Open reading frame 8a of the human severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus not only promotes viral replication but also induces apoptosis
Identifieur interne : 000359 ( PascalFrancis/Checkpoint ); précédent : 000358; suivant : 000360Open reading frame 8a of the human severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus not only promotes viral replication but also induces apoptosis
Auteurs : Chia-Yen Chen [Taïwan] ; Yueh-Hsin Ping [Taïwan] ; Hsin-Chen Lee [Taïwan] ; Kuan-Hsuan Chen [Taïwan] ; Yuan-Ming Lee [Taïwan] ; Yu-Juin Chan [Taïwan] ; Te-Cheng Lien [Taïwan] ; Tjin-Shing Jap [Taïwan] ; Chi-Hung Lin [Taïwan] ; Lung-Sen Kao [Taïwan] ; Yi-Ming Arthur Chen [Taïwan]Source :
- The Journal of infectious diseases [ 0022-1899 ] ; 2007.
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Abstract
Background. A unique genomic difference between human and civet severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses (SARS-CoVs) is that the former has a deletion of 29 nucleotides from open reading frame (orf) 8d that results in the generation of orf8a and orf8b. The objectives of the present study were to analyze antibody reactivity to ORF8a in patients with SARS and to elucidate the function of ORF8a. Methods. Western-blot and immunofluorescent antibody assays were used to detect anti-ORF8a antibody. SARS-CoV HKU39849 was used to infect stable clones expressing ORF8a and cells transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA). The virus loads (VLs) and cytopathic effects (CPEs) were recorded. Confocal microscopy and several mitochondria-related tests were used to study the function of ORF8a. Results. Two (5.4%) of 37 patients with SARS had anti-ORF8a antibodies. The VLs in the stable clones expressing ORF8a were significantly higher than those in control subjects 5 days after infection. siRNA against orf8a significantly reduced VLs and interrupted the CPE. ORF8a was found to be localized in mitochondria, and overexpression resulted in increases in mitochondrial transmembrane potential, reactive oxygen species production, caspase 3 activity, and cellular apoptosis. Conclusions. ORF8a not only enhances viral replication but also induces apoptosis through a mitochondria-dependent pathway.
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Therapy</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jap, Tjin Shing" sort="Jap, Tjin Shing" uniqKey="Jap T" first="Tjin-Shing" last="Jap">Tjin-Shing Jap</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Section of Biochemistry, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Veterans General Hospital</s1><s3>TWN</s3><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Taïwan</country><wicri:noRegion>Section of Biochemistry, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Veterans General Hospital</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lin, Chi Hung" sort="Lin, Chi Hung" uniqKey="Lin C" first="Chi-Hung" last="Lin">Chi-Hung Lin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University</s1><s2>Taipei</s2><s3>TWN</s3><sZ>9 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Taïwan</country><wicri:noRegion>Taipei</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kao, Lung Sen" sort="Kao, Lung Sen" uniqKey="Kao L" first="Lung-Sen" last="Kao">Lung-Sen Kao</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="08"><s1>Faculty of Life Science, National Yang-Ming University</s1><s2>Taipei</s2><s3>TWN</s3><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Taïwan</country><wicri:noRegion>Taipei</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Yi Ming Arthur" sort="Chen, Yi Ming Arthur" uniqKey="Chen Y" first="Yi-Ming Arthur" last="Chen">Yi-Ming Arthur Chen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University</s1><s3>TWN</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Taïwan</country><wicri:noRegion>Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>AIDS Prevention and Research Center, National Yang-Ming University</s1><s3>TWN</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Taïwan</country><wicri:noRegion>AIDS Prevention and Research Center, National Yang-Ming University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></titleStmt><publicationStmt><idno type="wicri:source">INIST</idno><idno type="inist">07-0388620</idno><date when="2007">2007</date><idno type="stanalyst">PASCAL 07-0388620 INIST</idno><idno type="RBID">Pascal:07-0388620</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Corpus">000355</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Curation">000634</idno><idno type="wicri:Area/PascalFrancis/Checkpoint">000359</idno><idno type="wicri:explorRef" wicri:stream="PascalFrancis" wicri:step="Checkpoint">000359</idno></publicationStmt><sourceDesc><biblStruct><analytic><title