de Chine] ; Shengli Bi [République populaire de Chine] ; Huanming Yang [République populaire de Chine]Source :
- Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics [ 1672-0229 ] ; 2003.
Abstract
The
Url:
DOI: 10.1016/S1672-0229(03)01018-0
PubMed: 15626344
PubMed Central: 5172421
Affiliations:
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PMC:5172421Le document en format XML
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</author>
<author><name sortKey="Xu, Ningzhi" sort="Xu, Ningzhi" uniqKey="Xu N" first="Ningzhi" last="Xu">Ningzhi Xu</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff0005">Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101300, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101300</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Zeng, Changqing" sort="Zeng, Changqing" uniqKey="Zeng C" first="Changqing" last="Zeng">Changqing Zeng</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff0005">Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101300, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101300</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Wang, Jian" sort="Wang, Jian" uniqKey="Wang J" first="Jian" last="Wang">Jian Wang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff0005">Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101300, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101300</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff0010">James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Zhijiang Campus, Zhejiang University and Hangzhou Genomics Institute, Hangzhou 310008, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Zhijiang Campus, Zhejiang University and Hangzhou Genomics Institute, Hangzhou 310008</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Hangzhou</settlement>
<region type="province">Zhejiang</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Bi, Shengli" sort="Bi, Shengli" uniqKey="Bi S" first="Shengli" last="Bi">Shengli Bi</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff0020">Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
<author><name sortKey="Yang, Huanming" sort="Yang, Huanming" uniqKey="Yang H" first="Huanming" last="Yang">Huanming Yang</name>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff0005">Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101300, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101300</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Pékin</settlement>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
<affiliation wicri:level="1"><nlm:aff id="aff0010">James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Zhijiang Campus, Zhejiang University and Hangzhou Genomics Institute, Hangzhou 310008, China</nlm:aff>
<country xml:lang="fr">République populaire de Chine</country>
<wicri:regionArea>James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Zhijiang Campus, Zhejiang University and Hangzhou Genomics Institute, Hangzhou 310008</wicri:regionArea>
<placeName><settlement type="city">Hangzhou</settlement>
<region type="province">Zhejiang</region>
</placeName>
</affiliation>
</author>
</analytic>
<series><title level="j">Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics</title>
<idno type="ISSN">1672-0229</idno>
<idno type="eISSN">2210-3244</idno>
<imprint><date when="2003">2003</date>
</imprint>
</series>
</biblStruct>
</sourceDesc>
</fileDesc>
<profileDesc><textClass></textClass>
</profileDesc>
</teiHeader>
<front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><p>The <italic>Coronaviridae</italic>
family is characterized by a nucleocapsid that is composed of the genome RNA molecule in combination with the nucleoprotein (N protein) within a virion. The most striking physiochemical feature of the N protein of SARS-CoV is that it is a typical basic protein with a high predicted pI and high hydrophilicity, which is consistent with its function of binding to the ribophosphate backbone of the RNA molecule. The predicted high extent of phosphorylation of the N protein on multiple candidate phosphorylation sites demonstrates that it would be related to important functions, such as RNA-binding and localization to the nucleolus of host cells. Subsequent study shows that there is an SR-rich region in the N protein and this region might be involved in the protein-protein interaction. The abundant antigenic sites predicted in the N protein, as well as experimental evidence with synthesized polypeptides, indicate that the N protein is one of the major antigens of the SARS-CoV. Compared with other viral structural proteins, the low variation rate of the N protein with regards to its size suggests its importance to the survival of the virus.</p>
</div>
</front>
<back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Ksiazek, T G" uniqKey="Ksiazek T">T.G. Ksiazek</name>
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</biblStruct>
