Securitizing HIV/AIDS: a game changer in state-societal relations in China?
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Auteurs : Catherine Yuk-Ping LoSource :
- Globalization and Health [ 1744-8603 ] ; 2018.
Abstract
China has experienced unprecedented economic growth since the 1980s. Despite this impressive economic development, this growth exists side by side with the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) crises and the persisting deficiencies in public health provision in China. Acknowledging the prevailing health problems, the Chinese government has encouraged the development of health non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to respond to the health challenges and address the gaps in public health provision of the government. HIV/AIDS-focused NGOs have been perceived as the most outstanding civil society group developed in China. Considering the low priority of health policies since the economic reform, the limitation of the “third sector” activity permitted in authoritarian China, together with the political sensitivity of the HIV/AIDS problem in the country, this article aims to explain the proliferation of HIV/AIDS-focused NGOs in China with the usage of the securitization framework in the field of international relations (IR).
The research that underpins this article is based on a desk-based literature review as well as in-depth field interviews with individuals working in HIV/AIDS-focused NGOs in China. Face-to-face interviews for this research were conducted between January and May in 2011, and between December 2016 and January 2017, in China. Discourse analysis was in particular employed in the study of the security-threat framing process (securitization) of HIV/AIDS in China.
This article argues that the proliferation of HIV/AIDS-related NGOs in China is largely attributed to the normative and technical effects of HIV/AIDS securitization ushered in by the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) and supported by the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria (hereinafter Global Fund) observed in China. Despite depicting a positive scenario, the development of HIV/AIDS-focused NGOs in China generated by the international securitization efforts is largely limited. An internal and external factor was identified to verify the argument, namely (1) the reduction of international financial commitments, as well as (2) the fragmentation of HIV/AIDS-focused NGO community in China.
This article shows that international securitization weakened with the rise of Chinese commitment on HIV/AIDS interventions. In other words, HIV/AIDS-related responses delivered by the national government are no longer checked by the global mechanism of HIV/AIDS; thus it is unclear whether these NGOs would remain of interest as partners for the government. The fragmentation of the HIV/AIDS community would further hinder the development, preventing from NGOs with the same interest forming alliances to call for changes in current political environment. Such restriction on the concerted efforts of HIV/AIDS-related NGOs in China would make achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to foster stronger partnerships between the government and civil society difficult, which in turn hindering the realization of ending HIV/AIDS in the world by 2030.
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DOI: 10.1186/s12992-018-0364-7
PubMed: 29769102
PubMed Central: 5956947
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<record><TEI><teiHeader><fileDesc><titleStmt><title xml:lang="en">Securitizing HIV/AIDS: a game changer in state-societal relations in China?</title><author><name sortKey="Lo, Catherine Yuk Ping" sort="Lo, Catherine Yuk Ping" uniqKey="Lo C" first="Catherine Yuk-Ping" last="Lo">Catherine Yuk-Ping Lo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">PMC</idno><idno type="pmid">29769102</idno><idno type="pmc">5956947</idno><idno type="url">http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5956947</idno><idno type="RBID">PMC:5956947</idno><idno type="doi">10.1186/s12992-018-0364-7</idno><date when="2018">2018</date><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Corpus">000382</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Corpus" wicri:corpus="PMC">000382</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Curation">000382</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Curation">000382</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/Pmc/Checkpoint">000523</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="Pmc" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000523</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a" type="main">Securitizing HIV/AIDS: a game changer in state-societal relations in China?</title><author><name sortKey="Lo, Catherine Yuk Ping" sort="Lo, Catherine Yuk Ping" uniqKey="Lo C" first="Catherine Yuk-Ping" last="Lo">Catherine Yuk-Ping Lo</name><affiliation><nlm:aff id="Aff1"></nlm:aff></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j">Globalization and Health</title><idno type="eISSN">1744-8603</idno><imprint><date when="2018">2018</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en"><sec><title>Background</title><p id="Par1">China has experienced unprecedented economic growth since the 1980s. Despite this impressive economic development, this growth exists side by side with the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) crises and the persisting deficiencies in public health provision in China. Acknowledging the prevailing health problems, the Chinese government has encouraged the development of health non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to respond to the health challenges and address the gaps in public health provision of the government. HIV/AIDS-focused NGOs have been perceived as the most outstanding civil society group developed in China. Considering the low priority of health policies since the economic reform, the limitation of the “third sector” activity permitted in authoritarian China, together with the political sensitivity of the HIV/AIDS problem in the country, this article aims to explain the proliferation of HIV/AIDS-focused NGOs in China with the usage of the securitization framework in the field of international relations (IR).