xml:lang="en" level="a">Open reading frame 8a of the human severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus not only promotes viral replication but also induces apoptosis</title><author><name sortKey="Chen, Chia Yen" sort="Chen, Chia Yen" uniqKey="Chen C" first="Chia-Yen" last="Chen">Chia-Yen Chen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University</s1><s3>TWN</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Taïwan</country><wicri:noRegion>Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>AIDS Prevention and Research Center, National Yang-Ming University</s1><s3>TWN</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Taïwan</country><wicri:noRegion>AIDS Prevention and Research Center, National Yang-Ming University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Ping, Yueh Hsin" sort="Ping, Yueh Hsin" uniqKey="Ping Y" first="Yueh-Hsin" last="Ping">Yueh-Hsin Ping</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University</s1><s3>TWN</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Taïwan</country><wicri:noRegion>Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Hsin Chen" sort="Lee, Hsin Chen" uniqKey="Lee H" first="Hsin-Chen" last="Lee">Hsin-Chen Lee</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="03"><s1>Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University</s1><s3>TWN</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Taïwan</country><wicri:noRegion>Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Kuan Hsuan" sort="Chen, Kuan Hsuan" uniqKey="Chen K" first="Kuan-Hsuan" last="Chen">Kuan-Hsuan Chen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>AIDS Prevention and Research Center, National Yang-Ming University</s1><s3>TWN</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Taïwan</country><wicri:noRegion>AIDS Prevention and Research Center, National Yang-Ming University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lee, Yuan Ming" sort="Lee, Yuan Ming" uniqKey="Lee Y" first="Yuan-Ming" last="Lee">Yuan-Ming Lee</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University</s1><s3>TWN</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Taïwan</country><wicri:noRegion>Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Division of Clinical Virology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine</s1><s3>TWN</s3><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Taïwan</country><wicri:noRegion>Division of Clinical Virology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chan, Yu Juin" sort="Chan, Yu Juin" uniqKey="Chan Y" first="Yu-Juin" last="Chan">Yu-Juin Chan</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="04"><s1>Division of Clinical Virology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine</s1><s3>TWN</s3><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Taïwan</country><wicri:noRegion>Division of Clinical Virology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lien, Te Cheng" sort="Lien, Te Cheng" uniqKey="Lien T" first="Te-Cheng" last="Lien">Te-Cheng Lien</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="05"><s1>Department of Respiratory Therapy</s1><s3>TWN</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Taïwan</country><wicri:noRegion>Department of Respiratory Therapy</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Jap, Tjin Shing" sort="Jap, Tjin Shing" uniqKey="Jap T" first="Tjin-Shing" last="Jap">Tjin-Shing Jap</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="06"><s1>Section of Biochemistry, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Veterans General Hospital</s1><s3>TWN</s3><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Taïwan</country><wicri:noRegion>Section of Biochemistry, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Veterans General Hospital</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Lin, Chi Hung" sort="Lin, Chi Hung" uniqKey="Lin C" first="Chi-Hung" last="Lin">Chi-Hung Lin</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="07"><s1>Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University</s1><s2>Taipei</s2><s3>TWN</s3><sZ>9 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Taïwan</country><wicri:noRegion>Taipei</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Kao, Lung Sen" sort="Kao, Lung Sen" uniqKey="Kao L" first="Lung-Sen" last="Kao">Lung-Sen Kao</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="08"><s1>Faculty of Life Science, National Yang-Ming University</s1><s2>Taipei</s2><s3>TWN</s3><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Taïwan</country><wicri:noRegion>Taipei</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author><author><name sortKey="Chen, Yi Ming Arthur" sort="Chen, Yi Ming Arthur" uniqKey="Chen Y" first="Yi-Ming Arthur" last="Chen">Yi-Ming Arthur