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</author>
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<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Wurm, T" uniqKey="Wurm T">T. Wurm</name>
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<biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Kolaskar, A S" uniqKey="Kolaskar A">A.S. Kolaskar</name>
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</listBibl>
</div1>
</back>
</TEI>
<pmc article-type="research-article"><pmc-dir>properties open_access</pmc-dir>
<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Genomics Proteomics Bioinformatics</journal-id>
<journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Genomics Proteomics Bioinformatics</journal-id>
<journal-title-group><journal-title>Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics</journal-title>
</journal-title-group>
<issn pub-type="ppub">1672-0229</issn>
<issn pub-type="epub">2210-3244</issn>
<publisher><publisher-name>Elsevier</publisher-name>
</publisher>
</journal-meta>
<article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">15626344</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5172421</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">S1672-0229(03)01018-0</article-id>
<article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1016/S1672-0229(03)01018-0</article-id>
<article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Invited Article</subject>
</subj-group>
</article-categories>
<title-group><article-title>The Structure Analysis and Antigenicity Study of the N Protein of SARS-CoV</article-title>
</title-group>
<contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>Jingqiang</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff0005" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
<xref rid="aff0010" ref-type="aff">2</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ji</surname>
<given-names>Jia</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff0005" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Ye</surname>
<given-names>Jia</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff0010" ref-type="aff">2</xref>
<xref rid="aff0005" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zhao</surname>
<given-names>Xiaoqian</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff0005" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
<xref rid="fn1" ref-type="fn">*</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wen</surname>
<given-names>Jie</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff0005" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Li</surname>
<given-names>Wei</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff0005" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hu</surname>
<given-names>Jianfei</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff0005" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
<xref rid="aff0015" ref-type="aff">3</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Li</surname>
<given-names>Dawei</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff0005" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Sun</surname>
<given-names>Min</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff0005" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zeng</surname>
<given-names>Haipan</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff0005" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Hu</surname>
<given-names>Yongwu</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff0005" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tian</surname>
<given-names>Xiangjun</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff0005" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
<xref rid="aff0010" ref-type="aff">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Tan</surname>
<given-names>Xuehai</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff0005" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Xu</surname>
<given-names>Ningzhi</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff0005" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Zeng</surname>
<given-names>Changqing</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff0005" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Wang</surname>
<given-names>Jian</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff0005" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
<xref rid="aff0010" ref-type="aff">2</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Bi</surname>
<given-names>Shengli</given-names>
</name>
<xref rid="aff0020" ref-type="aff">4</xref>
</contrib>
<contrib contrib-type="author"><name><surname>Yang</surname>
<given-names>Huanming</given-names>
</name>
<email>yanghm@genomics.org.cn</email>
<xref rid="aff0005" ref-type="aff">1</xref>
<xref rid="aff0010" ref-type="aff">2</xref>
<xref rid="cor1" ref-type="corresp">#</xref>
</contrib>