</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p id="Par2">The research that underpins this article is based on a desk-based literature review as well as in-depth field interviews with individuals working in HIV/AIDS-focused NGOs in China. Face-to-face interviews for this research were conducted between January and May in 2011, and between December 2016 and January 2017, in China. Discourse analysis was in particular employed in the study of the security-threat framing process (securitization) of HIV/AIDS in China.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p id="Par3">This article argues that the proliferation of HIV/AIDS-related NGOs in China is largely attributed to the normative and technical effects of HIV/AIDS securitization ushered in by the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) and supported by the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria (hereinafter Global Fund) observed in China. Despite depicting a positive scenario, the development of HIV/AIDS-focused NGOs in China generated by the international securitization efforts is largely limited. An internal and external factor was identified to verify the argument, namely (1) the reduction of international financial commitments, as well as (2) the fragmentation of HIV/AIDS-focused NGO community in China.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p id="Par321">This article shows that international securitization weakened with the rise of Chinese commitment on HIV/AIDS interventions. In other words, HIV/AIDS-related responses delivered by the national government are no longer checked by the global mechanism of HIV/AIDS; thus it is unclear whether these NGOs would remain of interest as partners for the government. The fragmentation of the HIV/AIDS community would further hinder the development, preventing from NGOs with the same interest forming alliances to call for changes in current political environment. Such restriction on the concerted efforts of HIV/AIDS-related NGOs in China would make achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to foster stronger partnerships between the government and civil society difficult, which in turn hindering the realization of ending HIV/AIDS in the world by 2030.</p></sec></div></front><back><div1 type="bibliography"><listBibl><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Chow, Gc" uniqKey="Chow G">GC Chow</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Dittmer, L" uniqKey="Dittmer L">L Dittmer</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jakovljevic, Mb" uniqKey="Jakovljevic M">MB Jakovljevic</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Yip, W" uniqKey="Yip W">W Yip</name></author><author><name sortKey="Mahal, A" uniqKey="Mahal A">A Mahal</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Jakovljevic, M" uniqKey="Jakovljevic M">M Jakovljevic</name></author><author><name sortKey="Potapchik, E" uniqKey="Potapchik E">E Potapchik</name></author><author><name sortKey="Popovich, L" uniqKey="Popovich L">L Popovich</name></author><author><name sortKey="Barik, D" uniqKey="Barik D">D Barik</name></author><author><name sortKey="Getzen, T" uniqKey="Getzen T">T Getzen</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Parry, J" uniqKey="Parry J">J Parry</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="Cyp, L" uniqKey="Cyp L">L CYP</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="G Mez, Ej" uniqKey="G Mez E">EJ Gómez</name></author></analytic></biblStruct><biblStruct></biblStruct><biblStruct><analytic><author><name sortKey="G Semyr, Hj" uniqKey="G Semyr H">HJ 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<front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="nlm-ta">Global Health</journal-id><journal-id journal-id-type="iso-abbrev">Global Health</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title>Globalization and Health</journal-title></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="epub">1744-8603</issn><publisher><publisher-name>BioMed Central</publisher-name><publisher-loc>London</publisher-loc></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="pmid">29769102</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="pmc">5956947</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">364</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.1186/s12992-018-0364-7</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Securitizing HIV/AIDS: a game changer in state-societal relations in China?