Chen</name><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="01"><s1>Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University</s1><s3>TWN</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Taïwan</country><wicri:noRegion>Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation><affiliation wicri:level="1"><inist:fA14 i1="02"><s1>AIDS Prevention and Research Center, National Yang-Ming University</s1><s3>TWN</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ></inist:fA14><country>Taïwan</country><wicri:noRegion>AIDS Prevention and Research Center, National Yang-Ming University</wicri:noRegion></affiliation></author></analytic><series><title level="j" type="main">The Journal of infectious diseases</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">J. infect. dis.</title><idno type="ISSN">0022-1899</idno><imprint><date when="2007">2007</date></imprint></series></biblStruct></sourceDesc><seriesStmt><title level="j" type="main">The Journal of infectious diseases</title><title level="j" type="abbreviated">J. infect. dis.</title><idno type="ISSN">0022-1899</idno></seriesStmt></fileDesc><profileDesc><textClass><keywords scheme="KwdEn" xml:lang="en"><term>Apoptosis</term><term>Cell death</term><term>Coronavirus</term><term>Human</term><term>Open reading frame</term><term>Replication</term><term>Severe acute respiratory syndrome</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Pascal" xml:lang="fr"><term>Homme</term><term>Coronavirus</term><term>Cadre lecture ouvert</term><term>Réplication</term><term>Apoptose</term><term>Mort cellulaire</term><term>Syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère</term></keywords><keywords scheme="Wicri" type="topic" xml:lang="fr"><term>Homme</term></keywords></textClass></profileDesc></teiHeader><front><div type="abstract" xml:lang="en">Background. A unique genomic difference between human and civet severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses (SARS-CoVs) is that the former has a deletion of 29 nucleotides from open reading frame (orf) 8d that results in the generation of orf8a and orf8b. The objectives of the present study were to analyze antibody reactivity to ORF8a in patients with SARS and to elucidate the function of ORF8a. Methods. Western-blot and immunofluorescent antibody assays were used to detect anti-ORF8a antibody. SARS-CoV HKU39849 was used to infect stable clones expressing ORF8a and cells transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA). The virus loads (VLs) and cytopathic effects (CPEs) were recorded. Confocal microscopy and several mitochondria-related tests were used to study the function of ORF8a. Results. Two (5.4%) of 37 patients with SARS had anti-ORF8a antibodies. The VLs in the stable clones expressing ORF8a were significantly higher than those in control subjects 5 days after infection. siRNA against orf8a significantly reduced VLs and interrupted the CPE. ORF8a was found to be localized in mitochondria, and overexpression resulted in increases in mitochondrial transmembrane potential, reactive oxygen species production, caspase 3 activity, and cellular apoptosis. Conclusions. ORF8a not only enhances viral replication but also induces apoptosis through a mitochondria-dependent pathway.</div></front></TEI><inist><standard h6="B"><pA><fA01 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>0022-1899</s0></fA01><fA02 i1="01"><s0>JIDIAQ</s0></fA02><fA03 i2="1"><s0>J. infect. dis.</s0></fA03><fA05><s2>196</s2></fA05><fA06><s2>3</s2></fA06><fA08 i1="01" i2="1" l="ENG"><s1>Open reading frame 8a of the human severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus not only promotes viral replication but also induces apoptosis</s1></fA08><fA11 i1="01" i2="1"><s1>CHEN (Chia-Yen)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="02" i2="1"><s1>PING (Yueh-Hsin)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="03" i2="1"><s1>LEE (Hsin-Chen)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="04" i2="1"><s1>CHEN (Kuan-Hsuan)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="05" i2="1"><s1>LEE (Yuan-Ming)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="06" i2="1"><s1>CHAN (Yu-Juin)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="07" i2="1"><s1>LIEN (Te-Cheng)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="08" i2="1"><s1>JAP (Tjin-Shing)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="09" i2="1"><s1>LIN (Chi-Hung)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="10" i2="1"><s1>KAO (Lung-Sen)</s1></fA11><fA11 i1="11" i2="1"><s1>CHEN (Yi-Ming Arthur)</s1></fA11><fA14 i1="01"><s1>Institute of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University</s1><s3>TWN</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="02"><s1>AIDS Prevention and Research Center, National Yang-Ming University</s1><s3>TWN</s3><sZ>1 aut.