</contrib-group>
<aff id="aff0005"><label>1</label>
Beijing Genomics Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 101300, China</aff>
<aff id="aff0010"><label>2</label>
James D. Watson Institute of Genome Sciences, Zhijiang Campus, Zhejiang University and Hangzhou Genomics Institute, Hangzhou 310008, China</aff>
<aff id="aff0015"><label>3</label>
College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China</aff>
<aff id="aff0020"><label>4</label>
Center of Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China</aff>
<author-notes><corresp id="cor1"><label>#</label>
Corresponding author. <email>yanghm@genomics.org.cn</email>
</corresp>
<fn id="fn1"><label>*</label>
<p id="ntp0035">These authors contributed equally to this work.</p>
</fn>
</author-notes>
<pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>28</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<pmc-comment> PMC Release delay is 0 months and 0 days and was based on .</pmc-comment>
<pub-date pub-type="ppub"><month>5</month>
<year>2003</year>
</pub-date>
<pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day>
<month>11</month>
<year>2016</year>
</pub-date>
<volume>1</volume>
<issue>2</issue>
<fpage>145</fpage>
<lpage>154</lpage>
<permissions><copyright-statement>.</copyright-statement>
<copyright-year>2003</copyright-year>
<copyright-holder>Beijing Institute of Genomics, the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the Genetics Society of China</copyright-holder>
<license license-type="CC BY-NC-ND" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/"><license-p>This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).</license-p>
</license>
</permissions>
<abstract id="ab0005"><p>The <italic>Coronaviridae</italic>
family is characterized by a nucleocapsid that is composed of the genome RNA molecule in combination with the nucleoprotein (N protein) within a virion. The most striking physiochemical feature of the N protein of SARS-CoV is that it is a typical basic protein with a high predicted pI and high hydrophilicity, which is consistent with its function of binding to the ribophosphate backbone of the RNA molecule. The predicted high extent of phosphorylation of the N protein on multiple candidate phosphorylation sites demonstrates that it would be related to important functions, such as RNA-binding and localization to the nucleolus of host cells. Subsequent study shows that there is an SR-rich region in the N protein and this region might be involved in the protein-protein interaction. The abundant antigenic sites predicted in the N protein, as well as experimental evidence with synthesized polypeptides, indicate that the N protein is one of the major antigens of the SARS-CoV. Compared with other viral structural proteins, the low variation rate of the N protein with regards to its size suggests its importance to the survival of the virus.</p>
</abstract>
<kwd-group id="keys0005"><title>Key words</title>
<kwd>SARS-CoV</kwd>
<kwd>nucleoprotein</kwd>
<kwd>phosphorylation</kwd>
<kwd>SR-rich region</kwd>
<kwd>antigenic sites</kwd>
</kwd-group>
</article-meta>
</front>
<floats-group><fig id="f0005"><label>Fig. 1</label>
<caption><p>The predicted distributions of GC content (A), electric charge (B), hydrophobicity (C) and secondary structure (D) in the N protein of SARS-CoV.</p>
</caption>
<alt-text id="at0005">Fig. 1</alt-text>
<graphic xlink:href="gr1"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="f0010"><label>Fig. 2</label>
<caption><p>The predicted phosphorylation sites on the N protein. We identified 33 potential phosphorylation sites in the N protein, including 22 serines, 8 threonines and 3 tyrosines. The average score of serines are significantly higher than that of the other two. The phosphorylation sites concentrate in the middle of the N protein.</p>
</caption>
<alt-text id="at0010">Fig. 2</alt-text>
<graphic xlink:href="gr2"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="f0015"><label>Fig. 3</label>
<caption><p>The similarity chart of the N protein. Based on multi-alignment of totally nineteen coronavirus N proteins, two conserved regions were found around a.a. 81-140 and a.a. 270-320 (amino acid positions are all referred to the N protein of SARS-CoV, Isolate BJ01). The arrow indicates the most conserved domain, and its sequence and amino acid position are given. In contrast, the two termini of the N protein are more variable, particularly the C- terminal. The figure was generated by Plotcon in the EMBOSS package (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://www.hgmp.mrc.ac.uk/Software/EMBOSS/" id="ir0005">http://www.hgmp.mrc.ac.uk/Software/EMBOSS/</ext-link>
).</p>
</caption>
<alt-text id="at0015">Fig. 3</alt-text>
<graphic xlink:href="gr3"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="f0020"><label>Fig. 4</label>