</article-title></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7959-673X</contrib-id><name><surname>Lo</surname><given-names>Catherine Yuk-ping</given-names></name><address><email>catherinelo0331@gmail.com</email></address><xref ref-type="aff" rid="Aff1"></xref></contrib><aff id="Aff1"><institution-wrap><institution-id institution-id-type="ISNI">0000 0004 1792 6846</institution-id><institution-id institution-id-type="GRID">grid.35030.35</institution-id><institution>Southeast Asia Research Centre, College of Liberal Arts and Social Sciences,</institution><institution>City University of Hong Kong,</institution></institution-wrap>83 Tat Chee Avenue, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong</aff></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>16</day><month>5</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="pmc-release"><day>16</day><month>5</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><elocation-id>50</elocation-id><history><date date-type="received"><day>19</day><month>4</month><year>2017</year></date><date date-type="accepted"><day>25</day><month>4</month><year>2018</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement>© The Author(s). 2018</copyright-statement><license license-type="OpenAccess"><license-p><bold>Open Access</bold>This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/">http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/</ext-link>), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (<ext-link ext-link-type="uri" xlink:href="http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/">http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/</ext-link>) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.</license-p></license></permissions><abstract id="Abs1"><sec><title>Background</title><p id="Par1">China has experienced unprecedented economic growth since the 1980s. Despite this impressive economic development, this growth exists side by side with the human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) and severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) crises and the persisting deficiencies in public health provision in China. Acknowledging the prevailing health problems, the Chinese government has encouraged the development of health non-governmental organizations (NGOs) to respond to the health challenges and address the gaps in public health provision of the government. HIV/AIDS-focused NGOs have been perceived as the most outstanding civil society group developed in China. Considering the low priority of health policies since the economic reform, the limitation of the “third sector” activity permitted in authoritarian China, together with the political sensitivity of the HIV/AIDS problem in the country, this article aims to explain the proliferation of HIV/AIDS-focused NGOs in China with the usage of the securitization framework in the field of international relations (IR).</p></sec><sec><title>Methods</title><p id="Par2">The research that underpins this article is based on a desk-based literature review as well as in-depth field interviews with individuals working in HIV/AIDS-focused NGOs in China. Face-to-face interviews for this research were conducted between January and May in 2011, and between December 2016 and January 2017, in China. Discourse analysis was in particular employed in the study of the security-threat framing process (securitization) of HIV/AIDS in China.</p></sec><sec><title>Results</title><p id="Par3">This article argues that the proliferation of HIV/AIDS-related NGOs in China is largely attributed to the normative and technical effects of HIV/AIDS securitization ushered in by the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) and supported by the Global Fund to Fight AIDS, Tuberculosis, and Malaria (hereinafter Global Fund) observed in China. Despite depicting a positive scenario, the development of HIV/AIDS-focused NGOs in China generated by the international securitization efforts is largely limited. An internal and external factor was identified to verify the argument, namely (1) the reduction of international financial commitments, as well as (2) the fragmentation of HIV/AIDS-focused NGO community in China.</p></sec><sec><title>Conclusions</title><p id="Par321">This article shows that international securitization weakened with the rise of Chinese commitment on HIV/AIDS interventions. In other words, HIV/AIDS-related responses delivered by the national government are no longer checked by the global mechanism of HIV/AIDS; thus it is unclear whether these NGOs would remain of interest as partners for the government. The fragmentation of the HIV/AIDS community would further hinder the development, preventing from NGOs with the same interest forming alliances to call for changes in current political environment. Such restriction on the concerted efforts of HIV/AIDS-related NGOs in China would make achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) to foster stronger partnerships between the government and civil society difficult, which in turn hindering the realization of ending HIV/AIDS in the world by 2030.</p></sec></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><title>Keywords</title><kwd>HIV/AIDS securitization</kwd><kwd>Health NGOs in China</kwd><kwd>Global health initiatives (GHIs)</kwd><kwd>Global Fund</kwd><kwd>United Nations Security Council (UNSC)</kwd><kwd>Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><award-group><funding-source><institution>Hong Kong University Research Council General Research Fund grant </institution></funding-source><award-id>144913</award-id></award-group></funding-group><custom-meta-group><custom-meta><meta-name>issue-copyright-statement</meta-name><meta-value>© The Author(s) 2018</meta-value></custom-meta></custom-meta-group></article-meta></front></pmc><affiliations><list></list><tree><noCountry><name sortKey="Lo, Catherine Yuk Ping" sort="Lo, Catherine Yuk Ping" uniqKey="Lo C" first="Catherine Yuk-Ping" last="Lo">Catherine Yuk-Ping Lo</name></noCountry></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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