</sZ><sZ>4 aut.</sZ><sZ>11 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="03"><s1>Institute of Pharmacology, National Yang-Ming University</s1><s3>TWN</s3><sZ>2 aut.</sZ><sZ>3 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="04"><s1>Division of Clinical Virology, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine</s1><s3>TWN</s3><sZ>5 aut.</sZ><sZ>6 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="05"><s1>Department of Respiratory Therapy</s1><s3>TWN</s3><sZ>7 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="06"><s1>Section of Biochemistry, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Veterans General Hospital</s1><s3>TWN</s3><sZ>8 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="07"><s1>Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Yang-Ming University</s1><s2>Taipei</s2><s3>TWN</s3><sZ>9 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA14 i1="08"><s1>Faculty of Life Science, National Yang-Ming University</s1><s2>Taipei</s2><s3>TWN</s3><sZ>10 aut.</sZ></fA14><fA20><s1>405-415</s1></fA20><fA21><s1>2007</s1></fA21><fA23 i1="01"><s0>ENG</s0></fA23><fA43 i1="01"><s1>INIST</s1><s2>2052</s2><s5>354000146736940090</s5></fA43><fA44><s0>0000</s0><s1>© 2007 INIST-CNRS. All rights reserved.</s1></fA44><fA45><s0>50 ref.</s0></fA45><fA47 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>07-0388620</s0></fA47><fA60><s1>P</s1></fA60><fA61><s0>A</s0></fA61><fA64 i1="01" i2="1"><s0>The Journal of infectious diseases</s0></fA64><fA66 i1="01"><s0>USA</s0></fA66><fC01 i1="01" l="ENG"><s0>Background. A unique genomic difference between human and civet severe acute respiratory syndrome coronaviruses (SARS-CoVs) is that the former has a deletion of 29 nucleotides from open reading frame (orf) 8d that results in the generation of orf8a and orf8b. The objectives of the present study were to analyze antibody reactivity to ORF8a in patients with SARS and to elucidate the function of ORF8a. Methods. Western-blot and immunofluorescent antibody assays were used to detect anti-ORF8a antibody. SARS-CoV HKU39849 was used to infect stable clones expressing ORF8a and cells transfected with small interfering RNA (siRNA). The virus loads (VLs) and cytopathic effects (CPEs) were recorded. Confocal microscopy and several mitochondria-related tests were used to study the function of ORF8a. Results. Two (5.4%) of 37 patients with SARS had anti-ORF8a antibodies. The VLs in the stable clones expressing ORF8a were significantly higher than those in control subjects 5 days after infection. siRNA against orf8a significantly reduced VLs and interrupted the CPE. ORF8a was found to be localized in mitochondria, and overexpression resulted in increases in mitochondrial transmembrane potential, reactive oxygen species production, caspase 3 activity, and cellular apoptosis. Conclusions. ORF8a not only enhances viral replication but also induces apoptosis through a mitochondria-dependent pathway.</s0></fC01><fC02 i1="01" i2="X"><s0>002A05C10</s0></fC02><fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Homme</s0><s5>01</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Human</s0><s5>01</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="01" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Hombre</s0><s5>01</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Coronavirus</s0><s2>NW</s2><s5>02</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Coronavirus</s0><s2>NW</s2><s5>02</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="02" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Coronavirus</s0><s2>NW</s2><s5>02</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Cadre lecture ouvert</s0><s5>05</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Open reading frame</s0><s5>05</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="03" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Cuadro lectura abierto</s0><s5>05</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Réplication</s0><s5>06</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Replication</s0><s5>06</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="04" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Replicación</s0><s5>06</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Apoptose</s0><s5>07</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Apoptosis</s0><s5>07</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="05" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Apoptosis</s0><s5>07</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Mort cellulaire</s0><s5>08</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Cell death</s0><s5>08</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="06" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Muerte