<caption><p>The possible antigenic sites of the N protein. We have predicted sixteen antigenic sites of the N protein, and found they are clustering in the middle and the C-terminal. There is a strong antigenic site (TALALLLLDR) located around Codons 218-227. In addition, another three strong antigenic sites are detected around Codons 156-166 (AATVLQLPQGT), Codons 347-363 (FKDNVILLNKHIDAYKT) and Codons 389-398 (KQPTVTLLPA).</p>
</caption>
<alt-text id="at0020">Fig. 4</alt-text>
<graphic xlink:href="gr4"></graphic>
</fig>
<fig id="f0025"><label>Fig. 5</label>
<caption><p>The phylogenetic tree based on nineteen coronavirus N proteins. It reveals that SARS-CoV is closer to Group 2 than to Groups 1 and 3. Abbreviations: AIBV: avian infectious bronchitis virus; BCoV: bovine coronavirus; CCoV: canine coronavirus; CECoV: canine enteric coronavirus; ECoV: equine coronavirus; FCoV: feline coronavirus; FIPV: feline infectious peritonitis virus; HCoV-OC43: human coronavirus strain OC43; HCoV-229E: human coronavirus strain 229E; MHV: murine hepatitis virus; PEDV: porcine epidemic diarrhea virus; PHEV: porcine hemagglutmating encephalomyelitis virus; PRCoV: porcine respiratory coronavirus; PTGV: transmissible gastroenteritis virus; PV: puffinosis virus; RCoV: rat coronavirus; RSCoV: Rat sialodacryoadenitis coronavirus; SARS-CoV: human severe acute respiratory syndrome-associated coronavirus isolate BJ01; TCoV: turkey coronavirus.</p>
</caption>
<alt-text id="at0025">Fig. 5</alt-text>
<graphic xlink:href="gr5"></graphic>
</fig>
<table-wrap id="t0005" position="float"><label>Table 1</label>
<caption><p>The Amino Acid Composition of the SARS-CoV N Protein</p>
</caption>
<alt-text id="at0030">Table 1</alt-text>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th></th>
<th align="right">Number</th>
<th align="right">Percentage (%)</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td align="center"><bold>Non-polar, Neutral</bold>
</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center">Ala, A</td>
<td align="right">34</td>
<td align="char">8.06</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center">Phe, F</td>
<td align="right">13</td>
<td align="char">3.08</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center">Gly, G</td>
<td align="right">45</td>
<td align="char">10.66</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center">Ile, I</td>
<td align="right">11</td>
<td align="char">2.61</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center">Leu, L</td>
<td align="right">26</td>
<td align="char">6.16</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center">Met, M</td>
<td align="right">7</td>
<td align="char">1.66</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center">Pro, P</td>
<td align="right">31</td>
<td align="char">7.35</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center">Val, V</td>
<td align="right">11</td>
<td align="char">2.61</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center">Trp, W</td>
<td align="right">5</td>
<td align="char">1.18</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center"><bold>Total</bold>
</td>
<td align="right">183</td>
<td align="char">43.36</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center"><bold>Polar, Neutral</bold>
</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center">Cys, C</td>
<td align="right">0</td>
<td align="char">0.00</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center">Asn. N</td>
<td align="right">25</td>
<td align="char">5.92</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center">Gln, Q</td>
<td align="right">34</td>
<td align="char">8.06</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center">Ser, S</td>
<td align="right">35</td>
<td align="char">8.29</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center">Thr, T</td>
<td align="right">33</td>
<td align="char">7.82</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center">Tyr, Y</td>
<td align="right">11</td>
<td align="char">2.61</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center"><bold>Total</bold>
</td>
<td align="right">138</td>
<td align="char">32.70</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center"><bold>Polar, Positive</bold>
</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center">His, H</td>
<td align="right">5</td>
<td align="char">1.18</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center">Lys, K</td>
<td align="right">29</td>
<td align="char">6.87</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center">Arg, R</td>
<td align="right">31</td>
<td align="char">7.35</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center"><bold>Total</bold>
</td>
<td align="right">65</td>
<td align="char">15.40</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center"><bold>Polar, Negative</bold>
</td>
<td></td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center">Asp, D</td>
<td align="right">22</td>