celular</s0><s5>08</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Syndrome respiratoire aigu sévère</s0><s2>NM</s2><s5>14</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Severe acute respiratory syndrome</s0><s2>NM</s2><s5>14</s5></fC03><fC03 i1="07" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Síndrome respiratorio agudo severo</s0><s2>NM</s2><s5>14</s5></fC03><fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Coronaviridae</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Coronaviridae</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="01" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Coronaviridae</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Nidovirales</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Nidovirales</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="02" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Nidovirales</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="03" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Virus</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="03" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Virus</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="03" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Virus</s0><s2>NW</s2></fC07><fC07 i1="04" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Appareil respiratoire pathologie</s0><s5>13</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="04" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Respiratory disease</s0><s5>13</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="04" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Aparato respiratorio patología</s0><s5>13</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="05" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Virose</s0></fC07><fC07 i1="05" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Viral disease</s0></fC07><fC07 i1="05" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Virosis</s0></fC07><fC07 i1="06" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Infection</s0></fC07><fC07 i1="06" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Infection</s0></fC07><fC07 i1="06" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Infección</s0></fC07><fC07 i1="07" i2="X" l="FRE"><s0>Poumon pathologie</s0><s5>16</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="07" i2="X" l="ENG"><s0>Lung disease</s0><s5>16</s5></fC07><fC07 i1="07" i2="X" l="SPA"><s0>Pulmón patología</s0><s5>16</s5></fC07><fN21><s1>253</s1></fN21><fN44 i1="01"><s1>OTO</s1></fN44><fN82><s1>OTO</s1></fN82></pA></standard></inist><affiliations><list><country><li>Taïwan</li></country></list><tree><country name="Taïwan"><noRegion><name sortKey="Chen, Chia Yen" sort="Chen, Chia Yen" uniqKey="Chen C" first="Chia-Yen" last="Chen">Chia-Yen Chen</name></noRegion><name sortKey="Chan, Yu Juin" sort="Chan, Yu Juin" uniqKey="Chan Y" first="Yu-Juin" last="Chan">Yu-Juin Chan</name><name sortKey="Chen, Chia Yen" sort="Chen, Chia Yen" uniqKey="Chen C" first="Chia-Yen" last="Chen">Chia-Yen Chen</name><name sortKey="Chen, Kuan Hsuan" sort="Chen, Kuan Hsuan" uniqKey="Chen K" first="Kuan-Hsuan" last="Chen">Kuan-Hsuan Chen</name><name sortKey="Chen, Yi Ming Arthur" sort="Chen, Yi Ming Arthur" uniqKey="Chen Y" first="Yi-Ming Arthur" last="Chen">Yi-Ming Arthur Chen</name><name sortKey="Chen, Yi Ming Arthur" sort="Chen, Yi Ming Arthur" uniqKey="Chen Y" first="Yi-Ming Arthur" last="Chen">Yi-Ming Arthur Chen</name><name sortKey="Jap, Tjin Shing" sort="Jap, Tjin Shing" uniqKey="Jap T" first="Tjin-Shing" last="Jap">Tjin-Shing Jap</name><name sortKey="Kao, Lung Sen" sort="Kao, Lung Sen" uniqKey="Kao L" first="Lung-Sen" last="Kao">Lung-Sen Kao</name><name sortKey="Lee, Hsin Chen" sort="Lee, Hsin Chen" uniqKey="Lee H" first="Hsin-Chen" last="Lee">Hsin-Chen Lee</name><name sortKey="Lee, Yuan Ming" sort="Lee, Yuan Ming" uniqKey="Lee Y" first="Yuan-Ming" last="Lee">Yuan-Ming Lee</name><name sortKey="Lee, Yuan Ming" sort="Lee, Yuan Ming" uniqKey="Lee Y" first="Yuan-Ming" last="Lee">Yuan-Ming Lee</name><name sortKey="Lien, Te Cheng" sort="Lien, Te Cheng" uniqKey="Lien T" first="Te-Cheng" last="Lien">Te-Cheng Lien</name><name sortKey="Lin, Chi Hung" sort="Lin, Chi Hung" uniqKey="Lin C" first="Chi-Hung" last="Lin">Chi-Hung Lin</name><name sortKey="Ping, Yueh Hsin" sort="Ping, Yueh Hsin" uniqKey="Ping Y" first="Yueh-Hsin" last="Ping">Yueh-Hsin Ping</name></country></tree></affiliations></record>Pour manipuler ce document sous Unix (Dilib)
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|texte= Open reading frame 8a of the human severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus not only promotes viral replication but also induces apoptosis
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