<td align="char">5.21</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center">Glu, E</td>
<td align="right">14</td>
<td align="char">3.32</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="3"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center"><bold>Total</bold>
</td>
<td align="right">36</td>
<td align="char">8.53</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap id="t0010" position="float"><label>Table 2</label>
<caption><p>The Core Motif of SR-rich Region in the Coronavirus N Protein</p>
</caption>
<alt-text id="at0035">Table 2</alt-text>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th>Coronavirus</th>
<th>Core motif of SR-rich region in the N protein</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td>SARS Coronavirus BJ01</td>
<td><bold>SR</bold>
GGSQAS<bold>SR</bold>
SS<bold>SRSR</bold>
GN<bold>SR</bold>
NSTPGS <bold>SR</bold>
<xref rid="tbl2fnStar" ref-type="table-fn">*</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Murine Hepatitis Virus</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Puffinosis Virus</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Rat Sialodacryoadenitis Coronavirus</td>
<td><bold>SR</bold>
SG<bold>SR</bold>
SQ<bold>SR</bold>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Rat Coronavirus</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Equine Coronavirus</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Bovine Coronavirus</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Porcine Hemagglutinating Encephalomyelitis Virus</td>
<td><bold>SR</bold>
ST<bold>SR</bold>
[A/T]<xref rid="tbl2fn1" ref-type="table-fn">#</xref>
[S/P][<bold>S/N</bold>
]<bold>R</bold>
A[S/P]SAG<bold>SR</bold>
(<bold>SR</bold>
)<xref rid="tbl2fn2" ref-type="table-fn">†</xref>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>HCoV-OC43</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Turkey Coronavirus</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus</td>
<td><bold>S</bold>
(T)<bold>R</bold>
AP<bold>SR</bold>
EG <bold>SR</bold>
{Xn}<xref rid="tbl2fn3" ref-type="table-fn">‡</xref>
<bold>SR</bold>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Porcine Respiratory Coronavirus</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Transmissible Gastroenteritis Virus</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Canine Enteric Coronavirus</td>
<td><bold>SR</bold>
DN<bold>SRS</bold>
[<bold>R/P</bold>
] SQ<bold>SRS</bold>
[<bold>R/Q</bold>
]<bold>SR</bold>
NRSQ<bold>SR</bold>
{Xn}<bold>SR</bold>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Canine Coronavirus</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Feline Infectious Peritonitis Virus</td>
<td><bold>SR</bold>
NN <bold>SR</bold>
SGSQ<bold>SR</bold>
SV<bold>SR</bold>
NRSQ{Xn}<bold>SR</bold>
{Xn}<bold>SR</bold>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Feline Coronavirus</td>
<td></td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Human Coronavirus 229E</td>
<td><bold>SR</bold>
AP<bold>SR</bold>
SQ<bold>SR</bold>
SQ <bold>SR</bold>
{Xn}<bold>SR</bold>
{Xn}<bold>SR</bold>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td colspan="2"><hr></hr>
</td>
</tr>
<tr><td>Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus</td>
<td><bold>SR</bold>
AN<bold>SRSRSR</bold>
{Xn} <bold>SR</bold>
{Xn}<bold>SR</bold>
{Xn}<bold>SR</bold>
{Xn}<bold>SR</bold>
</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot><fn id="tbl2fnStar"><label>*</label>
<p id="ntp0005">Bold letter indicates the marker SR. Normal letter indicates the amino acid between two SRs.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
<table-wrap-foot><fn id="tbl2fn1"><label>#</label>
<p id="ntp0010">Square brackets indicate this position may be occupied by one of the amino acids in them.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
<table-wrap-foot><fn id="tbl2fn2"><label>†</label>
<p id="ntp0015">Round brackets indicate the amino acids in them may occur in some viruses while may not in other viruses.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
<table-wrap-foot><fn id="tbl2fn3"><label>‡</label>
<p id="ntp0020">Curly brackets indicate amino acids between SRs, X indicates any amino acid, and subscript letter n indicates the number of amino acids between SRs.</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap id="t0015" position="float"><label>Table 3</label>
<caption><p>The Predicted Antigenic Sites on the SARS-CoV N Protein</p>
</caption>
<alt-text id="at0040">Table 3</alt-text>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="center">No.</th>
<th align="center">Start Position<xref rid="tbl3fnStar" ref-type="table-fn">*</xref>
</th>
<th align="center">Sequence</th>
<th align="center">End Position</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td align="center">1</td>
<td align="center">52</td>
<td align="center">SWFTALTQ</td>
<td align="center">59</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center">2</td>
<td align="center">69</td>
<td align="center">RGQGVPI</td>
<td align="center">75</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center">3</td>
<td align="center">83</td>
<td align="center">DQIGYYR</td>
<td align="center">89</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center">4</td>
<td align="center">106</td>
<td align="center">SPRWYFYYLG</td>
<td align="center">115</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center">5</td>
<td align="center">118</td>
<td align="center">PEASLPY</td>
<td align="center">124</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center">6</td>
<td align="center">130</td>
<td align="center">GIVWVAT</td>
<td align="center">136</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center">7</td>
<td align="center">156</td>
<td align="center">AATVLQLPQGT</td>
<td align="center">166</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center">8</td>
<td align="center">218</td>
<td align="center">TALALLLLDR</td>
<td align="center">227</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center">9</td>
<td align="center">229</td>
<td align="center">NQLESKVSG</td>
<td align="center">237</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center">10</td>
<td align="center">243</td>
<td align="center">QGQTVTK</td>
<td align="center">249</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center">11</td>
<td align="center">267</td>
<td align="center">KQYNVTQ</td>
<td align="center">273</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center">12</td>
<td align="center">299</td>
<td align="center">YKHWPQIAQFAPSASAF</td>
<td align="center">315</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center">13</td>
<td align="center">323</td>
<td align="center">MEVTPSGTWLTYHGAIK</td>
<td align="center">339</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center">14</td>
<td align="center">347</td>
<td align="center">FKDNVILLNKHIDAYKT</td>
<td align="center">363</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center">15</td>
<td align="center">379</td>
<td align="center">EAQPLPQ</td>
<td align="center">385</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center">16</td>
<td align="center">389</td>
<td align="center">KQPTVTLLPA</td>
<td align="center">398</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot><fn id="tbl3fnStar"><label>*</label>
<p id="ntp0025">amino acid position in the SARS-CoV N protein (BJ01)</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap id="t0020" position="float"><label>Table 4</label>
<caption><p>The Synthesized Peptides Representing the N Protein of SARS-CoV and Their ELISA Result</p>
</caption>
<alt-text id="at0045">Table 4</alt-text>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="center">Peptides Number</th>
<th align="center">Start Position<xref rid="tbl4fnStar" ref-type="table-fn">*</xref>
</th>
<th align="center">Sequence</th>
<th align="center">End Position</th>
<th align="center">ELISA Result</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td align="center">N1</td>
<td align="center">1</td>
<td>MSDNGPQSNQRSAPRITFGGPTD</td>
<td align="center">23</td>
<td align="center">++</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center">N21</td>
<td align="center">21</td>
<td>PTDSTDNNQNGGRNGARPKQRR</td>
<td align="center">42</td>
<td align="center">++</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center">N35</td>
<td align="center">35</td>
<td>GARPKQRRPQGLPNNTASWFTA</td>
<td align="center">56</td>
<td align="center">+</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center">N99</td>
<td align="center">99</td>
<td>DGKMKELSPRWYFYYLGTGPEA</td>
<td align="center">120</td>
<td align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center">N161</td>
<td align="center">161</td>
<td>QLPQGTTLPKGFYAEGSRGGSQ</td>
<td align="center">182</td>
<td align="center">+++</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center">N177</td>
<td align="center">177</td>
<td>SRGGSQASSRSSSRSRGNSRNS</td>
<td align="center">198</td>
<td align="center">++</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center">N196</td>
<td align="center">196</td>
<td>RNSTPGSSRGNSPARMASGGGE</td>
<td align="center">217</td>
<td align="center">-</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center">N215</td>
<td align="center">215</td>
<td>GGETALALLLLDRLNQLESKVSGKG</td>
<td align="center">239</td>
<td align="center">++</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center">N245</td>
<td align="center">245</td>
<td>QTVTKKSAAEASKKPRQKRTATKQ</td>
<td align="center">268</td>
<td align="center">++</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center">N258</td>
<td align="center">258</td>
<td>KPRQKRTATKQYNVTQAFGRRG</td>
<td align="center">279</td>
<td align="center">+</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center">N355</td>
<td align="center">355</td>
<td>NKHIDAYKTFPPTEPKKDKKKK</td>
<td align="center">376</td>
<td align="center">++</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center">N371</td>
<td align="center">371</td>
<td>KDKKKKTDEAQPLPQRQKKQ</td>
<td align="center">390</td>
<td align="center">+++</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center">N385</td>
<td align="center">385</td>
<td>QRQKKQPTVTLLPAADMDDFSRQ</td>
<td align="center">407</td>
<td align="center">++</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center">N401</td>
<td align="center">401</td>
<td>MDDFSRQLQNSMSGASADSTQA</td>
<td align="center">422</td>
<td align="center">-</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<table-wrap-foot><fn id="tbl4fnStar"><label>*</label>
<p id="ntp0030">amino acid position in the SARS-CoV N protein (BJ01)</p>
</fn>
</table-wrap-foot>
</table-wrap>
<table-wrap id="t0025" position="float"><label>Table 5</label>
<caption><p>The Four Substitutions in the N Protein of SARS-CoV</p>
</caption>
<alt-text id="at0050">Table 5</alt-text>
<table frame="hsides" rules="groups"><thead><tr><th align="center">Nt Position in BJ01</th>
<th align="center">a.a. Position in the ORF</th>
<th align="center">a.a. (Ratio)</th>
<th align="center">Synonymous Substitution</th>
</tr>
</thead>
<tbody><tr><td align="center">28,519</td>
<td align="center">140</td>
<td align="center">L(16)/W(1)</td>
<td align="center">No</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center">28,520</td>
<td align="center">140</td>
<td align="center">L(17)</td>
<td align="center">Yes</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center">28,560</td>
<td align="center">154</td>
<td align="center">N(16)/Y(1)</td>
<td align="center">No</td>
</tr>
<tr><td align="center">28,677</td>
<td align="center">193</td>
<td align="center">G(16)/C(1)</td>
<td align="center">No</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
</table-wrap>
</floats-group>
</pmc>
<affiliations><list><country><li>République populaire de Chine</li>
</country>
<region><li>Pékin</li>
<li>Zhejiang</li>
</region>
<settlement><li>Hangzhou</li>
<li>Pékin</li>
</settlement>
<orgName><li>Université de Pékin</li>
</orgName>
</list>
<tree><country name="République populaire de Chine"><noRegion><name sortKey="Wang, Jingqiang" sort="Wang, Jingqiang" uniqKey="Wang J" first="Jingqiang" last="Wang">Jingqiang Wang</name>
</noRegion>
<name sortKey="Bi, Shengli" sort="Bi, Shengli" uniqKey="Bi S" first="Shengli" last="Bi">Shengli Bi</name>
<name sortKey="Hu, Jianfei" sort="Hu, Jianfei" uniqKey="Hu J" first="Jianfei" last="Hu">Jianfei Hu</name>
<name sortKey="Hu, Jianfei" sort="Hu, Jianfei" uniqKey="Hu J" first="Jianfei" last="Hu">Jianfei Hu</name>
<name sortKey="Hu, Yongwu" sort="Hu, Yongwu" uniqKey="Hu Y" first="Yongwu" last="Hu">Yongwu Hu</name>
<name sortKey="Ji, Jia" sort="Ji, Jia" uniqKey="Ji J" first="Jia" last="Ji">Jia Ji</name>
<name sortKey="Li, Dawei" sort="Li, Dawei" uniqKey="Li D" first="Dawei" last="Li">Dawei Li</name>
<name sortKey="Li, Wei" sort="Li, Wei" uniqKey="Li W" first="Wei" last="Li">Wei Li</name>
<name sortKey="Sun, Min" sort="Sun, Min" uniqKey="Sun M" first="Min" last="Sun">Min Sun</name>
<name sortKey="Tan, Xuehai" sort="Tan, Xuehai" uniqKey="Tan X" first="Xuehai" last="Tan">Xuehai Tan</name>
<name sortKey="Tian, Xiangjun" sort="Tian, Xiangjun" uniqKey="Tian X" first="Xiangjun" last="Tian">Xiangjun Tian</name>
<name sortKey="Tian, Xiangjun" sort="Tian, Xiangjun" uniqKey="Tian X" first="Xiangjun" last="Tian">Xiangjun Tian</name>
<name sortKey="Wang, Jian" sort="Wang, Jian" uniqKey="Wang J" first="Jian" last="Wang">Jian Wang</name>
<name sortKey="Wang, Jian" sort="Wang, Jian" uniqKey="Wang J" first="Jian" last="Wang">Jian Wang</name>
<name sortKey="Wang, Jingqiang" sort="Wang, Jingqiang" uniqKey="Wang J" first="Jingqiang" last="Wang">Jingqiang Wang</name>
<name sortKey="Wen, Jie" sort="Wen, Jie" uniqKey="Wen J" first="Jie" last="Wen">Jie Wen</name>
<name sortKey="Xu, Ningzhi" sort="Xu, Ningzhi" uniqKey="Xu N" first="Ningzhi" last="Xu">Ningzhi Xu</name>
<name sortKey="Yang, Huanming" sort="Yang, Huanming" uniqKey="Yang H" first="Huanming" last="Yang">Huanming Yang</name>
<name sortKey="Yang, Huanming" sort="Yang, Huanming" uniqKey="Yang H" first="Huanming" last="Yang">Huanming Yang</name>
<name sortKey="Ye, Jia" sort="Ye, Jia" uniqKey="Ye J" first="Jia" last="Ye">Jia Ye</name>
<name sortKey="Ye, Jia" sort="Ye, Jia" uniqKey="Ye J" first="Jia" last="Ye">Jia Ye</name>
<name sortKey="Zeng, Changqing" sort="Zeng, Changqing" uniqKey="Zeng C" first="Changqing" last="Zeng">Changqing Zeng</name>
<name sortKey="Zeng, Haipan" sort="Zeng, Haipan" uniqKey="Zeng H" first="Haipan" last="Zeng">Haipan Zeng</name>
<name sortKey="Zhao, Xiaoqian" sort="Zhao, Xiaoqian" uniqKey="Zhao X" first="Xiaoqian" last="Zhao">Xiaoqian Zhao</name>
</country>
</tree>
</affiliations>
</record>
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